Prevalence and characteristics of comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea in community population / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analysis the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid insomnia and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in community population.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling was applied. Community residents in Shantou and Meizhou were investigated during April to May, 2021. Essential information collection, sleep related health investigation, and sleep study were conducted. Insomnia was defined as the insomnia severity index (ISI)≥8. A type Ⅳ wearable intelligent sleep monitor was applied for sleep study. Comorbid insomnia and SDB was defined as both diagnosis of insomnia and SDB. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 25. Prevalence and characteristics of insomnia only, SDB only and comorbid insomnia and SDB were analyzed. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and unrestored sleep, abnormal glucose metabolism, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease.Results:There were 3 730 residents completed the investigation. The median age was 55.0 (46.0, 63.0) years. The prevalence of insomnia only, SDB only, and comorbid insomnia and SDB were 26.0%, 20.2%, and 10.4% respectively. The incidence of unrestored sleep in insomnia only and comorbid insomnia and SDB were 2.900 times and 3.777 times of that in no insomnia or SDB (both P<0.001); the risk of hyperlipidemia was elevated in insomnia only, SDB only and comorbid insomnia and SDB ( OR=1.553, 1.415, and 1.868; all P<0.05); the risk of cardiovascular disease increased 40.8% in SDB only ( P=0.001), and 42.1% in comorbid insomnia and SDB ( P=0.007), after adjusted by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, abnormal glucose metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. Stratified analysis revealed that young female (age<60 years) with normal BMI (<25 kg/m 2) and comorbid insomnia and SDB were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Female with normal body weight and insomnia only or comorbid insomnia and SDB were associated with higher risk of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions:The prevalence of comorbid insomnia and SDB is high in community population. Patients with comorbid insomnia and SDB present with more significant unrestored sleep, and are correlated with higher risk of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Cathepsin C Interacts with TNF-α/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway to Promote Proliferation and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Although cathepsin C (CTSC) has been reported to maintain malignant biological properties in various cancers, its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. We aimed to investigate the potential role of CTSC in HCC. @*Materials and Methods@#HCC tissue microarrays (n=122) were employed to analyze the correlation between CTSC expression and clinicopathological characteristics through immunohistochemistry staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays, xenograft mice model were adopted to validate what had been indicated by the bioinformatic web tools. @*Results@#By bioinformatic tools and tissue microarrays, CTSC was found upregulated in HCC compared with normal liver tissues, and its higher expression was correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients (hazard ratio, 2.402; 95% confidence interval, 1.493 to 3.865; p < 0.001). By gain/loss-of-function assays, we implicated that CTSC functioned as an oncogene to promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that CTSC was involved in several cancer-related signaling pathways by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, among which tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)/p38 pathway was verified to be activated by CTSC. Furthermore, we found that TNF-α could activate CTSC expression in a concentration- dependent manner. Ralimetinib, an oral p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor could inhibit CTSC expression. These indicated a potential positive feedback loop between CTSC and TNF-α/MAPK (p38) signaling. @*Conclusion@#Taken together, CTSC plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of HCC and may be a promising therapeutic target upon HCC.

Correlation between color and content of eight components of Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest time / 中国中药杂志

This research is to establish an HPLC method for determination of geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, p-trans-coumaroylgenipin gentiobioside, chlorogenic acid, crocin-Ⅰ, crocin-Ⅱ and crocin-Ⅲ in Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest time. The detection wavelength was 238, 320 and 440 nm. Principal component analysis(PCA), correlation analysis, regression analysis and partial least squares(PLS) analysis were used to explore the relationship of color and content of eight components in Gardeniae Fructus. The result showed that the trend of the eight components in Gardeniae Fructus at harvest time in different three years was varied similarly. According to the variation of eight components at different harvest time, the mature and immaturate Gardeniae Fructus were discriminated. The content of crocin-Ⅰwas correlated positively with a~* of color significance. The redder color of Gardeniae Fructus showed the higher value of a~* and content of crocin-Ⅰ, indicating the better quality of Gardeniae Fructus. This method provided reference for justifying the color and quality of Gardeniae Fructus and scientific evidence for "assessing quality by distinguishing color".

