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Central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)is a common retinal vascular disease that severely affects visual acuity. Currently, ranibizumab, aflibercept and dexamethasone implant have been successful in treating macular edema associated with CRVO. However, there were still 1/3 patients with no significant improvement in vision after treatment, 30.7% patients with macular edema subsiding after treatment but recurring, and 28.1% patients with macular edema persisting after treatment. How to determine the prognosis of patients by their different clinical manifestations at the early stage of disease onset can help clinicians to better select treatment options for patients according to their specific disease conditions. Recent studies on the prognosis of CRVO treatment have focused on imaging markers including disorganization of retinal inner layers, retinal hyperreflective foci, subretinal fluid, ischemic index, leakage index, and biomarkers including VEGF, interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, etc. This article reviews the progress of research on factors related to the prognosis of CRVO, with the aim of treating, managing and monitoring patients with CRVO more precisely and effectively.
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@#【Objective】To investigate the differential effects of B/C genotype hepatitis B virus on hepatitis B associat⁃ ed nephritis in different ALT states.【Methods】We retrospectively analysized 558 patients with hepatitis B virus associat⁃ ed glomerulonephritis in The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. All the selected patients have complete medical records and had undergone renal histopathology. Laboratory tests included：ALT，NAG，Cr，GFR，hepatitis B virus load and genotypes.【Results】We found genotype B and genotype C hepatitis B virus associated glomerulone nephritis was mainly diffuse membrane hypertrophic nephropathy（57.9% vs. 54.4%），followed by capillary hyperplastic glomerulonephritis （25.3% vs. 28.0%），and focal segment glomerulonephritis（9.7% vs. 9.0%）. Mesenteric hyperplastic lesions（7.1% vs. 8.6%）were rare. In the ALT normal group，B/C genotype hepatitis B virus had no differential effect on renal function （P > 0.05）. In the ALT ≥ double upper limit of normal group，blood creatinine，blood urea nitrogen，24 h urine protein quantification，urine N-acetyl- β-D-glucosidase，and urine β2 microglobulin significantly increased（P < 0.05）.Glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased（P < 0.05）in the genotype C hepatitis B-related glomerulonephritis group compared with the genotype B group. In the ALT normal group genotype B/C hepatitis B virus had no differential effect on the stage of chronic kidney disease（P > 0.05）. But in the ALT ≥ double upper limit of normal group，compared with genotype B，chronic kidney disease staging tends to be worse in the genotype C hepatitis B associated nephritis（χ 2 = 11.144，P = 0.025）.【Conclusion】Comparative analysis of the differential effects of different genotype hepatitis B virus on hepatitis B-associated nephritis will help to diagnose and treat hepatitis B-associated nephritis.
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AIM: To measure the macular thickness of normal young people by 3D 1000 optical coherence tomography (OCT) and study the repeatability of measuring results and the relationship between the thicknesses of macular and gender. At the same time, to compare our result with the data of other types of OCT, and to understand the consistency of the measuring results of macular thickness of different types of OCT. METHODS: Totally 222 eyes in 111 young people were detected using 3D scan mode of Topcon 3D OCT 1000 (ver 2.4 ) . Twelve cases ( 24 eyes ) underwent repeatability check. We took transverse comparison between our measured results with other research's results. RESULTS: There were 111 cases of young people, whose age were from 18-27 years old, all uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were≥1. 0, all intraocular pressure were CONCLUSION:The repeatability of macular examination is good. The central macular thickness can be better repeated than the center thickness. The central macular thickness is 229. 00±18. 20μm in young people, according to the 3D 1000 OCT measurements. There are statistical difference of central macular thickness between different genders.
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Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are crucial for studying the mechanism and regulation of vasogenic response, but so far no ideal method has been reported for their isolation. We established a VMSC isolation method based on two-step digestion, with which a large population of single smooth muscle cells could be obtained. After cell isolation, the potassium current, cytosolic calcium concentration, reactivity to caffeine were measured, and the results demonstrated that the cells were highly viable and exhibited reactivity to the vascular constrictor to meet various needs in experimental research.