Role of Bcl-2 adenovirus/E1B 19kD interacting protein 3 in oligodendrocyte apoptosis after diffuse axonal injury / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the role of Bcl-2 adenovirus/E1B 19kD interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in oligodendrocyte apoptosis after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Methods Seventy-seven male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 11), DAI group (n = 33), and intervention group (n = 33). DAI model was made referring to modified Marmarou method and the rats in intervention group received intracerebroventricular injection of BNIP3 inhibitor, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, 30 g/L, 2 μl) immediately after injury. Tested the BNIP3 protein expression, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and myelin histopathology before and after the intervention of Nec-1. Results Compared with the sham group, DAI rats upregulated BNIP3 levels and had positive correlation with cell apoptosis in brainstem. Nec-1 significantly inhibited BNIP3 expression, then decreased the number of apoptotic oligodendrocytes, increased the average absorbance of luxol fast blue (LFB) staining and myelin basic protein (M BP) levels, and alleviated the myelin ultrastructure of DAI rats. Conclusion BNIP3 participate in the DAI-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, and inhibition of BNIP3 can protect oligodendrocytes and myelin sheath from DAI injury.

Death analysis and mortality prediction in children under 5 from 2006 to 2012 in Zhabei District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective] By the use of GM(1,1) model to predict mortality trends of children un-der 5 years, on the basis of the analysis of cause of death in children under 5 from 2006 to 2012 in Zhabei District of Shanghai City . [ Methods] Nearly 5 years of monitoring data were used for analysis of the cause of death , and the grey model ( GM) was used to fit and predict mortality . [ Results] The death of children under 5 was mainly infant death and the infant death was mainly newborns death from 2006 to 2012 in Zhabei District.During this five-year period, children mortality under 5 fluctuated from 3.30‰ to 4 .98‰and was slightly increased in 2010 .The main cause of death in the neonatal period was birth as-phyxia ,accounting for 31 .82%.For infant period , The first cause was congenital anomaly , accounting for 30.43% and the second cause was birth asphyxia ,accounting for 20.29%.The fitting effect of GM was fine and the predicted mortality of children under 5 years was 3.88‰in 2013. [Conclusion] Congenital a-nomalies , birth asphyxia and accident death seriously threaten the lives of children under 5 years.We must strengthen neonatal screening , neonatal accidental death education , thus effectively reducing the mortality of children under 5.The fitting effect of GM(1, 1) on mortality rate of children under 5 is good and can be ap-plied for prediction .

Establishing a high-titer infectious avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle / 病毒学报

A transient four-plasmid cotransfection system was used to construct avian influenza A (H5N1) pseudotyped viral particle (H5N1Pp) by incorporating hemagglutinin (HA) protein and neuraminidase (NA) protein from H5N1 avian influenza virus onto Murine leukemia virus pseudotyped viral particles, the transmission electron microscopy, infectivity titer assay, hemagglutination assay, neutralization assay of H5N1Pp were studied. We established a pseudotyped H5N1 viral particle at a high titer of 10(8) Pp/mL, the morphology,the hemagglutination activity and neutralization specificity of H5N1Pp is simililar to wild H5N1 virus. The research result sets a platform for studying this virus, including its receptors, the functional analysis of HA and NA, neutralizing antibodies and anti-H5N1 drug development.

