The cagA, cagE, vacA, dupA and iceA1 genes of Helicobacter pylori in Sudanese gastritis patients: Distribution and relationship with clinical outcomes and histological alterations

Aims@#Helicobacter pylori is a gastrointestinal bacterium that causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer in nearly half of the world’s population. Many virulence factors influence the outcome of H. pylori related disorders. The purpose of this study was to see if there was a relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and histological and endoscopic findings in stomach biopsy specimens from Sudanese gastritis patients.@*Methodology and results@#In the period between March 2018 and January 2020, a total of 290 gastric biopsies were taken from patients in Khartoum State hospitals. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on all specimens. Histological investigation revealed H. pylori in 103/290 (35.5%) samples, while PCR revealed H. pylori 16S rRNA positivity in 88/290 (30.3%) samples. Eighty-eight positive PCR specimens were subjected to PCR for genotypic detection of cagA, cagE, vacA, dupA and iceA1 genes. All of strains were vacA positive 100% (88/88) followed by dupA 50.0% (44/88), cagA 40.9% (36/88), cagE gene 38.6% (34/88) and iceA1 gene was detected in only 15.9% (14/88). The vacA s1/m1 68.2% (60/88) was the most prevalent vacA subtype.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Helicobacter pylori virulence genes were widespread and diversified in Sudanese gastritis patients. Helicobacter pylori cagA and iceA1 were significantly in association with gastric mucosa inflammation degree, whereas the dupA gene was found to be associated with the clinical outcomes.

Comparative analysis of cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of hemoglobin A2

BACKGROUND: The present study is designed to evaluate the reliability and cost effectiveness of cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the determination of HbA2 levels. METHODS: The test population comprised 160 individuals divided into four groups: normal individuals, beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) patients, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients, and co-morbid patients (BTT with IDA). HbA2 levels determined using cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis and HPLC were compared. RESULTS: HbA2 levels were found to be diagnostic for classical BTT using either method. In co-morbid cases, both techniques failed to diagnose all cases of BTT. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index for detection of the co-morbid condition was 69% and 66% for HPLC and cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that semi-automated cellulose acetate Hb electrophoresis is more suitable for use in beta-thalassemia prevention programs in low-income countries like Pakistan. This technique is easily available, simple and cost effective.

Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction in adult albino rats

Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction is still a puzzling problem in forensic pathology practice, especially in sudden cardiac death. Forensic autopsy data shows that sudden cardiac death victims usually die in less than 6 h after acute myocardial infarction occurs. Postmortem diagnosis of early myocardial infarction within the first 6 hours based on biochemical and morphologic changes. Rats divided into control group and operated group which had a ligation of The left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were killed at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mines post ligation intervals. Serum and myocardial tissue samples was collected from two groups at the previous postmortem time intervals for measurement of Creatine kinase- MB, Troponin I [CTnl], myoglobin and histopathological examination by light and electron ; microscopy . The same work was repeated after induction early acute myocardial infarction by beta- adrenergic shock and by lethal hemorrhage. Levels of CK-MB and CTnl had statistical significant rise with increasing postmortem intervals whatever method of myocardial infarction induction, but myoglobin level was less sensitive in different methods of induction. Ultrastructural changes were detected after 30 mines post-mortem in different methods of induction. Diagnosis of early myocardial infarction can be performed within the first postmortem six hours Depending on biochemical and morphological changes

Effect of the organophosphate [curacron] on activity of acetylcholinesterase in different parts of rat brain [in vivo studies]

Curacron profenofos is 0-[4-Bromo-2 chlorophenyl]-O-ethyi-S-propyl phosphorothioate. Its chemical formula C11H15BrCIO3PS. It is a broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide for control of pests in cotton growing areas. Inhibition of acetyi and pseudocholinesterase by this compound results in signs and symptoms of toxicity signs and symptoms [cholinergic syndrome]: bradycardia, respiratory-circulatory arrest, vomiting and diam'iea in a variety of animals including man. In this work experiments were carried out in vivo to study its effect on the activity of AChE enzyme obtained from whole and five different parts of rat brain, namely basal ganglia, frontal cortex, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. This work was carried out by 2 experiments: Exp. A: Depending on the dose of intraperitoneal infusion of curacon. Exp. B: Depending on the time course post infusion of a constant dose of curacron 100 mg/kg BW [dose causing 50% inhibition] in vivo. The results showed that the inhibition occurred in all brain parts, but it was highly marked in the enzyme obtained from the cerebellum [the part responsible for balance and coordination of movements]. The results also indicated that the inhibition of AChE produced by i.p. injection with curacon was dose and time dependent

Ranitidine versus cimetidine prior to emergency obstetric anesthesia

Twenty parturients in labour received emergency obstetric anesthesia were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group [R] received 150 mg oral ranitidine tablet on admission, followed by 50 mg infusion in 250 ml dextrose 5% over 30 minutes prior to anesthetic induction. Group [Ce] received 400 mg cimetidine oral tablet and 100 mg infusion in 250 ml dextrose 5% over 30 minutes. Ten parturients were considered as control. Ranitidine significantly reduced the maternal gastric volume with marked alkalinization of gastric pH. No significant changes were detected in the height, frequency or amplitude of uterine contraction or neonatal assessment

Ranitidine versus cemitidine prior to emergency obstetric anaesthesia

Twenty parturients in labour received emergency obstetric anaesthesia, randomly divided into two equal groups. Group "R" received 150 mg oral ranitidine table on admission, followed by 50 mg ranitidine in infusion of 250 ml dextrose 5% over 30 minutes prior to anaesthetic induction. Group "Ce" received 400 mg cemitidine oral table and 100 mg cemitidine in infusion of 250 ml dextrose 5% over 30 minutes. Ten parturients were considered as control [group C]. Ranitidine significantly reduced the maternal gastric volume with marked alkalinization of gastric PH. No significant changes were detected in the height, frequency or amplitude of uterine contraction or neonatal assessment

Total intravenous propofol anaesthesia in geriatric patients with different speeds of induction injection

Thirty patients aged between 56-70 years scheduled for direct laryngoscopic examination not exceeding 20 minutes duration were chosen for this study. The patients were divided into 3 equal groups according to the speed of injection of the induction dose of propofol [2 mg/kg B.W.] either over 80, 40 or 20 seconds. Then anaesthesia was maintained with continuous propofol infusion 9 mg/kg B.w./hour supplemented with nitrous oxide in oxygen through an endotracheal tube all over the procedure. Faster speeds of induction reduced induction time and increased incidence of pain of injection. Respiratory depression was observed in the three studied groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped with maximum at two minutes from the start of infusion. Rapid recovery and high recovery room scores were observed in all patients