New strategies for the treatment of carcinoma of unknown primary / 中华肿瘤杂志

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a kind of metastatic tumor whose primary origin cannot be identified after adequate examination and evaluation. The main treatment modality of CUP is empiric chemotherapy, and the median overall survival time is less than 1 year. Compared with immunohistochemistry, novel method based on gene expression profiling have improved the sensitivity and specificity of CUP detection, but its guiding value for treatment is still controversial. The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and pan-cancer antitumor agents has improved the prognosis of patients with CUP, and targeted therapy and immunotherapy based on specific molecular characteristics are the main directions of future research. Given the high heterogeneity and unique clinicopathological characteristics of CUP, "basket trial" is more suitable for clinical trial design in CUP.

Association between exposure to artificial light at night and the occurrence of menarche in Han girls / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the association between the occurrence of menarche and the exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) in female Han nationality girls aged 9-18 in China, so as to provide a reference for the research on the disturbance mechanism of ALAN on puberty, as well as provide a scientific evidence for controlling ALAN and making public sanitary policy.@*Methods@#A total of 74 483 Han girls aged 9-18 with complete records of menarche, height, and weight were included in the 2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health. Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlation between the incidence of menarche and the exposure to artificial light at night in 11-year-old Han girls, and the third quantiles of the area covered by outdoor night lights (0.16, 0.60) and the third quantiles of the average night light intensity [0.97, 5.91 nw/(sr ·cm) 2] were used respectively to divide the study subjects into 3 groups, and the multifactor Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of artificial light at night exposure on menarche.@*Results@#In 2014, the median age of menarche of Chinese Han girls was 12.18 years old, and the incidence of menarche in the 11-year-old group was 26.31%. After controlling for body mass index, local population and the logarithmic values of per capita GDP, the incidence of menarche of 11-year-old Han girls was positively correlated with the local outdoor average night light coverage area ratio and the night average light intensity logarithmic adjustment value( r =0.29, 0.30, P <0.05).The higher the local outdoor night light coverage area ratio ( OR =1.28, 1.52) and the average night light intensity ( OR =1.47, 1.58), the higher the incidence of menarche in 11-year-old Han girls( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a positive correlation between artificial light at night exposure and the menarche rate of 11-year-old Han girls. Research on artificial light at night exposure may provide scientific evidence on puberty onset and its effects on population health.

Association of body fat ratio with precocious puberty in girls / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of body fat ratio with precocious puberty in girls. Previous studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is associated with the girls' age of puberty but have not revealed the association of body fat ratio with age of puberty.@*METHODS@#Based on the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP), 128 children with precocious puberty who were admitted to the hospital from July to August, 2017, were divided into a CPP group with 87 children and a peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) group with 41 children. A total of 51 girls without any puberty development signs were enrolled as the control group. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the body fat ratios of upper limbs, legs, trunk, android area, gynoid area, and the whole body. The association between body fat ratios and precocious puberty was analyzed with reference to age, BMI, BMI-Z score, bone age, ovarian volume, and hormone levels.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the CPP and PPP groups had significantly higher body fat ratios of upper limbs, legs, trunk, android area, gynoid area, and the whole body, legs/whole body fat ratio, and (upper limbs+legs)/trunk fat ratio (P0.05). For the girls with precocious puberty, the high body fat ratio group had significantly higher luteinizing hormone (LH) base value, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-stimulated LH peak value, and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone peak value than the low body fat ratio group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, both the high body fat ratio and low body fat ratio groups had a significantly higher LH base value (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The increase in body fat may be a factor inducing precocious puberty in girls, but further studies are needed to determine the mechanism.

