Experimental model of obstructive jaundice in mongrel dog: study of subsequent pathological changes in liver.

BACKGROUND: Attempts at creating an experimental model of obstructive jaundice in large animals have been unsuccessful because of frequent fistulization of the ligated bile duct. OBJECTIVES: To produce a model of obstructive jaundice in mongrel dogs and to study subsequent serial pathological changes in the liver. METHODS: Four techniques were evaluated in four dogs to produce obstructive jaundice. After creation of a successful model, subsequent clinical and biochemical outcome and serial pathological changes in the liver were studied in another 14 dogs. RESULTS: Complete extrahepatic biliary dissection produced a model of persistent obstructive jaundice. Serial histological changes included inflammation and edema in the first 14 days followed by lymphocytic infiltration at 28 days. Fibrosis started by day 7 and resulted in architectural distortion by day 21. CONCLUSION: An acute, complete and irreversible model of obstructive jaundice can be produced by extrahepatic biliary tree excision and ligation. Serial pathological changes showed acute inflammation, followed by fibrosis and architectural distortion.

Biliary sepsis: an ascending infection.

AIM: To study the bacteriology of normal and obstructed biliary tree and determine the mode of biliary infection. METHODS: Fifty seven patients undergoing elective biliary surgery for calculous biliary disease cholecystitis 45, obstructive jaundice 12) were studied. Bile samples collected separately from gall bladder, common bile duct and duodenum at the time of surgery were processed for aerobic and anaerobic cultures and antibiotic assays. To locate endogenous foci of infection, urine, nasal swab and throat swab cultures were done. Isolates from/biliary tract were compared with those from other sites. RESULTS: Thirty eight patients (66.7%) had bactobilia. The prevalence was higher in patients with obstructive jaundice (10/12, 83.3%) than (p = 0.5) in those with non-obstructed biliary tree. Single bacterial infection (31 cases, 81 %) was more common than mixed infection (7 cases, 19%). Colonization of more than one segment of the biliary tree was seen in 30 patients (79%). E coli was the most frequently isolated organism. In 24 cases (63.2%), strains of organisms from the common bile duct and gall bladder were similar to those from the duodenum, and in only 10 cases (23.2%) were similar to those found in the nose, throat and urine. The antibiotic concentrations in the common bile duct after single doses of preoperative antibiotic (gentamicin and cephazolin) were lower in the obstructed biliary tree (1.5 +/- 0.4 milligrams/mL and 2.8 milligrams/mL respectively) than in the non-obstructed system (3.9 +/- 1.7 milligrams and 12.6 milligrams/mL/mL respectively) (p = 0.5 for both antibiotics). CONCLUSION: Ascending infection forms the mode of biliary sepsis in a majority of cases. Prophylactic antibiotics give low levels in the bile in an obstructed biliary tree.

Agenesis of gall bladder--a diagnostic dilemma.

A case of suspected chronic cholecystitis who underwent laparotomy, was found to have agenesis of gall bladder. Standard investigative modalities which are done for chronic cholecystitis might be fallacious and baffling. Agenesis of gall bladder should be kept in mind whenever the gall bladder is improperly visualised in routine imaging methods.

Adult Hirschsprung's disease.

Hirschsprung's disease in adulthood is a rare entity. We report Hirschsprung's disease in a 35-year-old woman who had absence of anorectal inhibitory reflex on manometric studies.

Lymphangioma of the chest wall.

A lymphangioma of the chest wall, hitherto unreported is described here.