Histomorphological Identification of Nandina domestica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Histomorphological study of the Nandinae Radix, Nandinae Caulis, Nandinae Folium, Nandinae Fructus were conducted to provide the basis for the identification of its authenticity and falsehood. Method::The origin and macroscopic identification were used to describe the plant morphology and the appearance characteristics of all medicinal parts. The microscopic characteristics of the medicinal parts, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, were observed and photographed by paraffin section and powder preparation techniques. Result::It was found that the morphological characteristics of the original plant were consistent with the descriptions in herbaceous books. There was no pith on the cross-section of roots. In the transverse section of stems, there were intermittent circular fiber bundles in the cortex and a cap-shaped fibrous bundle in the inner part of the xylem. In the transverse section of the leaves, the palisade tissue was wider and the fiber bundles around the main vascular bundles formed a ring. In the transverse section of petiole, the fiber bundles were arranged intermittently into rings. In the transverse section of fruit, multi-layered sclereids formed a ring in the mesocarp. The powder characteristics of root and stem mainly contained crystalliferous sclereids. There were crystal sheath fibers and stomatal infinitive in the leaf powder, and pollen grains in the flower powder, with 3-hole grooves, obvious reticulate engraving pattern in the outer wall and more reticulate cells. There were a large number of branched sclereids and calcium oxalate square crystals in the fruit powder. Conclusion::The above-mentioned morphological and microscopic features have identification significance, and provide scientific basis for the authenticity identification, the quality standard and the utilization of resources of Nandina domestica.

Effect of Wumeiwan on Intestinal Microflora, Inflammatory Factor and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the effects of Wumeiwan on blood glucose, intestinal microflora, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and dietary fiber fermented by intestinal microflora in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. Method::Totally 80 SD clean rats were selected as experimental subjects, and 10 of them were randomly selected as the normal group. The remaining 70 rats were given high-sugar and high-fat emulsion for 8 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg·kg-1) to establish the rat model of T2DM. The fasting blood glucose higher than 11.10 mmol·L-1 was considered as a successful model. The rats that were not successfully modeled were removed, and the remaining rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into model group, metformin group, high-dose Wumeiwan group, medium-dose Wumeiwan group and low-dose Wumeiwan group, with 10 rats in each group. Normal group and model group received (ig) normal saline (20 mL·kg-1·d-1), while metformin group (ig metformin 200 mg·kg-1·d-1), Wumeiwan high, medium and low dose groups (ig Wumeiwan 20, 10, and 5 g·kg-1·d-1) received corresponding drugs respectively. Blood glucose and body weight of rats were monitored regularly before and after administration of the drugs. Blood and feces were collected after four weeks of administration.16S-rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used for gene sequencing of intestinal flora. Enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-10 in rats, and the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in feces were detected by gas chromatography. Result::As compared with the normal group, the body weight decreased significantly (P<0.01). Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridium increased, Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Lactobacillus decreased, fasting blood glucose and serum TNF-α levels increased significantly (P<0.01), IL-10 level decreased (P<0.01), and the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid of short-chain fatty acids decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01) in model group. As compared with the model group, the body weight decreased; Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides and Clostridium decreased. Firmicutes, DeltaProteobacteria and Lactobacillus increased; fasting blood glucose and serum TNF-α decreased (P<0.01), and IL-10 increased (P<0.01), contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid increased in Wumeiwan high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups and metformin group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Wumeiwan may prevent and treat T2DM by regulating intestinal flora, improving inflammatory response, increasing SCFAs content and reducing blood glucose.

