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ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for persistent low-level viremia (LLV) in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients receiving long-term entecavir antiviral therapy. MethodsThe CHB patients who received entecavir antiviral therapy for at least one year in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from November 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled as subjects, and according to HBV DNA load at the end of the observation period, the patients were divided into LLV group and sustained virological response (SVR) group. Demographic features and laboratory markers were observed for all patients. The independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for LLV in patients receiving long-term entecavir treatment. ResultsA total of 560 CHB patients were enrolled, with 204 in the LLV group and 356 in the SVR group. There were significant differences between the two groups in age (Z=-3.530, P＜0.001), sex (χ2=4.270, P=0.039), presence or absence of liver cirrhosis (χ2=53.879, P＜0.001), medication compliance (χ2=5.326, P=0.021), HBeAg positive rate (χ2=90.681, P＜0.001), baseline HBV DNA load before treatment (Z=-8.337, P＜0.001), baseline HBsAg quantification (Z=-10.472, P＜0.001), and medication type (χ2=7.558, P=0.006). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline HBeAg status before treatment (odds ratio ［OR］=3.381, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.985-5.756, P＜0.001), HBV DNA load before treatment (OR=1.223, 95%CI: 1.050-1.424, P=0.010), and HBsAg quantification before treatment (OR=2.448, 95%CI: 1.743-3.438, P＜0.001) were risk factors for LLV in long-term entecavir antiviral therapy. ConclusionIn clinical practice, CHB patients with high HBV DNA load, high HBsAg quantification, and positive HBeAg tend to have a high risk of LLV even after long-term entecavir antiviral therapy. Therefore, such population should be taken seriously with the dynamic monitoring of HBsAg quantification, HBV DNA load, and HBeAg status.
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Objective To investigate whether myricetin (Myr) exert protective effects on acute lung injury induced by LPS and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods A total of 72 mice were divided into the control group, model group, myricetin group and active group, 18 in each group. Male BALB/c mice of the myricetin were given an intragastric injection of Myr (50 mg/kg), and the active group dexamethasone (Dex, 5 mg/kg) 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. While the other groups were given the same volum saline. 24 hours after LPS exposure, mice were sacrificed and various samples were collected for further analysis. Both levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA kits. The numbers of total cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in the BALF were also determined using differential leukocyte cell count method. The phosphorylations of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and IκB were further detected by western blot analysis. Results Compared with the model group, the levels of macrophages and neutrophils in BALF in the myricetin and active groups significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the total protein and W/D ratio of the lung tissue significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of TNF-α (5.47 ± 2.54 pg/ml, 4.19 ± 0.50 pg/ml vs. 15.28 ± 1.27 pg/ml), IL-1β(336.20 ± 41.06 pg/ml, 247.99 ± 25.12 pg/ml vs. 464.88 ± 34.51pg/ml), the MPO (0.74 ± 0.12 U/g, 0.61 ± 0.08 U/g vs. 1.66 ± 0.07U/g) in the myricetin and active groups significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of p-IκB/IκB (0.61 ± 0.01, 0.59 ± 0.01 vs. 0.95 ± 0.01), p-NF-κB/NF-κB (0.54 ± 0.01, 0.59 ± 0.03 vs. 0.96 ± 0.02) of the lung tissue in the myricetin and active groups significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusions Collectively, these findings revealed that Myr may alleviate the LPS-induced acute lung injury via relief of inflammatory reactions associated with blockage of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective To study the effect of ginsenoside Rb1(Rb1) and total saponin of dipsacus asper(tSDA) on intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) mediated by β-amyloid protein(A β).So as to lay a foundation for developing effective Chinese traditional medicine to treat Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods The technique of laser scanning confocal microscopy combining primary cultured neurons was adopted to quantitatively analyze the change of [Ca2+]i.Results The [Ca2+]i of primary cultured hippocampal neurons was (185.76±56.22)nmol*L-1 on basal levels.Control group showed obvious change of calcium vibration,[Ca2+]i was elevated to (1383.78±62.83)nmol*L-1.The peak of [Ca2+]i of Rb1 group reached (311.95±32.67)nmol*L-1 and was lower than that of control group (P＜0.01).The tSDA group displayed distinct change of calcium vibration too,and [Ca2+]i reached (358.01±35.42)nmol*L-1.There was a significant difference in [Ca2+]i between control and tSDA group (P＜0.01).Conclusion The research indicated that one of mechanisms by which Rb1 and tSDA protected the neurons was to maintain the balance of [Ca2+]i.
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Objective: To build an extraction method of ferulic acid from Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort.Methods: The solvent varieties, polarities, and extraction methods were systematically studied by HPLC with ferulic acid as marker.Results: The more effective way to extract ferulic acid from Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort was effluent extraction with 8 times amount of 40% alcohol under reflux for three hours.Conclusion: The solvent varieties and extraction method showed greater effects than others on the extraction efficiency of ferulic acid.