Correlation between psychological control and health risk behaviors of college students’ parents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the characteristics of psychological control of parents of college students and their correlation with health risk behaviors, and to provide a reference for further improving parenting styles and improving the physical and mental health of college students.@*Methods@#With the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, 3 318 college students from 6 universities in Guizhou Province were selected. The parents’ psychological control questionnaire and Chinese adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire were used to conduct anonymous field survey.@*Results@#A total of 660 students’ parents have got low score of mental control in low-score group (<26), 1 844 in the middle group (26-49) and 814 in the high group (>49). Students who had suicide plans scored higher in the dimensions of invasion of privacy, inhibition of speech expression, and sense of disability than those who had not(t=4.08, 3.74, 3.82, P<0.01); The scores of smokers in achievement expectation, invasion of privacy and ability ineffectiveness were higher than those of non-smokers(t=7.12, 3.91, 8.10, P<0.01); the scores of drinkers in all dimensions were higher than those of non drinkers(t=9.35, 4.64, 5.90, 8.78, P<0.01); the scores of Internet addicts in all dimensions were higher than those of non-smokers(t=8.92, 14.27, 3.70, 15.94, P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that smoking, drinking and Internet addiction were positively correlated with parents’ psychological control(r=0.11, 0.15, 0.19, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Parents’ psychological control of college students in achievement expectation, ability ineffectiveness and speech inhibition; parents’ psychological control is positively related to smoking, drinking and Internet addiction behavior. Parents should give more active encouragement and guidance to their children and strengthen communication.

Report of five cases of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia with literature review / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical feature,gene mutations,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up data of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia,so as to improve the clinical understanding of the disease.Methods Five patients were diagnosed with protein-sensitive hypoglycemia during June in 2015 and December in 2017 from the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases,Children's Hospital of Fudan University.Clinical data of 5 cases were summarized,including clinical manifestations,findings of protein sensitivity test,therapy effect and prognosis.The endocrine and metabolic panel was used to investigate the genetic cause of four patients.Related literatures of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia were reviewed,and the phenotypes,genotypes,and therapy effects were summarized.Results Among the 5 patients diagnosed with positive results of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia,three were found to harbor glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD 1) mutations (c.965G ＞ A,p.R322H:2 cases;c.943C ＞T,p.H315Y:1 case),and another one had complex heterozygous mutations in L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH,c.29G ＞ C,p.R10P;c.89T＞ A,p.V30E).5 patients were euglycemia without any medical support after low protein diet.In 18 literatures retrieved and this study,there were totally 161 cases of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia (149 cases with GLUD1 mutations and 10 cases with HADH mutations).Conclusions When a child was admitted because of hypoglycemia,the diagnosis of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia should be suspected if he or she also had postprandial hypoglycemia,with or without hyperammonemia.Protein sensitivity test is helpful for us to make the diagnosis of protein-sensitive hypoglycemia.

Prevalence and influencing factors of smoking among college students in Guizhou Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the smoking of college students in Guizhou Province and to explore associated factors for better prevention and control of smoking behavior.@*Methods@#A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to describe the current smoking situation of college students. And 2 451 college students of different majors and grades from three cities with high, medium and low economic development levels were selected. Besides, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the major factors affecting current smoking.@*Results@#Ever smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 50.8%, the peak age of first smoking attempt was 8-13(35.2%); current smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 20.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, upper grade, monthly living expenses of not less than 1 000 yuan, single parents, family smoking and peer smoking were the main risk factors affecting college students’ smoking(OR=5.52,1.44,1.48,1.69,1.47,1.88,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students in Guizhou Province have a higher rate of smoking attempt and low rate of current smoking, as well as low tobacco dependence which is determined by multiple factors. Tobacco hazard education, mental health education and living environment intervention for college students may help reduce the probabitity for tobacco use.

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.

Genetic polymorphism analysis of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. chachiensis Tanaka and its relatives by SCoT molecular marker / 中草药

Objective To carry out genetic polymorphism analysis of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. chachiensis Tanaka and its relatives by using SCoT molecular marker method. Methods Five factors of Mg2+, dNTPs, TaqDNA polymerase, primer, and template DNA concentration were used to screen the suitable SCoT-PCR reaction system for C. reticulata and its relatives by the method of orthogonal design. The optimum annealing temperature was screened by gradient temperature, and its polymorphic primers were verified. Results A total of 12 clear and rich bands were finally screened out as the primers of SCoT molecular marker for C. reticulata and its relatives in the optimized PCR reaction system, and the genetic distance and the UPGMA clustering tree of C. reticulata and its relatives were got by NTSYS software analysis. Conclusion The optimized SCoT-PCR reaction system was validated by using three different places of citrus genomic DNA to obtain the polymorphism and the clear amplified bands, which showed that the SCoT molecular marker system of Citrus reticulata is stable and reliable. The results of cluster analysis were able to make a preliminary separation of 13 kinds of materials scientifically and intuitively in molecule level.