Spectrum-effect Relationship of Choleretic Effect of Gardeniae Fructus Extract Based on Principal Component Analysis and Gray Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effective substance of the choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus，and analyze the relationships between its choleretic effect and the HPLC fingerprint chromatogram. Method:HPLC method was applied to establish the fingerprint chromatography of 8 batches of Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest periods. The flow，the content of bile acid，bilirubin and cholesterol in bile were tested，and then the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the total choleretic effects of Gardeniae Fructus. After the relationships between the relative peak area of the common peaks and the choleretic effects were explored using grey relationship analysis method，the spectrum-effect relationship of Gardeniae Fructus was established. Result:The order of the contribution of the chemical components to the choleretic effect at the common peaks was as follow（r>0.8）：P9>P14>P26>P4>P30>P6>P1>P10>P5>P24. Among all peaks，the full wavelength scanning results implied that the peaks 9，14 and 4 might be iridoids, and the peaks 26，30 and 24 might be crocins. By comparing with the standard substances，the peak 9 was finally identified as geniposide. Conclusion:The choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus may be the results of multiple components and pathways，and the main components in Gardeniae Fructus with the choleretic effect was from geniposide. In conclusion，these results provide a reference for investigating the material basis of choleretic effect of Gardeniae Fructus.

Effect of Wendantang on PI3K,Akt and GSK3β of Hippocampus in Rats with Schizophrenia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To research the effect of Wendantang on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) signaling pathway of hippocampus in rats with schizophrenia. Method: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided six groups:normal group (A), model group (B), Clozapine group (C), high-dosage group Wendantang (D), medium-dosage Wendantang group (E) and low-dosage Wendantang group (F), with 10 rats in each group. The rats of normal group and model group were given normal saline. The rats of Clozapine group were given 20 mg·kg-1 Clozapine. The rats of high-dosage, medium-dosage, low-dosage Wendantang groups were respectively given 40,20,10 g·kg-1 Wendantang, once a day, for 21 days.Two hours later after the last administration with Wendantang or saline,except for group A, groups B,C,D,E,F were intraperitoneally given MK-801 0.6 mg·kg-1 to establish the rat schizophrenia model. After modeling, the changes in stereotyped behavior of each group were observed and recorded. After three days,the rats were put to death,and the hippocampus tissue were tested. According to Sams Dodd and Hoffman's standard, the stereotyped behavior of rats was scored. The protein expressions of PI3K, Akt and GSK3β of hippocampus were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt and GSK3β of hippocampus were tested by Real-time PCR. Result: Compared with A, the stereotyped behavior score of the B was significantly increased (Pβ protein and mRNA of hippocampus were significantly decreased (PPβ protein and PI3K, Akt and GSK3β mRNA of hippocampus (PPConclusion: Wendantang could regulate the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway by improving the stereotyped behavior and increasing the expressions of PI3K, Akt, GSK3β of hippocampus in rats with schizophrenia, so as to achieve the purpose of treating schizophrenia.

Seminal plasma anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B and serum inhibin B in predicting the outcome of routine IVF fertilization / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the correlations of seminal plasma (sp) anti-Müllerian hormone (spAMH) and inhibin B (spINHB) and serum INHB (serINHB) with semen parameters in oligoasthenospermia patients and explore their value in predicting the outcome of routine in vitro fertilization (IVF).@*METHODS@#We obtained the levels of spAMH, spINHB and serINHB as well as semen parameters from 88 infertile males undergoing IVF due to oligoasthenospermia or female uterine tubal factors from August 2016 to February 2017. Using the ROC curve and Pearson's correlation analysis, we examined the effects of the obtained parameters on the fertilization rate and assessed the correlation of the levels of spAMH, spINHB and serINHB with the semen parameters of the patients.@*RESULTS@#Concerning the predictive value for the outcome of IVF, Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of spAMH was 0.807 (sensitivity = 84.6%, specificity = 76%, cut-off point = 3.529, P <0.001) and that of spINHB was 0.768 (sensitivity = 84.6%, specificity = 88.7%, cut-off point = 31.117, P = 0.002). The serINHB level was found positively correlated with sperm concentration (r = 0.346, P = 0.001), total sperm count (r = 0.378, P <0.001), sperm motility (r = 0.521, P <0.001), and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (r = 0.343, P = 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The levels of spAMH and spINHB can be used as laboratory indexes to predict the fertilization rate of routine IVF and are correlated with semen parameters in oligoasthenospermia patients, while that of serINHB has a positive correlation with the semen parameters of the patients.

