Relationship between immune regulation and structure of polysaccharides / 中国中药杂志

Polysaccharides have significant immunomodulatory activity and have good development value in food and medicine fields. At present, there are many studies on the chemical structure and immune activity of polysaccharides, but the relationship between them of polysaccharides has not been fully explained, which limits the further development and utilization of polysaccharide resources. The immune activity of polysaccharides is closely related to their own structure. This paper systematically summarized the relationship between the relative molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond types, chemical modification, and advanced conformation of polysaccharides and the immune regulation, aiming to provide references for the profound study of polysaccharide structure-activity relationship and utilization of polysaccharides.

Essential oil from Saussurea costus inhibits proliferation and migration of Eca109 cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and STAT3 signaling

Objective: To investigate the effect and its underlying molecular mechanisms of essential oil from Saussurea costus in esophageal cancer cell line Eca109. Methods: The chemical composition of essential oil from Saussurea costus was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects of essential oil from Saussurea costus against Eca109 cells were analyzed. Moreover, the expression of proteins associated with cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis was determined. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that essential oil from Saussurea costus was predominantly comprised of sesquiterpenes. Saussurea costus essential oil inhibited the viability of Eca109 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with IC 50 values of (24.29±1.49), (19.16±2.27) and (6.97±0.86) μg/mL at 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The expression levels of target proteins in the cell cycle (phase G 1 /S), including cyclin D1, p21, and p53, were affected by Saussurea costus essential oil. The essential oil also downregulated the expression of metastasis-related proteins MMP-9 and MMP-2. Moreover, it induced apoptosis of Eca109 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, as well as inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Conclusions: The essential oil from Saussurea costus exhibited anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects on Eca109 cells, and could be further explored as a potential anti-esophageal cancer agent.

Research progress in clinical application of lymphoplasmapheresis in immune-related diseases / 中国输血杂志

Lymphoplasmapheresis(LPE) is a combination of plasma exchange and lymphocyte separation technology. It can not only remove autoimmune antibodies, but also remove the immune active cells producing these antibodies. At the same time, it can inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses, and improve the efficiency and reliability of treatment. This technology is safe, reliable, and easy to operate. In recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and the suppression of immune rejection after organ transplantation, especially in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper summarizes the clinical application status of LPE in immune-related diseases at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the clinical promotion of LPE, and makes a prospect of its application value.

Research progress on mental health related cohorts of children in distress / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The growth and development of children is related to the future of the country and the nation. In recent years, there have been more and more cohort studies in the field of children s mental health. Bymainly introducing the advantages of cohort studies on children in distress and organizes domestic and foreign cohort studies in the field of mental health of children in distress, this article finds that it is mostly used in depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation and attempts, etc, and mainly explores the risk and prevalence of mental health development in children in distress, and identifies long term negative damage. The research aims to promote the long term development and high quality development of such research by analyzing and summarizing the status quo and prospects of cohort research in the field of mental health of children in distress.

The Expression and Functional Roles of Epoxide Hydrolase 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The expression, function and prognostic significance of epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were comprehensively analyzed through collecting HCC tissues and public database. The GEO and MitoCarta databases were used to identify the mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was applied to analyze the expression levels of DEGs in HCC, including EPHX2 and its co-expressed genes. The R package was applied to draw the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and gene function enrichment analysis. The STRING database and GSEA software were used to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and gene set enrichment analysis. qPCR and GEO database were applied to verify the expression level of EPHX2 in HCC. In the present study, a total of 15 mitochondria-related DEGs were identified in HCC. The expression of EPHX2 in HCC was significantly decreased compared to the normal liver tissues (P < 0. 01). The expression of EPHX2 was related to gender, tumor stage and grade in HCC, but not associated with age, T stage, et al in HCC. Moreover, compared with the patients with lower expression of EPHX2, patients with higher expression of EPHX2 had a better prognosis. EPHX2 was associated with fatty acid degradation. In addition, PPI results indicated that HAO1, AGXT, ACOX1, GSTκ1, SCP-2, CAT, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, and CYP2J2 were co-expressed with EPXH2 in HCC. Furthermore, GSEA results showed that the group with lower expression of EPHX2 was positively correlated with the gene set of liver cancer cell proliferation and liver cancer recurrence. qPCR and GEO database results verified that the expression of EPHX2 was significantly decreased in HCC. The expression of EPHX2 was decreased in HCC, strongly suggesting that EPHX2 might function as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC. However, the potential mechanism of EPHX2 in HCC needs to be further verified.