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Objective: To build an extraction method of coumarins from Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Methods: The solvent varieties, polarities, and extraction methods were systematically studied by TLC with imperatorin as marker.Results: The more effective way to extract coumarins from Radix Angelicae Dahurica was refluent extraction with 4 times amount of 95% alcohol twice (one hour each time).Conclusion: The Solvent varieties and extraction method showed greater effects than others on the extraction efficiency of imperatorin.
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AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of ligustilide in the volatile oil from Angelica Sinensis(Oliv.) Diels in the rabbit. METHODS: HPLC method for ligustilide determination in the blood was developed.The HPLC system consisted of C_(18) column using MeOH-H_2O(65∶35,v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 236 nm. RESULTS: Linear calibration curves were obtained over the concentration range of 0.40 ?g?mL~(-1)～10.00 ?g?mL~(-1) for ligustilide.The minimum limit detection was 0.40 ?g?mL~(-1).The recovery of ligusitilide in blood was 90.90% with RSD 2.74%. CONCLUSION: After oral administration of volatile oil,intracorporal process of ligustilide in rabbit accords with 2-compartment model with 1 st order absorption,(2.6638) h and 108.88 h are obtained as t_(1/2?) and t_(1/2?) respectively.
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AIM: To establish an extraction of alkaloid from Cortex Phellodendri METHODS : Taking berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride in Cortex Phellodendri as evaluating index determined by the HPLC,the effects of different solvents,extraction time,and extraction models on extraction rate of the berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride were systematically investigated. Berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride in Cortex Phellodendri from different sources were also involved. RESULTS : The ultrasound extraction with hydrochloric acid-methanol (1∶100) up to 20min was more effective. CONCLUSION : The kinds of solvent and models of extraction have a great influence upon the extracting efficiency of berberine hydrochloride and plamatine hydrochloride.
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Objective: To determine the content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in Macleaya microcarpa(Maxim) Fedde. Methods: RP-HPLC was adopted, kromasil C 18 column (150mm?4.6mm.5?m) with a mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1%(V/V) phosphoric acid solution(25∶75) by UV detector at 270nm. Results: The average recoveries of chelerythrine and sanguinarine were 90.2%,92.8%,RSD were 1.5%,2.4% respectively. Conclusion: A simple, rapid and sensitive method with good precision was established.
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AIM: To establish an extraction method of emodin from Radix polygoni multiflori . METHODS: Emodin in Radix polygoni multiflori was taken as an evaluating marker and determined by HPLC, the effects of different solvents and extraction models on extraction ratio of the emodin were systematically investigated. And also the orthogonal test was further used to optimize extracting conditions. RESULTS: The refluent extraction with 80% alcohol as much as seven times of the medicine amount for 2hs and twice was more effective. CONCLUSION: The kinds of solvent and models of extraction have a great influence upon the extracting efficiency of emodin.
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Objective: To establish an extraction of paeoniflorin from Radix Paeoniae Alba as traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: The paeoniflorin in Radix Paeoniae Alba was taken as a evaluating marker and was determined by HPLC, the effects of different solvents and extraction on extraction efficiency of the paeoniflorin were systematically investigated. And also the orthogonal test was further used to optimize the extracting conditions. Results: The reflux extraction with 80% ethanol seven times as much as the Radix Paeoniae Alba amount for 2 h and twice was more effective. Conclusion: The kinds of solvent and method of extraction have a great influence upon the extracting efficiency of paeoniflorin.
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Objective To compare the specificities of the cell membrane stationary phases(CMSP) with cell membrane chromatography(CMC).Methods Cell chromatographic columns were constructed for both rat aorta tissue cells and cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells.Then the chromatographic affinities of ten ligands of ?-adrenergic receptor(?-AR) with both said chromatographic columns were investigated.Capacity factors(k'),as a chromatographic parameter,were calculated.Results The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the rat aorta tissue CMSP and the cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cell CMSP,with correlation factor of r=0.923,P
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For controlling the quality of sea buckthornoil, a reversed phase-high performance liquid chro-matography (RP-HPLC) method was establishedto determine the a-Tocopherol contents. Aftersaponated, the sea buckthorn oil samples were ex-tracted by ethyl ether. The extraction liquid wascondensed and tben dissolved in anhydreousethanol for liquid chromatographic analysis. Chro-matographic conditions were as follows: ZORBAXODS column (4. 6 ? 150 mm); methanol as mobilephase (1. 0 ml/min); the wavelength of UV detec-tor: 280 nm. Three branches of sea buckthornseed oil and three branches of fruit oil which wereproduced by Yongshou County, Shaanxi Provincewere determined. The average contents of a-Toco-pherol were 989 mg/kg, and 1745 mg/kg, respec-tively. The recoveries of this method were 98. 6%(for seed oil), 102. 2% (for fruit oil) with CV lessthan 5. 44%.