Expression and purification of a novel thermophilic bacterial single-stranded DNA-binding protein and enhancement the synthesis of DNA and cDNA / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Express a novel species of single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) derived from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1, abbreviated kod-ssb. And evaluate the effect of kod-ssb on PCR-based DNA amplification and reverse transcription.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We express kod-ssb with the Transrtta (DE3), and kod-ssb was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni2+ Sepharose column, detected by SDS-PAGE. To evaluate the effect of kod-ssb on PCR-based DNA amplification, the human beta globin gene was used as template to amplify a 5-kb, 9-kb and 13-kb. And to detect the effect of kod-ssb on reverse transcription, we used RNA from flu cell culture supernatant extraction as templates to implement qRT-PCR reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasmid pET11a-kod was transformed into Transetta (DE3) and the recombinant strain Transetta (pET11 a-kod) was obtained. The kod-ssb was highly expressed when the recombinant strain Transetta(pET11a-kod) was induced by IPTG. The specific protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. To confirm that kod-ssb can enhance target DNA synthesis and reduce PCR by-products, 5-, 9-, and 13-kb human beta globin gene fragments were used as templates for PCR. When PCR reactions did not include SSB proteins, the specific PCR product was contaminated with non-specific products. When kod -ssb was added, kod-ssb significantly enhanced amplification of the 5-, 9-and 13-kb target product and minimised the non-specific PCR products. To confirm that kod-ssb can enhance target cDNA synthesis, RNA from flu cell culture supernatant extraction was used as templates for qRT-PCR reaction. The results was that when kod-ssb was added, kod-ssb significantly enhanced the synthesis of cDNA, average Ct value is 19.42, and the average Ct value without kod-ssb is 22.15.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>kod-ssb may in future be used to enhance DNA and cDNA amplification.</p>

The hemodynamic effect of dobutamine stress on myocardial bridging-mural coronary artery / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Patient with myocardial bridging (MB) usually has a benign prognosis, but some MB patients might experience myocardial ischemia, infarction and sudden cardiac death, especially during active physical activities. The purpose of the study was to study the stress-induced blood flow changes of the mural coronary artery in MB patients determined by intracoronary Doppler.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 8 patients with MB, the basic average peak velocity (bAPV), hyperemic average peak velocity (hAPV) of blood flow, coronary flow reverse (CFR) proximal and distal to the mural coronary artery were measured before and during intravenously dobutamine (10 microg kg-1 min-1, then add 10 microg kg-1 min-1 at 3 min interval till 40 microg kg-1 min-1) by intracoronary Doppler.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline mural coronary diameter reduction was (51.7+/-21.4)% and significantly increased to (90.0+/-12.7)% (P<0.01) during dobutamine infusion. bAPV on the segments proximal and distal to the mural coronary artery significantly increased from (19.83+/-5.84) cm/s and (20.75+/-4.91) cm/s to (31.52+/-10.93) cm/s and (30.46+/-9.01) cm/s (all P<0.05 vs. baseline) respectively post dobutamine infusion. CFR measured at proximal and distal to myocardial bridging also significantly decreased from (2.91+/-0.62) and (2.46+/-0.82) to (2.17+/-0.66) and (1.83+/-0.51) (all P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stress can significantly increase the compression of intramural coronary artery and reduce CFR on coronary segments both proximal and distal to the MB. Thus, active exercise might induce myocardial ischemia in patients with myocardial bridging.</p>

The effect of esmolol on hemodynamic of the myocardial bridging-mural mural coronary artery / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of beta blocker on blood flow velocity and reserve on the intramural coronary artery of patients with myocardial bridging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 8 patients with myocardial bridge, intracoronary Doppler was performed before and after esmolol was given intravenously. The basic average peak velocity (bAPV), hyperaemic average peak velocity (hAPV) of blood flow, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) proximal and distal to the mural myocardial bridging was measured and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After esmolol injection, the mural coronary diameter systolic reduction decreased from (58.0 +/- 14.7)% to (26.0 +/- 9.8)% (P < 0.01); the bAPV proximal and distal to myocardial bridging separately decreased from (19.4 +/- 4.9) cm/s and (18.4 +/- 3.6) cm/s to (4.7 +/- 3.9) cm/s (P < 0.01) and (15.1 +/- 1.5) cm/s (P < 0.05). Under hyperemization, esmolol changed the hAPV of proximal and distal to myocardial bridging separately from (54.1 +/- 14.9) cm/s and (44.7 +/- 9.4) cm/s to (49.7 +/- 16.4) cm/s and (48.9 +/- 10.1) cm/s (all P > 0.05); thus, the value of CFR both proximal and distal to myocardial bridge increased separately from 2.8 +/- 0.3 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 and 3.2 +/- 0.6 (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Esmolol can decreased the compression of the intramural coronary artery and increased the CFR to normal level of it.</p>