Surgery-first approach for Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion: clinical retrospective analysis of 185 cases / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#The purpose of this study was to explore the surgery-first approach in sequential combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment to shorten total treatment duration and improve the clinical outcome.@*Methods@#This study included 185 patients with Angle classⅢ malocclusion. The patients were divided into 3 different types according to cephalometry analyses and facial features. ①Type Ⅰ: mandibular prognathism or asymmetry mandibular prognathism; ②Type Ⅱ: mandibular prognathism and maxillary retrusion; ③ Type Ⅲ: mild Angle′s Class Ⅲ malocclusion, cross bite in anterior teeth, or normal overlap and overbite relation with midfacial hypoplasia. All of patients received surgery first approach therapy. The surgical procedures were chosen according to different malformation types. Type Ⅰ was treated with the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Type Ⅱ was treated by Le Fort Ⅰmaxillary osteotomy combined with SSRO. Type Ⅲ underwent anterior subapical osteotomy combined pyriform aperture augmentation with biomaterials as well as maxillary anterior orthodontics. All patients received postoperative rapid orthodontic treatment for 6-12 month after 2 weeks of operation. Using the straight arch wire techniques and the class Ⅲ intermaxillary traction, we removed the overcrowding upper and lower teeth, the compensatory axial tilt of teeth, and the deviation of the dental arch and maintained the neutral relationship of the molar. The mandible Hawley retaining devices were used during the maintaining stage.@*Results@#The cases in study acquired satisfactory clinical outcome, which included the shortened overall treatment duration, the significantly improved facial features, the corrected occlusion relationship, and the restored function of mastication and temporomandibular joint. There were some complications as follows: intraoperative fracture (6 cases, 3.24%), the inferior alveolar nerve bundle injury (2 cases, 1.1%), and temporary open-bite that diminished by inter-maxillary elastic distraction one month after operation (19 cases, 10%). All cases in this study accepted postoperative orthodontic treatment. Follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 5 years. The cephalometric analysis results of 126 cases who had complete image data and over 6 months of follow-up showed that hard and soft tissue indexes were restored to normal range after combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment. The stability of the maxillary and occlusive relationship of SFA(surgery-first approach) was similar to that of the COS(conventional orthodontics-first system) [relapse ratio=(T2-T1)/(T1-T0)×100%]. Over six months of follow-up , SNB and ANB showed that the average relapse ratio were 22% and 19.8%, whereas the relapse angle are less than 2°.@*Conclusions@#The Surgery-first approach could be used to treat most patients with Angle skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, but the indications and the surgical procedures should be noticed and chosen.

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from chicken in different provinces / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli from retail raw chickens in different provinces of China.A total of 1 152 whole chicken samples were collected and screened for the prevalence of E.coli,and then the E.coli isolates were further tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility using agar dilution method.Results showed that the overall positive rate for E.coli in retail chickens was 65.97％ (760/1 152);resistance was most common to nalidixic acid (66.84％),followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (66.05％),tetracycline (65.00％),trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.16 ％),ampicillin (60.66 ％),amoxicillin (51.32 ％),streptomycin (50.39 ％),chloramphenicol (48.32 ％),kanamycin (38.29 ％),gentamicin (26.31％),ciprofloxacin (25.79 ％) and cefoxitin (21.05 ％).The last were gatifloxacin,cefoperazone and amikacin (each ＜20％).Overall,70.53％ of the isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials.A large proportion of multidrug resistant isolates were resistant to 8 kinds of antimicrobials (10.26 ％).No strain was resistant to 15 kinds of antimicrobials.Furthermore,isolates recovered from different regions exhibited different resistance levels to most antimicrobials.Our findings indicate that retail chicken in China was commonly contaminated with E.coli,and many E.coli strains exhibited multiple drug resistance.Presence of multiple drug E.coli in raw chickens may pose a potential threat to human health.