Histomorphological study on folk medicine Lysimachia fortunei / 中国中药杂志

To set standards for histomorphological studies on Lysimachia fortunei, an efficacious and widely applied folk medicine in this study, in order to develop its resources. Its species were identified by observing plant morphology and herbs appearance characters, preparing slices with routine methods and defining structural characters. According to the results of morphologic observation, leaves, stamen and pistil of this plant were different from the descriptions in Flora of China. The whole herb can be used in medicines, mainly including rhizomes, stems and leaves. According to the findings in the first study on microscopic structures, its rhizomes, stems and leaves were characteristic and worth identifying. The transaction tissue structures of rhizomes and stems were under developed and contained endodermis, secretory structures; Stems had sclerenchymata of different shapes of sclereids; Leaves were bifacial and had vascular bundles under midribs, which were surrounded by parenchymal sheathes. On the surface of leaves, stomata, glandular hairs and keratin lines were morphologically different in upper and lower epidermis. The herbal power had glandular hairs, sclereids and vessels. In conclusion, herbs of L. fortunei can be identified by the above histomorphological characteristics, which lays a foundation for further development and application of L. fortunei.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of combined Chinese medicine and Western medicine for ischemic stroke patients / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combining Chinese medicine (CM) with Western medicine (WM) for ischemic stroke patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hospitalization summary reports between 2006 and 2010 from eight hospitals in Beijing were used to analyze the length of stay (LOS), cost per stay (CPS), and outcomes at discharge.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 12,009 patients (female, 36.44%; mean age, 69.98±13.06 years old), a substantial number of patients were treated by the WM_Chinese patent medicine (CPM)_Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) (38.90%); followed by the WM_CPM (32.55%), the WM (24.26%), and the WM_CHM (4.15%). With adjustment for confounding variables, LOS of the WM_CPM_CHM group was about 10 days longer than that of the WM group, and about 6 days longer than that of the WM_CPM group or the WM_CHM group (P<0.01); CPS of the WM_CPM_CHM group was United States dollar (USD) 1,288 more than that of the WM group, and about USD 600 more than that of the WM_CPM group or the WM_CHM group (P<0.01). Compared with the WM group, odd ratio (OR) of recovered and improved outcome of the WM_CPM_CHM group was the highest [OR: 12.76, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 9.23, 17.64, P<0.01], OR of death outcome of the WM_CPM_CHM group was the lowest (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.12, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between LOS, CPS and OR of the WM_CPM group and those of the WM_CHM group (P>0.05). Cost/effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the WM_CPM_CHM group were robustly higher than those of the WM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with WM alone, supplementing CPM and CHM to WM provides significant health benefits of improving the chance of recovered and improved outcome, and reducing the death rate, at an expense of longer LOS and higher CPS.</p>

miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate whether miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα, thus to reveal the molecular mechanism that miR-216b functions as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PKCα 3'UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-216b on luciferase activity. Nasopharyngeal cancer CNE2 cells were transfected with miR-216b mimics, and then qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of PKCa mRNA and protein. The effects of PKCα downregulation on cell proliferation and invasion were assessed after PKCα siRNA were transfected into CNE2 cells. CNE2 cells were cotransfected with miR-216b mimics and PKCα plasmid, and the proliferation of CNE2 cells was assayed using a MTS cell proliferation assay kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-216b could bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PKCα and inhibited the luciferase activity to 62.4% of that of the mimics control cells. The expressions of PKCα mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated by 49.1% and 55.7%, respectively, in comparison with that of the control cells. siRNA-mediated downregulation of PKCα suppressed the proliferation and invasion ability of CNE2 cells, and could partially mimic the tumor-inhibiting effect of miR-216b. Moreover, the overexpressed PKCα may partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-216b on proliferation of CNE2 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-216b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PKCα in NPC cells.</p>