Essential oil from Saussurea costus inhibits proliferation and migration of Eca109 cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and STAT3 signaling

Objective: To investigate the effect and its underlying molecular mechanisms of essential oil from Saussurea costus in esophageal cancer cell line Eca109. Methods: The chemical composition of essential oil from Saussurea costus was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects of essential oil from Saussurea costus against Eca109 cells were analyzed. Moreover, the expression of proteins associated with cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis was determined. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that essential oil from Saussurea costus was predominantly comprised of sesquiterpenes. Saussurea costus essential oil inhibited the viability of Eca109 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with IC 50 values of (24.29±1.49), (19.16±2.27) and (6.97±0.86) μg/mL at 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The expression levels of target proteins in the cell cycle (phase G 1 /S), including cyclin D1, p21, and p53, were affected by Saussurea costus essential oil. The essential oil also downregulated the expression of metastasis-related proteins MMP-9 and MMP-2. Moreover, it induced apoptosis of Eca109 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, as well as inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Conclusions: The essential oil from Saussurea costus exhibited anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, and apoptotic effects on Eca109 cells, and could be further explored as a potential anti-esophageal cancer agent.

Acupuncture for perimenopausal early-wake insomnia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for perimenopausal early-wake insomnia.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with perimenopausal early-wake insomnia were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped off, 2 cases were removed). In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 24+), Anmian (Extra), Hegu (LI 4), Shenmen (HT 7), Taichong (LR 3), Taixi (KI 3), etc., once every other day, 3 times a week. In the control group, oryzanol tablets were taken orally, 20 mg each time, 3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the sleep actigraphy (ACT) was used to measure the effective sleep time, sleep quality, wake-up time, wake-up frequency, each wake-up time, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score and early-wake score were compared in the two groups, and the clinical effect was assessed.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, compared before treatment, the effective sleep time was prolonged and the sleep quality was improved (P<0.05), the wake-up time, each wake-up time were shortened and wake-up frequency was decreased (P<0.05), the PSQI score and early-wake score were decreased (P<0.05) in the observation group. After treatment, the wake-up frequency, PSQI score and early-wake score were decreased in the control group (P<0.05). The effective sleep time, sleep quality, wake-up time, wake-up frequency, each wake-up time, PSQI score and early-wake score after treatment in the observation group were superior to the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 88.9% (24/27) in the observation group, which was higher than 38.5% (10/26) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can increase the effective sleep time and improve sleep quality in patients with perimenopausal early-wake insomnia.

A new antimicrobial isobenzoisofuran compound from Cassia pumila / 中国中药杂志

A new isobenzoisofuran(1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Cassia pumila using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex, MCI-gel resin, and RP-HPLC, and its structure was determined as 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-furo[3,4-g]chromen-6(8H)-one. This compound was also evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The results showed that it had prominent antibacterial activity with MIC_(90) value of(45.2±4.2) μg·mL~(-1) for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain. This value was closed to that of levofloxacin [with MIC_(90) value(48.5±4.3) μg·mL~(-1)].