A study on oral health-related quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate oral health-related quality of Life(OHRQoL)in end-stage renal disease Patients undergoing hemodialysis(HD) and its influencing factors. Methods Through convenient sampling, totally 185 HD patients in two first-class tertiary hospitals in Changchun were investigated with the Oral Health Impact Profile-14(OHIP-14) . Influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life of patients were extracted from patients'general information and oral health behavior questionnaire. Single factor analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The scores of oral health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients were Significantly higher than those of the normal population in China(P<0.05)and age, duration of hemodialysis, status of smoking, frequency of brushing, brush teeth time, status of using mouth wash, and frequency of oral examination were influencing factors for oral health-related quality of life of HD patients, (β=-0.156-0.164, all P<0.05). Conclusions Oral health-related quality of life in HD patients is poor. Medical workers should pay attention to older patients with longer duration of hemodialysis and poor oral health behavior, take effective interventions to improve oral health-related quality of life of HD patients.

Effect of warm joint needling plus rehabilitation on the balance function and quality of life of patients with spastic hemiplegia after ischemic cerebral stroke / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of warm joint needling plus rehabilitation techniques on the balance function and quality of life (QOL) of patients with spastic hemiplegia after ischemic cerebral stroke.Methods:Ninety patients with spastic hemiplegia after ischemic cerebral stroke were randomized into a rehabilitation group,a warm joint needling group and an observation group,with 30 cases in each group.The rehabilitation group was intervened by Bobath therapy,the warm joint needling group was treated with joint needling on the affected side plus warm needling,and the observation group was given the same rehabilitation treatment as the rehabilitation group together with the same warm joint needling as the warm joint needling group.The three groups were treated once another day,1 month as a treatment course for 6 months.Before the treatment,and respectively after 2-week,1-month,3-month,and 6-month treatment,the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was used to measure the anti-spasm ability of the lower limb,the Berg balance scale (BBS) was adopted to evaluate the balance function,and the stroke-specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL)was employed to estimate the QOL.Results:After 3-month and 6-month treatment,the lower-limb MAS scores in the observation group were significantly better than those in the rehabilitation group and the warm joint needling group (all P＜0.05).After 1-month,3-month and 6-month treatment,the BBS scores in the observation group were significantly better than those in the rehabilitation group and the warm joint needling group (all P＜0.05).After 2-week,1-month,3-month and 6-month treatment,the SS-QOL scores in the observation group were markedly better than those in the rehabilitation group and the warm joint needling group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Warm joint needling plus rehabilitation can effectively improve the lower-limb spasticity state,balance function and QOL in patients with spastic hemiplegia after ischemic cerebral stroke.

Postoperative change of skull base of craniosynostoses treated by frontorbital advancement by using 3-D digital technique / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the deformity of cranial base in patients with craniosynostosis and to evaluate the effect of modified fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) for craniosynostosis using three-dimensional digital technology.Methods From January 2010 to December 2016,10 cases of craniosynostosis were included in the study.All patients underwent modified FOA,we quantitatively analysed the pre-operative deformity and the surgical outcome of FOA performed in ten patients with craniosynostosis.The measurements of skull base were performed based on 3D computed tomography (CT) scan.We assessed the symmetry of skull base and the deflection of anterior cranial fossa.Results The mean patients' age at FOAs was 3.2 years.A significant asymmetry of skull base was found in all patients.The growth of anterior and middle fossae was restricted.On the follow-up CT images 23.6 months after surgery,there was prominent change (P＜0.05) between the two hemibases (CSO(-)ratio) and between the lengths and angles of anterior and middle cranial hemi-fossae (CX,CSX(-),XSM(-) ratio).Anterior cranial vault asymmetry index obviously decreased from 12.4％ to 1.05％ before surgery (P＜0.05).In addition,anterior cranial vault deflection angle proved to also be less after surgical correction (20.33°±9.19° versus 13.13°±5.28°,P＜0.05).Conclusions The asymmetry of skull base can be presented by intracranial view at over 1 year of age.FOA can correct the skeletal malformation of frontotemporal region and the asymmetry of skull base is improved after surgical treatment.