Clinical analysis of nimotuzumab plus cisplatin and fluorouracil regimen as induction treatment in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A phase II study was conducted to test the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of cisplatin, 5-Fu and nimotuzumab, as induction treatment of resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty cases of resectable HNSCC were treated with nimotuzumab (400 mg on day 1) combined with PF regimens (cisplatin 75 mg/m² on days 1 and 5-Fu 750 mg/m² on days 1-5 q3wks). After 2 cycles, an organ-preservation local therapy (surgery or radiotherapy) was recommended. The primary endpoints of this study were overall response rate, pathologic complete response and safety of the induction treatment. Mean age of 40 patients was 54 years old, of them 9 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (22.5%), 16 hypopharyngeal cancer (40.0%), 10 laryngeal cancer (25.0%), and 5 oral cancer (12.5%).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With a 2-cycle induction treatment, 34 (85.0%) patients achieved complete or partial response. Twenty-four patients (60.0%) got downstage, with T downstage in 21 (52.5%) patients and N downstage in 8 (20.0%) patients. Totally 27 patients got surgery after the induction treatment, of them 20 patients (74.1%) preserved organ functions. Four patients' primary tumors (10.0% in all 40 patients and 14.8% in operated 27 patients) showed pathologically complete responses. The toxicity was mild and manageable. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (5.0%), nausea/vomiting (2.5%), stomatitis (2.5%) and thrombocytopenia (2.5%). One patient got grade 2 renal insufficiency and one patient got grade 1 skin rash.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For resectable HNSCC, nimotuzumab plus PF regimen as induction treatment is highly effective for preserving the organ function and the toxicities are well tolerable.</p>

Progress in individual identification of burned bones / 法医学杂志

The burned bone DNA test have became more and more important in identifying the individuals and paternity involved in the fire, explosion disasters as well as burn corpse crimes. As an important genetic marker system, STR has been widely used in forensic individual identification, paternity test and other fields. In this article, the influence of burned temperature and time to STR typing was reviewed, the choice of STR locus and DNA extraction methods were discussed about burned bones.

The change of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system on myocardial ischemic preconditioning in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the varies and effects of ischemic preconditioning of myocardium on every part of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system in rats in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON group (n = 6), IP group (n = 12) and I/R group (n = 12). Surgical procedure included intermittent left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. After the procedure, the hearts were extracted. We analyzed the infarct size by TTC staining, measured serum myocardial enzymes, studied the beta-AR Bmax and KD by radioligand binding assay of receptors (RAB), and checked the activity of AC and the content of cAMP by radioimmunoassay (RIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Infarct area were much smaller in IP group than in I/R group (P < 0.05). CK, CK-MB, LDH were significantly higher in I/R group (P < 0.01). The Bmax of beta-AR in IP group were much higher than in I/R group (P < 0.01). No difference of KD could be seen between IP and I/R group. In IP group, the activity of AC and the content of cAMP were higher than I/R group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ischemic preconditioning can protect the heart from necrosis and reduce endo-enzyme leakage. Ischemic preconditioning can increase the density of beta-AR, the activity of AC and the content of cAMP, which shows that the system of adrenergic receptor-adenyl cyclase system probably takes part in the protection of IP.</p>

Preparation of anti-gastric cancer monoclonal antibody with daunorubicin methotrexate conjugate and its cytotoxiciy to gastric cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

It is first time to use dextren T-40 oxidative method to conjugate anti-gastric cancer mono-colonal antibody(McAb)with anti-tumor medicines of daunorubicin(DNR)and methotrexate(MTX)together.Cytotoxicity of conjugates was measured by MTT method and ~3H-TdR incor-poration method respectively.Both sensitivity is similar.The results have showed that this conju-gate exhibited selective cytotoxicity on human gastric cancer cells in vitro.