The relationship between ABO blood group distribution of COVID-19 convalescents and the plasma antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2 / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To perform a statistical analysis of the ABO blood group distribution of COVID-19 convalescents, and further analyze the ABO blood group distribution in COVID-19 convalescents with different plasma antibody titer against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods:Convalescent plasma was collected from 150 patients aged 18-60 years old who had recovered from COVID-19. Convalescent plasma was collected 14 days later after patients discharged from hospital, and another 180 normal people in Wuhan city were served as healthy control group. Then we analyzed the relationship between age, gender and the ABO blood group distribution. We also tried to clarify the relationship between plasma antibody liter against SARS-CoV-2 and the ABO blood group distribution.Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the proportion of blood group B in COVID-19 convalescents was higher (36% vs 25.0%, χ 2=4.714, P<0.05). The ABO blood group distribution did not differ from male and female COVID-19 convalescents, while age affected the ABO blood group distribution of COVID-19 convalescents. Among the age group under 40 years old, the proportion of blood group B in COVID-19 convalescents was higher than that in the healthy control group (38.5% vs 25.0%, χ 2=5.264, P<0.05). The antibody titer against SARS-CoV-2 in 5.3% of the convalescent plasma was under 1:80. In the high antibody liter against SARS-CoV-2 group, the proportion of blood group B in COVID-19 convalescents was higher than that in the healthy control group (35.2% vs 25.0%, χ 2=3.979, P<0.05). Conclusions:COVID-19 convalescents with blood group B and age group under 40 years old have a higher proportions than that in the normal people. Part of the convalescents with lowantibody liter against SARS-CoV-2 didn’t meet the conditions for plasma donation. Convalescents with blood group B may be more suitable as plasma donators for the therapy of COVID-19.

Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.@*Methods@#A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( @*Results@#Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks.@*Conclusion@#Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

A new antiviral isoquinoline alkaloid from Thalictrum glandulosissimum / 中国中药杂志

A new isoquinoline alkaloid(1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Thalictrum glandulosissimum by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, sephadex, MCI-gel resin, and RP-HPLC, and its structure was determined as 1-(6-hydroxy-7-methylisoquinolin-1-yl) ethantone by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. This compound was evaluated for anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) activity. The results showed that it had prominent anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.4%. This rate was closed to that of positive control.

A new cytotoxic flavone from Cassia nomame / 中国中药杂志

A new flavone( 1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Cassia nomame by using various chromatographic techniques,including silica gel,Sephadex,MCI-gel resin,and RP-HPLC,and its structure was determined as 8,4'-dimethoxy-7-( 2-oxopropyl)-flavone based on spectroscopic data. The biological activity test showed that this compound displayed potent cytotoxicity against NB4,SH-SY5 Y,PC3,A549 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values 2. 2,1. 8,3. 4,4. 5 and 1. 6 μmol·L-1,respectively.

Elimination of PICC catheter refolding malposition by using the supporting guide wire / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the use of supporting guide wire to exclude the PICC catheter refolding malposition,and reduce the number of the catheter resetting and the average time of catheter resetting,while reducing the mechanicalness phlebitis and the incidence of symptomatic thrombosis. Methods A total of 3 513 patients who received PICC from September 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group (1 757 cases) and observation group (1 756 cases) by random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional B-ultrasound guided modified Sadinger technique PICC. After the observation group was finished on the basis of the control group, the support guide wire was partially withdrawn and re-sent, according to whether the guide wire was re-supplied or not, to determine whether the catheter has a partial fold in the body. The incidence of catheter refolding malposition, the number of reductions, the time of reduction, and the incidence of mechanicalness phlebitis and symptomatic thrombosis were compared between the two groups. Results The refolding malposition rate of the observation group and the control group were 0 and 3.47%(61/1 757), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=59.943, P＜0.01). Among the 74 patients in the observation group who underwent catheter resetting, 63 patients were reset≤1 times, 9 patients were reset twice, 2 patients were reset≥third;among the 61 patients in the control group who underwent catheter resetting, 24 patients were reset≤1 times, 6 patients were reset twice,31 patients were reset≥third,the number of the resetting in two groups were compared,the difference was statistically significant (χ2=42.712, P＜0.05). The average reset time of the observation group was (49.66 ± 25.45) s, and the average reset time of the control group was (610.41±206.23) s, the difference was statistically significant (t=18.636, P＜0.01).The incidence of mechanical phlebitis in the observation group and the control group were 1.31%(23/1 756) and 3.76%(66/1 757), respectively. The incidence of mechanical phlebitis in the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=20.241, P＜0.01). The incidence of symptomatic thrombosis in the observation group and the control group were 0.34% (6/1 756), 1.20% (21/1 757), respectively. The incidence of symptomatic thrombosis in the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.261, P＜0.05). Conclusions The use of the supportting guide wire to withdraw and re-feed during the catheterization process can effectively eliminate the PICC catheter refolding malposition, reduce the number of catheter reposition and the average reposition time, and reduce the incidence of mechanicalness phlebitis and symptomatic thrombosis. This method is simple and easy to use, it is worthy of clinical application.