Novel heterozygous mutation of the IL2RA gene in one Chinese girl with immunodeficiency 41 with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity and diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent 10: One case report and literature review / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To report a case of immunodeficiency 41 with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity (IMD41) and type 10 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM10), caused by mutations of the interleukin 2 receptor α(IL2RA)gene.Methods Clinical symptoms were colleted,while IL2RA gene was sequenced.Results Here we reported a girl of 7 years and 6 months old who came to our hospital presented with lymphadenovarix for 5 years,debilitation for 2 months and alternation of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia for 20 days. She was subsequently diagnosed with fungal pneumonia and ANCA-associated vasculitis. All exons of IL2RA gene were sequenced. c.340C>T(p.Q114X,paternal,novel mutation),c.64G>A(p.E22X,maternal) were detected. After treatments of dihydrocortisone,voriconazole combined with diabetic diet plus raw cornstarch, the pulmonary lesions reduced, autoantibodies disappeared and the blood glucose returned to normal. Literature review suggested that totally 5 IL2RA gene mutation patients were reported, the major clinical features were recurrent infection(infection of lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract) and immune abnormalities ( such as lymph node disease, autoimmune disease, hepatosplenomegaly,and diabetes mellitus). Conclusion In cases of atypical clinical symptoms, whole exon sequencing helps early diagnosis.

Feasibility of domestic 18F-DOPA PET/CT scanning in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic lesions in children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To study the feasibility of 18F-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/Computed tomography (18F-DOPA PET/CT) scanning in the localization and differential diagnosing of focal versus diffuse form of pancreas lesions in patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH).@*Method@#Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with HH between January, 2016 and February, 2017 in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children′s Hospital of Fudan University using an integrated clinical and biochemical diagnostic protocol, domestic 18F-DOPA PET/CT imaging technique were applied after MRI and ultrasound failed to detect pancreas lesions. Pancreas 18F-DOPA standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured, and pancreas′ lesions were dually analyzed via visual method and pancreas percentage SUV method. Among these patients, 9 patients received surgical pancreatic lesion resections, the correlations among surgical outcomes, histopathological findings and 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan results were analyzed.@*Result@#Seven patients were detected with focal form of pancreas lesions, the mean peak of SUV was 4.7±1.7(2.6-7.1), and 17 patients were found to have diffuse form lesions after 18F-DOPA-PET/CT scanning. Among the 24 cases, 9 patients (7 showed focal and 2 showed diffuse 18F-DOPA PET/CT pancreatic uptake)were euglycemic without any medical support after surgery; the resected pancreatic tissue histopathological results were consistent with that of PET/CT imaging. Only one patient, who responded to medical treatment before surgery, had temporary hyperglycemia after operation.@*Conclusion@#Domestic 18F-DOPA PET/CT could successfully locate and differentiate the pancreatic lesions and thus improve the success of surgery.

Protosappanin A exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia / 中国天然药物

Microglial activation and resultant neuroinflammatory response are implicated in various brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Treatment with anti-neuroinflammatory agents could provide therapeutic benefits for such disorders. Protosappanin A (PTA) is a major bioactive ingredient isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L.. In this work, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of PTA on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells were investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Results showed that PTA significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated BV2 microglia. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were reduced by PTA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PTA suppressed JAK2/STAT3-dependent inflammation pathway through down-regulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, as well as STAT3 nuclear translocation against LPS treatment. These observations suggested a novel role for PTA in regulating LPS-induced neuroinflammatory injuries.

