Effect of polysaccharides from seeds of Vaccaria segetalis in alleviating urinary tract infection induced bladder injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome / 中国中药杂志

To study the mechanism of polysaccharides from seeds of Vaccaria segetalis( PSV) in the treatment of bacterial cystitis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The rat model of urinary tract infection was used and treated with PSV,and the urine and bladders were collected. The level of interleukin-10( IL-10) in rat urine was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expressions of sonic hedgehog( SHH) and NLRP3 inflammasome [NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3( NLRP3),apoptosis associated speck like protein( ASC) and pro-caspase-1]. The expression of Toll-like receptor pathway was detected by RT-PCR. The death of 5637 cells induced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli( UPEC) and lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) release were evaluated using live/dead staining. The results showed that in the rat bladder,the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors were significantly up-regulated,and NLRP3 inflammasomes were significantly activated by UPEC infection. The administration with PSV could significantly increase the concentration of IL-10 in urine,inhibit the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors in bladder,and inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. A large number of 5637 cells were dead after UPEC infection and caused LDH production. PSV could significantly inhibit the death of 5637 cells and the release of LDH. In conclusion,PSV could inhibit the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor pathway,thereby mitigating the bladder injury.

Silicon oil removed combined with external-route microsurgery for retinal detachment in silicon oil tamponaded eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of silicon oil removal combined with external-route microsurgery in treating of retinal detachment in selected eyes with silicone oil tamponaded. <p>METHODS: This was a retrospective observational case series. 21 cases(21 eyes)had undergone minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade for various vitreoretinal diseases firstly. Because of retinal detachment recurrent, external-route microsurgery combined with oil extracted was performed between July 2014 and July 2018 secondly. The retinal reattachment rate, visual outcome, intraocular pressure and postoperative complications were investigated. <p>RESULTS: After 4 to 12(5.48±1.53)mo follow-up period, the retinal reattachment rate was 90%(19/21 cases). Further vitrectomy surgeries were needed for other 2 eyes. The final best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≥0.4 was in 4 eyes, 0.06-0.3 was in 9 eyes and ≤0.05 was in 8 eyes, which had significant difference contrasted to that of preoperation(<i>t</i>=3.58, <i>P</i><0.05). Macular epiretinal membrane, second glaucoma and complicated cataracts were found in 1, 2 and 5 eyes respectively. There hadn't other serious complications postoperatively. <p>CONCLUSION: The external-route microsurgery was also suitable for retinal detachment in silicone oil filled eyes which were PVR≤C1 and the roles located in the equator region or front even. This way was simple, convenient and effective. The rate of secondary vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade also can be reduced.

Expression of interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the correlation between the concentrations of interleukin-23(IL-23)and interleukin-17(IL-17)in the ocular aqueous humor(AH)at the different degrees of diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients. <p>METHODS: From June 2016 to June 2019, 70 patients(70 eyes)for age related cataract surgery were enrolled in Hubei Yichang Central People's Hospital. All cases were graded into 4 groups, includingⅠ group(20 cases): the control group(patients without diabetes), Ⅱ group(18 cases): diabetic patients without retinopathy, Ⅲ group(17 cases): diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Ⅳ group(15 cases): diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in AH of the four groups were tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and statistically analyzed by ANOVA respectively. The correlations between IL-17 and IL-23 were calculated by Person correction analysis.<p>RESULTS: The concentration of IL-23 in Ⅰgroup was low(22.18±5.48pg/mL),while those in Ⅱ(37.63±4.52pg/mL), Ⅲ(45.06±4.64pg/mL), Ⅳ(68.89±6.11pg/mL)groups respectively were higher. The IL-17 level inⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ groups were 4.69±2.03, 6.83±1.02, 9.52±1.30, 10.89±1.26pg/mL respectively. Comparison of IL-23 and IL-17 within four groups revealed: both were increased in Ⅱ group initially, and raised along with the progression of DR. According to the correlation analysis, the expression level of IL-17 of DM was typical positively correlated with IL-23.<p>CONCLUSION:The over-expression of IL-23 and IL-17 may have a synergistic effect on the occurrence and development, and the IL-23/IL-17 pathway might be associated with the severity of DR by aggravating the inflammatory response of retina. These results indicated that IL-23-IL-17 axis could be a new target for the early diagnosis and treatment of DR.

Clinical observation on transscleral sutured fixation intraocular lens implanted in the capsular bag for subluxated lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of transscleral sutured fixation intraocular lens(IOL)implanted in the capsular bag combined with phacoemulsification for subluxated lens(SL). <p>METHODS: A prospective study of 18 consecutive cases(18 eyes)with SL(≤270°)was treated with phacoemulsification by Nagahara's chop method combined with the iris hook. Then according to the extent of SL, one or two IOL haptics were transscleral sutured suspension in the capsular bag. Moreover, two cases were performed 25G minimal invasive vitrectomy. The clinical efficacy was observed such as visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), the position of IOL and complications.<p>RESULTS: All cases were performed successfully. With following-up ranged from 6-12mo, the BCVA was improved obviously, which had significant difference contrasted to that of preoperation(<i>t</i>=7.30, <i>P</i><0.01). All cases' IOP ≤21mmHg, the position of IOL were normal without dislocation. No several complications took pace in intraoperative or postoperative surgical process.<p>CONCLUSION: Without implanting capsular tension ring(CTR), IOL in the capsular bag sutured fixation by one or two haptics suspension is an alterative approach for SL. This method maintains the position of IOL and rehabilitates visual acuity, and obviates CTR dislocation. So this way is effective and economical to be accepted by some basic hospital.

