[ effect of addition of calcium hypochlorite disinfectant on setting expansion and surface hardness of dental stone]

Addition of disinfectants to dental stones is one method to prevent cross-contamination between patients and laboratory personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of calcium hypochlorite disinfectant on setting expansion and surface hardness of dental stone. In this experimental study, calcium hypochlorite aqueous solution with 0.5% concentration was added to type V dental stone. Setting expansion was measured by extensometer in millimeter and surface hardness was measured by Rockwell hardness test machine. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test with 0.05 level of significance. The mean setting expansion values were 2.49 +/- 0.0017 mm and 0.27 +/- 0.0094 mm in the test and control groups, respectively and had a statistically significant difference. The mean Rockwell hardness number was 74 +/- 1.93 and 85 +/- 3.09 in the test and control groups, respectively with no statistically significant difference. Setting expansion and surface hardness of type V dental stone increased and decreased, respectively by the addition of 0.5% calcium hypochlorite. Thus, this disinfection method needs modification for routine use in the laboratory setting

[Evaluation of a short-time exercise on serum leptin levels in type 2 diabetic patients]

Research evidences showed that adipocytokines secreted by adipose tissue play an importance role in the development of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a single bout of exercise on serum leptin levels and insulin resistance in adult males with type 2 diabetes. Fifteen adult obese men with diabetic aged 38-50 years participated in this semi-experimental study. Concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, serum leptin and insulin, as well as insulin resistance were measured before and immediately after a short single bout exercise on a fixed bicycle in studied patients. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. In this study, exercise protocol did not cause any changes in the mentioned variables, except glucose concentration. In other word, blood glucose concentration significantly decreased after exercise test [p<0.03]. The finding of this study showed that a short single bout exercise has no acute effect on leptin levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. It seems that serum leptin is decreased in response to long time exercise with high energy expenditure and negative energy balance

[Evaluation efficacy of safety trainings about employees' preparation to deal with stressful situations]

Developing strategies for dealing with stressful and critical situations are very important. In traumatic conditions, firstly people must understand that preventive measures can be beneficial to deal with in this situation [reducing perception of safety helplessness]; secondly, they have the expertise and skill to deal with these conditions [increasing perception of safety self-efficacy]. This research was carried out to evaluate effectiveness of safety trainings on employees' perceived safety self-efficacy and helplessness. About 204 individuals [101 in experimental group and 103 ones in control group] completed the perceived safety self-efficiency and perceived safety helplessness scales of Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein [1983] before a 4-hour safety training course in Isfahan Steel Company. Only the experimental group participated in this training course. This questionnaire almost implemented approximately 30 days after training for both groups. The results were compared using descriptive indexes and covariance. Comparison between two groups showed that safety trainings had a significant effect on reducing the perceived safety helplessness of employees; but had no significant effect on perceived safety self-efficacy improvement. The results of this research maintain the importance of safety trainings evaluation and its effectiveness determination on variables related to the occupational accidents

clinical effectiveness of subgingival irrigation with povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide in treatment of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis

Statement of Problem: Although mechanical debridement is considered as the conventional technique in the management of chronic periodontitis, the locally delivered antiseptic agents have also been investigated as an adjunctive therapy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of subgingival irrigation with polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine [PVP-I] 10%, H[2]O[2] 3%, and the combination of both in the measurement of probing depth and plaque and gingival indices of patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis

Materials and Method: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 16 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected using the simple random sampling method. They had at least one tooth with a probing depth >/= 5 mm in each quadrant and had undergone phase I of periodontal therapy one month after dental scaling, The initial probing depth, plaque, and gingival indices were recorded and the selected teeth were randomly irrigated with PVP-I 10%, H[2]O[2] 3%, H[2]O[2] 3% + PVP-I 10%, or normal saline. The measurements were repeated five weeks after the procedure. The data were analyzed through running paired-samples t-test, analysis of variance [ANOVA], Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test

Results: The mean differences in probing depth before and after subgingival irrigation in patients who were treated with normal saline, H[2]O[2], PVP-I, and PVP + H[2]O[2] were 1.29 mm, 1.35 mm, 1.47 mm, and 1.71 mm, respectively. This indicated a significant difference among all the groups [ p <05]. Furthermore, PVP-I had a positive effect on the gingival index but it had no significant effect on the plaque index

Conclusion: Subgingival irrigation is an effective adjunctive therapy to mechanical debridement in treating moderate to severe chronic periodontitis

[Job stress and the rate of reported incidents among workers' Isfahan steel company: the role of mediator work pressure]

Negative job stress puts harmful effects on physical and psychological health of workers. However, the effects of stress can be mediated by other variables. This study examines the relationship between job stress, work pressure and all the rate of reported incidents. Statistical research community included all workers of Isfahan Steel Company in the winter 1388 that among them,189 individuals were selected as sample using stratified random sampling method [from the list of workers per sector] and they responded to questionnaires including 10 questions of job stress, 4 questions of work pressure and 22 questions of the rate of reported incidents. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression. Results showed that there was a significant internal correlation among study variables [job stress, work pressure and the rate of reported incidents] [p<0.05]. In addition, regression analysis showed that job stress on the rate of incidents reported directly and indirectly through perception of job pressure was effective [p<0.05]. Similarly, in the inverse mediation analysis, job stress mediated relationship between work pressure and the rate of reported incidents [p<0.05]. reducing job stress by changing workers' perceptions of work pressure can lower the rate of reported incidents and also the reduction of work pressure perception by improving job stress can be effective in incidence of occupational accidents