Elimination of PICC catheter refolding malposition by using the supporting guide wire / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the use of supporting guide wire to exclude the PICC catheter refolding malposition,and reduce the number of the catheter resetting and the average time of catheter resetting,while reducing the mechanicalness phlebitis and the incidence of symptomatic thrombosis.@*Methods@#A total of 3 513 patients who received PICC from September 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into control group (1 757 cases) and observation group (1 756 cases) by random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional B-ultrasound guided modified Sadinger technique PICC. After the observation group was finished on the basis of the control group, the support guide wire was partially withdrawn and re-sent, according to whether the guide wire was re-supplied or not, to determine whether the catheter has a partial fold in the body. The incidence of catheter refolding malposition, the number of reductions, the time of reduction, and the incidence of mechanicalness phlebitis and symptomatic thrombosis were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The refolding malposition rate of the observation group and the control group were 0 and 3.47%(61/1 757), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=59.943, P<0.01). Among the 74 patients in the observation group who underwent catheter resetting, 63 patients were reset ≤1 times, 9 patients were reset twice, 2 patients were reset≥third; among the 61 patients in the control group who underwent catheter resetting, 24 patients were reset≤1 times, 6 patients were reset twice, 31 patients were reset≥third, the number of the resetting in two groups were compared,the difference was statistically significant(χ2=42.712, P<0.05). The average reset time of the observation group was (49.66±25.45) s, and the average reset time of the control group was (610.41±206.23) s, the difference was statistically significant (t=18.636, P<0.01).The incidence of mechanical phlebitis in the observation group and the control group were 1.31%(23/1 756) and 3.76%(66/1 757), respectively. The incidence of mechanical phlebitis in the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=20.241, P<0.01). The incidence of symptomatic thrombosis in the observation group and the control group were 0.34%(6/1 756), 1.20%(21/1 757), respectively. The incidence of symptomatic thrombosis in the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.261, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The use of the supportting guide wire to withdraw and re-feed during the catheterization process can effectively eliminate the PICC catheter refolding malposition, reduce the number of catheter reposition and the average reposition time, and reduce the incidence of mechanicalness phlebitis and symptomatic thrombosis. This method is simple and easy to use, it is worthy of clinical application.

A new naphthaldehyde derivative from Comastoma pulmonarium and its anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity / 中国中药杂志

A new naphthaldehyde derivative has been isolated from Comastoma pulmonarium by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel resin and RP-HPLC. This compounds was determined as 5-methoxy-2-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde(1) by NMR, MS, IR and UV spectra. This compound was also evaluated for its anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The result showed that it showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 32.8%. The inhibition rate is close to that of positive control (ningnanmycin).

A new isobenzofuranone derivative from Phlomis betonicoides and its antibacterial activity / 中国中药杂志

A new isobenzofuranone derivative has been isolated from Phlomis betonicoides by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel resin and RP-HPLC. This compound was determined as 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2-furo[3,4-]chromen-7(9)-one (1) by NMR, MS, IR and UV spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activity with an MIC₉₀ value of (58.4 ± 4.2) mg·L⁻¹ for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain [levofloxacin as a control with MIC₉₀ value of (52.8±4.6) mg·L⁻¹].

A new isoflavone derivative from Rosa Damascena and its antibacterial activity / 中国中药杂志

A new isoflavone derivative was isolated from Rosa damascena by using various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative RP-HPLC separation. Its structure was identified as 4'-hydroxy-7-(3-hydroxypropanoyl)-6-methoxy-isoflavone using combined examinations of their UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic data. Biological activity test showed that this compound showed prominent antibacterial activity with MIC₉₀ value of (46±4) mg·L⁻¹ for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strain. This value is close to that of levofloxacin [with MIC₉₀ value (53±5) mg·L⁻¹].

