Effects of amikin injection on the kidney of albino rats

Amikacin sulphate [Amikin] is a member of the aminoglycoside group of antibiotics that are effective against infections caused by Gram-negative organisms. Their use is limited by the severity of their unwanted effects and by their route and frequency of administration. The present work was thus attempted to detect the potential nephrotoxic effect of amikin on the renal cortex, both proximal and distal convoluted tubules and glomeruli, by using the light and electron microscope given for two different periods of administration and the possible reversibility of its effect. Thirty six adult male albino rats were used in the present work. They were divided into four main groups: the first and second groups were served as control and sham control groups. The third group [treated group], the animals were treated with amikin for one week and for two weeks. The forth group [reversible group], the animals were sacrificed after one month from the end of treatment for one week and for two weeks. The specimens were taken from the cortex of the kidney of each animal and prepared for light and electron microscopic study. In the present study, the treated group revealed potential sings of nephrotoxicity affecting the convoluted tubules. The affection was much pronounced on the proximal convoluted tubules. The lesion was patchy, varied from slight cytoplasmic affection to massive tubular necrosis.Also damage affecting the epithelial lining of the tubules. The basement membrane showed definite thickening and the microvilli were partially or completely lost. The mitochondria appeared swollen and some of them revealed rupture membranes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited dilatation

Effects of cyclosporine on the kidney of the albino rat

This work was done to study the effects of Cyclosporine A on the kidney of albino rat in attempt to detect the ultrastructural changes in the kidney that may lead to terminal renal insufficiency after administration of this drug who is the main immunosuppressive agent used in organ and tissue transplantation. Forty five adult male albino rats were used in this study, they were divided into two groups, the first group consists of 15; rats were used as a control and sacrificed at the same periods as treated group. The second group consists of 30 rats and injected daily intraperitoneally with the therapeutic dose of Cyclosporine A: [Sandimmun] with a dose of 10 mg / kg / day. Ten animals were sacrificed after one week, two weeks and one month from the beginning of injection. Semithin and ultrathin sections of the kidney were prepared. The results were indicated that intraperitoneal injection of Cyclosporine A to albino rats induced progressive pathological alterations within the kidney that became more severe with the long duration of treatment. The changes were in the form of cell swelling, loss of brush border, nuclear condensation and focal areas of tubular necrosis. After one month wide spread of tubular necrosis was the predominate. Necrotic tubular epithelial cells could be seen detached and sloughed from the basal lamina into the tubular lumen. There was massive tubular dilatation and marked thickening of the tubular basement membranes. There was mitochondrial dissociation, central vacuolation and dense bodies in the tubular lining cells