[Effectiveness of a safety training course in changing employees attitude toward safety issues and its dimensions: a pathological study]

Millions of occupational accidents and disease cases are reported from work places annually causing considerable human and financial damages. Safety training is globally considered the best strategy to mitigate these damages. In this project a safety attitude questionnaire was used to obtain the required information. The questionnaire contained items about 13 relevant variables: job conscientiousness, fatalism, leadership, safety consciousness, role overload, work pressure, job safety perception, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, management safety perception, safety program and policies perception, interpersonal conflicts at work, and job involvement. A total of 204 individuals [101 in the control and 103 in the experiment group] in the Isfahan Steel Company completed the safety attitude questionnaire. This was followed by a 4-hour safety training course attended by the experimental group. After 30 days both the experimental and control group completed the questionnaire again. Descriptive statistics and covariate analysis were used the compare the data between the 2 groups. Safety training in the workplace influenced positively the general attitude of the personnel towards safety issues. Further analysis of the data revealed that the training affected statistically significantly only safety consciousness, leadership, and management safety perception. Assessment of safety attitude in the workplace and its dimensions can be used to identify those areas of safety training that need more attention and a better design

Predictive power of incidents reporting rate and its dimensions by job stress among workers' Isfahan steel company

There is long-term interest in the effects of stress on health, due to the strain that it places on individuals which can lead to an increased risk of disease. The present study examined degree of perceived job stress related to incidents reporting rate and its dimensions among workers' Isfahan Steel Company. A self-administered anonymous was distributed to 189 workers. The survey included demographic factors, incidents reporting rate and its components [physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and accidents] and the job Stress Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate [MANOVA] and correlation techniques. 1] there was internal significant correlation between perceived job stress with incident reporting rate as well as with its two components namely physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; 2] there was not a significant relationship between perceived job stress and accident; 2] In multivariate analysis, perceived job stress respectively about 12%, 18% and 19% of the variance of variables of incidents reporting rate, physical and psychological symptoms significantly predicted [P<0.05]. Perceived job stress influences to physical and psychological symptoms. Therefore, decreasing job stress can be important to prevent the development of stress-related diseases and to promote workers health

effect of DETA NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, on the rate of collagen synthesis in rat as an animal model of diabetes

Exogenous nitric oxide donors such as DETA NONOate, spontaneously release nitric oxide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DETA NONOate as a nitric oxide releasing drug on the rate of collagen synthesis during the impaired wound healing in a rat model of diabetes. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were transferred into separate metabolic cages. Nine days before wounding, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin [STZ; 55 mg/kg body weight in citrate buffer 0.1 mol/L, pH 4.5] to induce diabetes. The dorsal surface of each rat was properly shaved and a full thickness dermal wound was made. The test group [n=6] was treated with 100 microM DETA NONOate in phosphate buffer while the control wounds [n=6] received sterile saline [PBS] only on the same day as wounding and every three days for one week. After the skin incision, polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] sponges were implanted subcutaneously on the dorsal of each animal under sterile conditions for the collection of wound fluid. Electrophoresis [current: 20 mA] was performed on the wound fluid. The gel was stained with Coomassie blue G-250, destained, and photographed. DETA NONOate treatment increased the rate of collagen synthesis in the diabetic test group compared to the control group. The nitric oxide donor, DETA NONOate, may represent a potential treatment for impaired wound healing in diabetes by increasing the collagen synthesis at the wound site

Emergency reactions training effectiveness in employees'safety consciousness of Esfahan steel company

This paper aims to study the emergency reactions training in employees' safety consciousness regarding the importance of safety trainings and careful planning in order to prevent and minimize disasters. The research methodology involved the study of 50 employees of Esfahan Steel Company by stratified random sampling in 2009. Control and experimental groups were selected and evaluated in pretest and posttest after one month. The data was surveyed by using of SPSS, covariance and safety survey of Munteanu. Based on the test score, emergency reactions training boosted the employees' safety consciousness compared with the meaningful relation of pretest and posttest scores. [p<0/05] The results show that emergency reactions training improve the employees' safety consciousness

[ relative frequency and socio-demographic correlates of bipolar spectrum disorders in divorced volunteers]

During the recent years, increasing rate of divorce, affects families and community. Identifying divorce risk factors seems to be very important. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and some demographic correlates of mood Bipolar Spectrum Disorder [BSD] in volunteers of divorce referred to Family-Counseling Centers. This was a descriptive-analytic study on divorced volunteers referred to family counseling centers of Isfahan in winter-spring 2007. The sample consisted of 96 volunteers selected through randomized cluster sampling. All participants were administered Mood Disorder Questionnaire [MDQ as well as a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS13 software, using descriptive statistics, CHI2 and Mann-Whitney tests. BSD was significantly more prevalent among females [p < 0.031] and among housewives [p < 0.05]. No significant difference was seen in the frequency of BSD between different age groups [p = 0.47] and educational levels [p = 0.11]. Our findings indicated that psychiatric disorders including BSD may have a role in divorce. Marriage and/or divorce counseling may serve as a means for recognizing BSD in consults. Hence, it may play a role in reducing the rate of divorce through patients' referral for appropriate specialized treatment