Contrast Researches of Liver Biopsy and Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the significance of liver biopsy and B ultrasonograpgy in the diagnosis of fatty liver. Methods The results of 62 patients with liver steatosis diagnosed by liver puncture biopsy but not by B-ultrasonograpgy were contrastively analyzed and combined with liver function, blood lipids, blood glucose, and body mass index. Results The 62 cases which were not diagnosed as fatty liver by B-ultrasonograpgy were proved to be 5％-33％liver steatosis after liver puncture biopsy. Among the 62 cases, 23 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo did not see abnormalities, 18 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 17 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced and 4 cases were diffuse liver damage,which respectively were 37.01％、29.03％、27.42％and 6.45％. Pathologically it indicated that 45 cases were 5％≤liver steatosis≤19％. Among the 45 cases, 18 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo was not seen abnormalities, 8 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 17 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced, and 2 cases were diffuse liver damage, and the change of ultrasound was mainly showed by the liver parenchyma echo not seen abnormalities and the enhanced liver parenchyma echo density. Pathologically it indicated that 17 cases were 20％≤liver steatosis≤33％, 6 cases were indicated by the B-ultrasonograpgy that the liver parenchyma echo did not see abnormalities, 5 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo slightly was enlarged, 5 cases showed the liver parenchyma echo density was a bit enhanced, and 1 case was diffuse liver damage, and the change of ultrasound was mainly showed by the liver parenchyma echo not seen abnormalities, the slightly enlarged liver parenchyma echo and the enhanced liver parenchyma echo density. By analyzing the influence to the ultrasound changes by patients' liver function, body mass index, blood fat and blood sugar, and with logistic regression analysis through a disorderly classification, it was found that the larger value of the glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, body mass index, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the higher possibility of diffuse liver damage, and the higher level of fatty degeneration, the higher possibility of diffuse liver damage. Conclusion In the diagnosis of fatty liver, when the fatty degeneration is below 1/3, B-ultrasonic examination can't show characteristic changes of fatty liver. It should be closely observed or take liver puncture biopsy to make a definite diagnosis of fatty liver.

Overexpression of TCF2 ameliorates insulin resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effects of transcription factor 2(TCF2) overexpression on insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with high concentration of insulin(1×10-8mol/L) for 24 hours to induce insulin resistance (IR). Cells were divided into four groups:control group,IR group,IR+vector group and IR+TCF2 overexpression group. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expres-sion of TCF2. Glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis were assayed by glucose oxidase method and anthrone method respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were detected by colorimetry. The protein level of IRS-1 and GLUT4 was detected by Western blot.Results Com-pared with control group,the decreased glucose consumption was observed in IR group(P＜0.05),indicating that insulin-resistance model was established successfully. The mRNA and protein expression of TCF2 was remarkably down-regulated in IR group as compared with control group. Compared with IR group,overexpression of TCF2 sig-nificantly improved glucose consumption, liver glycogen content, and the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase (P＜0.05). Moreover,TCF2 overexpression up-regulated the protein expression of IRS-1 and GLUT4 (P＜0.05).Conclusions TCF2 overexpression ameliorates insulin resistance of HepG2 cells.

Serum levels of interleukin-38 and interleukin-1β in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of serum cytokines, interleukin-38 (IL-38) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) in children and the association of IL-38 and IL-1β with inflammatory response in the acute phase and the development of coronary artery lesion (CAL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 children with KD who were hospitalized in the hospital between July 2015 and June 2016 were enrolled, with 21 children in the CAL group and 19 in the non-CAL (NCAL) group. Thirty healthy children and 19 children with infection and pyrexia, who were matched for sex and age, were enrolled as healthy control group and pyrexia control group respectively. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of IL-38 and IL-1β in the 40 children in the acute phase of KD. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlations of IL-1β and IL-38 with interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum level of IL-38 in the children in the acute phase of KD was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05), but significantly higher than that in the pyrexia control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of IL-38 between the CAL and NCAL groups (P>0.05). The children in the acute phase of KD had a significantly higher level of IL-1β than the healthy control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between this group and the pyrexia control group (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the level of IL-1β between the CAL and NCAL groups (P>0.05). Serum IL-1β and IL-38 levels were not correlated with serum levels of CRP, ESR, PCT, IL-6, and NT-ProBNP or blood lipids (TG and TC) (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-38 is involved in an inflammatory response in the acute phase of KD and may exert an anti-inflammatory effect, which is opposite to the effect of IL-1β to promote inflammatory response. However, there is no significant correlation between these two cytokines and the development of CAL in KD.</p>