Effects of curcumin on structure and the expression of interleukin-23 and interleukin-17 in rat retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the effect of curcumin on the retinal structure and the expressions of interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-17(IL-17) in the rat retina after retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI).METHODS:A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group(NCG),model group(MG),low-dose curcumin group (LDCG) and high-dose curcumin group (HDCG) (n=15 per group).RIRI was generated by anterior chamber perfusion of normal saline to the right eye.Rats in LDCG and HDCG received an intraperitoneal injection of 20mg/kg/d and 100mg/kg/d curcumin respectively,at 30min before RIRI and once daily after RIRI.Retinal structure and inflammation were evaluated after hematoxylin and eosin-stained (HE) staining.Western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the level of IL-23 and IL-17 expressions after RIRI.RESULTS: The retinal structure of NCG was normal.Retinal edema,empty spaces or loosely packed cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in MG and LDCG groups,whereas the morphological changes in HDCG group were improved as compared to MG and LDCG groups.Western-blot assay and ELISA showed that IL-23 and IL-17 expressions increased significantly after RIRI (vs NCG,P<0.01).Moreover,curcumin reduced IL-23 and IL-17 expressions significantly (vs MG,P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Curcumin can inhibit leukocytes infiltration and improve the retinal pathologic changes.Furthermore,curcumin can reduce retinal IL-23 and IL-17 expressions significantly in a dose-dependent manner.

The inhibitory effect of decorin on proliferation of rabbit epithelial cell / 中华实验眼科杂志

BackgroundResearches found that the posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after lensextraction is associated with the elevation of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).To seek the drug for inhibitingproliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is crucial in the treatment and prevention of PCO.ObjectiveThisstudy was to investigate the preventing effects of decorin on the proliferation of LECs.MethodsRabbit LECs wascultured and passaged.The LECs in growth phase were incubated in 96 well plate at the density of 8×106/L.Decorinwith the concentrations 0.1,1.0,10.0 mg/L was added into the medium for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.0.1％DMSO was used at the same way as positive control group,and the regular cultured cells worked as blank controlgroup.The inhibitory rates of different concentrations of decorin on the growth of LECs were detected by MTT at 24,48and 72 hours after addition of decorin.The percentage of LECs in different cell cycles in various groups was assayedusing flow cytometry.TGF-β level in medium suspension was detected using ELISA.The expression of TGF-β mRNA in LECs was checked by RT-PCR,and α-SMA expression in LECs was determined using immunochemistry.Results ELISA assay showed a statistical difference in the TGF-β levels of different groups (F=39.24,P=0.03 ).The TGF-β levels in 1.0,10.0 mg/L decorin groups were significantly decreased in comparison with blank control group (P＜0.01) and 0.1 mg/L decorin group (P＜0.05 ).The inhibitory rates of decorin in the concentrations of ≥ 1.0 mg/L on the growth of LECs were higher than the blank control group,and those in various concentrations of decorin groups were considerably lower in 24 hours compared with 48 and 72 hours ( P＜0.05 ) and so was the 48 hours compared with 72 hours (P＜0.05 ).The percentages of LECs in G0/G1 phase were ascent in 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 mg/L decorin groups in comparison with G2/M and S phase (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry revealed the weak expression of α-SMA in various decorin groups in comparison with control group. Conclusions Decorin can effectively inhibit LECs growth and induce LECs apoptosis in concentration- and time-dependent manner.It is suggested that decorin can be used in the prevention and treatment of after cataract.

Discovery of the main active constituents of siwu mixture for reversing the multidrug resistance of human erythrocyte leukemic cell line K562/ADM / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the main active constituents of Siwu mixture for reversing the multidrug resistance (MDR) of human erythrocyte leukemic cell line K562/ADM.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Macroporous resin was used to separate Siwu mixture and an in vitro model was used to evaluate the reversal index of each fraction for discovery of active fraction. HPLC-MS was used for investigating the main active constituents of Siwu mixture.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The reversal index of the gross polysaccharide of Rehmannia glutinosa was significantly higher than that of blank control (P < 0.01). There was little difference between the reversal effect of the gross polysaccharide of Rehmannia glutinosa and that of the active fraction A (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gross polysaccharide of Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the main active constituents of Siwu mixture.</p>

Effects of Gardenia-aweto compound by different extraction method on antagonizing acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Gardenia-Aweto compound (GAC) and two component on preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by the rabbit model of ARDS induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. To detect the efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>GAC was divided into two compounts, ethanol-soluble components (ESC) and ethanol-deposition components (EDC), based on polarity. Forty-three new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, the blank control group, the model group, the GAC groups, the ESC group, and the EDC group. The ARDS model was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. Dynamic changes of arterial blood gas, lung index, albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in different groups and lung histological changes were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As compared with the blank group, in the model group, GAC group, ESC group, EDC group the arterial PO2 and oxygen saturation deprived continuously. While SO2 in GAC group at time points 30, 60, 90, 120 min (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and SO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60, 90 min were higher than those in ARDS group. PO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60 min (P < 0.05) were higher than those in ARDS group. The value of LI and W/D were higher in ARDS group than in sham group (P < 0.01), they were much lower in HD group than in ARDS group (P < 0.01). Concentration of BALF-albumin increased markedly in ARDS group and pre-treatment groups compared with sham group, but it was much lower in GAC group and ESC group, there was a significant difference between GAC group (P < 0.01), ESC group (P < 0.05) and ARDS group. The lung histological changes had been improved in GAC group and ESC group. But no significantly difference between above-mentioned parameters was found in comparison in the model group and in the EDC group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preventive administration of GAC or ESC an protect the damaged lung function in ARDS rabbits induced by oleic acid. The efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS is ESC. GAC antagonizing ARDS may relate to its anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant and antithrombotic effects.</p>