Clinical analysis of treatment of airway stenosis caused by advanced central lung cancer with bronchoscopic endobronchial ultrasound guided intratumoral injection of Cisplatin (10 cases) / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of bronchoscopic endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided intratumoral injection of Cisplatin in treatment of airway stenosis caused by advanced central lung cancer. Methods The clinical data of 10 cases of airway stenosis caused by advanced central lung cancer between Nov 2015 and Jan 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 10 cases airway stenosis caused by advanced central lung cancer received EBUS guided intratumoral injection of Cisplatin treatment. Assessed by bronchoscopic, there were 8 cases of patients showed favorable effects after the treatment; Assessed by CT scan, 6 cases showed effects;And 8 cases relieved dyspnea. Conclusion EBUS guided intratumoral injection of Cisplatin in treatment of airway stenosis caused by advanced central lung cancer have some effect.

Value of non-real-time radial probe endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer and analysis of false negative results / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of non-real-time radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) guided transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) for peripheral lung cancer and analysis of false negative results. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical and imaging data of 256 patients with peripheral lung cancer between March 2013 and December 2016, all the cases underwent non-real-time RP-EBUS guided TBLB, then evaluate its significance in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer and analyze the reasons of false negative results. Result In 256 patients who received non-real-time RP-EBUS examinations, 73.83% (189/256) of peripheral lung cancer were detected by RP-EBUS and the positive rate of RP-EBUS guided TBLB was 61.33% (157/256). The positive rate of non-real-time RP-EBUS guided TBLB was correlated with lesions >2 cm in diameter, lesions close to visceral pleura, ultrasonic image characteristics and the RP-EBUS probe surrounding by lesion (P < 0.05). The positive rate of non-real-time RP-EBUS guided TBLB was not correlated with RP-EBUS probe passed through lesions and times of biopsy (P > 0.05). Complications including bleeding, chest pain and pneumothorax recovered spontaneously. Conclusion Non-real-time RP-EBUS guided TBLB was a practical technology for diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer with high diagnostic rate and good safety. Lesion size, connection to visceral pleura, ultrasonic image characteristics and the RP-EBUS probe surrounding by lesion influenced the diagnostic yield. Improvement of operative skills can reduce false negative results.

A Novel Missense Mutation in Peripheral Myelin Protein-22 Causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. A great number of causative genes have been described in CMT, and among them, the heterozygous duplication of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) is the major cause. Although the missense mutation in PMP22 is rarely reported, it has been demonstrated to be associated with CMT. This study described a novel missense mutation of PMP22 in a Chinese family with CMT phenotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to screen the causative genes in a family featured with an autosomal dominant demyelinating form of CMT. The potential variants identified by targeted NGS were verified by Sanger sequencing and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. Further cell transfection studies were performed to characterize the function of the novel variant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using targeted NGS, a novel heterozygous missense variant in PMP22 (c.320G>A, p.G107D) was identified. In vitro cell functional studies revealed that mutant PMP22 protein carrying p.G107D mutation lost the ability to reach the plasma membrane, was mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, and induced cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study supported the notion that missense mutations in PMP22 give rise to a CMT phenotype, possibly through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism.</p>

Identification and function analysis of target group for cardioprotection of Baoyuan decoction / 中国中药杂志

Baoyuan decoction (BYD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for coronary heart disease with Qi deficiency. However, the detailed pharmacological mechanism of BYD is still unknown because of its complicated chemical compositions. In this study, we synthesized a kind of solid beads with benzophenone groups on its surface. Benzophenone can be activated and chemically cross-linked with the C-H bonds of the chemical compositions in BYD (BYD beads) under UV activation. We thus captured all the target proteins from mouse heart tissue lysates by using BYD beads. Based on proteomics analysis, we discovered totally 46 potential binding target proteins, most of which were located in mitochondria. KEGG analysis revealed that these target proteins were mainly associated with TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism signaling pathways, suggesting that the cardioprotection of BYD might be associated with regulating mitochondrial function and energy production. Moreover, JC-1 staining analysis also confirmed the protective effect of BYD on mitochondrial damage. In summary, our findings elucidated the potential mechanism of BYD on cardioprotection through "target fishing" strategy, and further explained its traditional efficacy in the molecular level. In addition, we also provide an approach for investigating the target group of complicated compositions in Chinese herbal formula. This novel method may provide a methodological reference for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese formula in the future.