[Exploration of characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member: a qualitative study]

Introduction: The aim of nursing education is training of competent nurses who have knowledge, attitude and necessary skills for maintaining and promoting people health. So, nursing faculty member role in individual and professional development is not deniable. The purpose of this study is exploration of characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member

Methods: This is a qualitative research which was done using content analysis method. Data were collected through interviews. The study was initiated with purposive sampling and continued by theoretical one. 24 participants were interviewed during 2 months in Nursing faculty. Constant comparative analysis method was utilized for data analysis

Results: Data analysis has shown that 7 categories including: scientific background, educational skills, individual and emotional characteristics, professional ethics, supportive and management characteristics as secondary codes, and "A nursing competent faculty member as a complete human" as the main code were extracted from data which all participants confirmed them

Conclusion: In this study the characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member were recognized deeper. Since the main code "A nursing competent faculty member as a complete human" as a new and deep spiritual finding can emphasizes on the placement of nursing discipline. Considering the study findings can bear in mind that all nursing masters should pay attention to them and have a comprehensive plan to achive them. On the other hand, applying characteristics of a competent nursing faculty member as a guider in nursing menagement and education is recommended

[Effective factors on writing of Persian and non Persian articles in Arak University of Medical Sciences faculty members' point of view in 2008]

Since of the importance of publishing medical articles in evaluation of faculty members' activity and ranking of universities, this study was designed investigate faculty members' opinion about intendancy in writing Persian and non Persian articles. This cross-sectional analytical study is carried out by census method. Data were gathered by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, T-test, Chi square and correlation coefficient. The most important barriers in academic members' intendancy to articles were too busy in education or clinical treatment with the mean of 4.28 +/- 1.06, lack of experienced persons fro writing non Persian articles as counselor with the mean of 3.98 +/- 1.00, lack of research teams with the man of 3.95 +/- 0.98, long time in proposal approval with the man of 3.96 +/- 1.02, lack of journal editorial board supporting in accepting of descriptive articles with the mean of 3.95 +/- 1.02 and long time from receiving articles until their approval and publishing with the mean of 3.95 +/- 1.07. By decreasing education hours, shortening the process of proposal approval, introducing expert persons in writing non Persian articles as counselor, shortening the process of evaluating and publishing or rejecting articles can increase academic members' tendency in writing articles

[ effect of post material on stress distribution in mandibular second premolar tooth by finite element analysis]

The restoration material commonly used as core material for pulpless posterior teeth is mostly amalgam due to its high strength and low cost and it can be used with or without pin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of post material on stress distribution in mandibular second premolar tooth by finite element analysis. The stress distribution was analyzed in amalgam core supported with and without pin. Three dimensional plane strain models of the human mandibular second premolar were first made with pin amalgam and then with post amalgam. After applying the loading force at 45 degree angel, the stress distribution was analyzed in models. Maximum stress in pin amalgam was more than that in post amalgam. The area of maximum stress in pin amalgam was at pin and core interface but in post amalgam it was at the margin of core in the side of applied force. The least stress was at the margin of core opposite to the side of force in both models and was more in pin amalgam than post amalgam. As the stress was more in pin amalgam than post amalgam so it can be said that the fracture strength of post amalgam is more than pin amalgam. Since crown increases fracture resistance of post and core, further studies for analysing stress distribution of amalgam core with crown is recommended

[ comparison of Dexamethasone and Metoclopramide effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting]

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common problems in postoperative period. Patients' who are at high risk of PONV, may receive antinausea and vomiting drugs. The most common drug is Metoclopramide, but it's extrapiramidal signs and side effects such as lethargy, dizziness and headache especially in children lead us to perform this study, in order to compare Dexamethasone and Metoclopramide effects in PONV prevention. This study was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. 262 patients [2-25 years] in ASA class I, II which were candidates for ENT, eye and laparatomy surgeries, divided into two groups randomly. One group received 0.1 mg/kg Dexamethasone IV and the other group received 0.1mg/kg Metoclopramide IV, 10-15 minutes before operation ending time. During recovery, the frequency of PONV was assessed. Data was analysed by Pearson test. PONV frequency in the two groups had no significant difference. Also PONV rate in the two groups had no significant difference in male and female. In prevention and treatment of PONV, Dexamethasone effect was same as Metoclopramide. Considering low expense, avalibility and low side effects Dexamethasone is a proper substitute for Metoclopramide in surgeries with high risk of PONV

[ study of acute renal failure incidence in patientsadmitted to emergency surgical ward of Vali-e-Asr hospital, Arak]

Acute renal failure [ARF] is one of the relatively incident complications in surgical emergency wards and is defined as increasing serum urea and creatinine and decreasing GFR. In this study we investigated acute renal failure incidence in patients admitted to emergency surgical ward. This is a cross sectional analytical study in which j all patients with primary diagnosis of emergency surgery [traumatic or nontraumatic] admitted in emergency surgery ward were selected. After history taking and physical assessment patients having history of kidney diseases were excluded. Urinalysis, BUN and creatinine tests were performed for all samples. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. In this study 2100 patients [1280 male] were assessed during a 10 month period. 5.66% of samples had some degree of ARF. 1136 patients undergone surgery due to accidents and trauma [72% multiple trauma and 28% single trauma] and 964 patients due to nontraumatic emergencies. ARF was seen in 6.84% of the first and 4.25% of the second group. ARF incidence in male and female was 5.6% and 5.7% respectively. The overall incidence of ARF in this study was not so different / fromdevelopedcountries.ARFwassignificantlymoreincidentintraumatic

comparison of intravenous and intrathecal Fentanyl injections effects in elective Cesarian

To improve painlessness quality and increasing the time of block and also for more painlessness after Cesarian surgery opiates are used in spinal anesthesia with blocker drugs in two ways: intravenous and intrathecal. The main goal of this research is to make a comparison between effects of intravenous and intrathecal fentanyl injections in elective Cesarian. In this double blind clinical trial study, 50 patients who were selected for elective Cesarian surgery were divided into two equal groups, and each group received 75-100mg lidocain as a blocker agent. Then 12.5 microgram fentanyl was injected intravenously for one group and equal dose intrathecaly for the second group. Then vital signs and some side effects such as nausia, vomiting, itching and shivering were recorded for 6hours and blood pressure under 90 mmHg for 30 minutes. Results were analyzed with T test and SPSS soft ware. In this study, the time of painlessness for intrathecal fentanyl was 135.4 minutes and in intravenous group was 106.2. It was also found that in intrathecal fentanyl group and intravenous fentanyl group, blood pressure under 90mmHg was 72% and 56%, nausea 52% and 32%, vomiting 20% and 12%, and shivering 12% and 16% respectively. Itching was not seen. The average time of analgesic effect of fentanyl in intrathecal group was significantly more than the other group. Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure and shivering were more prevalent in intrathecal group but there was no meaningful difference between them