Three-dimensional visualization on the relationship between tubules after macula densa and afferent arterioles in mouse kidney / 解剖学报

Objective To establish the spatial course of distal tubule and afferent arterioles after macula densa, and to locate and detect the proteins in the adjacent parts by using three-dimensional visualization technology of microstructure. Methods C57 BL/6J mice were fixed by perfusion and embedded in epon 812. Tissue blocks were cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the kidney. And a total of 720, 2. 5 μm-thick consecutive sections were obtained from the renal capsule to the outer stripe of the renal outer medulla. After aligning the digital microscopic images through computer registration procedures, the tubules and vessels were traced by 3D reconstruction program edited by C Language. Selecting the tissue sections of the contact site and applying the improved immunoperoxidase staining method to detect H

Morphometry of the ureteric bud branching in the developing mouse kidney / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the branching pattern of the ureteric bud and the number of the nephron induced by each ureteric bud tip, through the three-dimensional tracing of the ureteric tree, combined with the morphological analysis and measurement of the ureteric tree. Methods The kidneys were obtained from three mice at various developing time points and prepared for paraffin and epoxy sections. Then the microscopic images were digitized and aligned from these sections. Based on the computer-assisted tracing and visualization of ureteric tree, the number of branches and the nephron induced by each ureteric bud tip were obtained by counting. In addition, paraffin sections were stained with HE staining for morphological observation of nephrogenic zone and ureteric bud, while in order to reflect the density of the ureteric bud tips at nephrogenic zone, the distance between two neighboring ureteric bud tips was measured aided with the Claudin-7 immunohistochemical staining. Results The ureteric bud branching tree revealed that the initial bifid iterative branching formed the framework of renal medulla, the branching became complicated and dense in cortex and nephrogenic zone, while the distance between ureteric bud tips were also decreasing. The number of the nephron induced by each ureteric bud tip increased from one (E14. 5) to two (E17. 5), and occasionally to three. Conclusion Threedimeasional Visualization of ureteric bud branching tree reveals regional complication, suggesting molecules in different regions drive different branching patterns; While the density of the ureteric bud tips at nephrogenic zone increases corresponding to decreasing of thickness of the nephrogenic zone, and the disappearance of the ureteric bud tips after birth is also consistent with the gradual consumption of nephron progenitor cells.

Role of pyroptosis in severe COVID-19 / 中国药理学通报

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infec¬tious disease endangering the respirator)' traet and multiple or¬gans of the whole body caused by severe aeute respirator)' syn¬drome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2).More than 200 million people in the world have been infected with the disease, which is an unprecedented global plague.Most patients with C0VID-19 only show mild symptoms with a good prognosis, but about 20% of them may develop into severe cases and eause serious compli-cations, including acute respirator)' distress syndrome ( ARDS) , systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) , cytokine re¬lease syndrome (CRS) , etc.Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death characterized by significant inflammatory response.It is often mediated by inflammatory caspase and the gasdermin family of membrane perforating proteins is the final effector mol¬ecules, resulting in cell membrane swelling and rupture to death, accompanied by the release of a large number of pro-in¬flammatory cytokines (such as IL-lp and IL-18, etc).Pyropto- sis affects the occurrence, progression and treatment of many diseases due to its inflammatory and morphological characteris¬tics, and also plays an important role in severe COVID-19.Therefore, drugs that target key molecules in the pyroapoptotic pathway could he a promising breakthrough for treating severe COVID-19.This article reviews the role of pyroptosis in severe COVID-19 complications ARDS and CHS.

Evaluation of therapeutic plasma exchange combined with continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with early septic shock / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange with continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with early septic shock.Methods:A total of 55 patients with septic shock admitted to ICU of Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from December 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the therapeutic plasma exchange group ( n=29) and standard-therapy group ( n=26) according to whether plasma exchange combined with hemofiltration was used. Patients in both groups were treated according to the 2016 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. No hemofiltration or/and plasma exchange therapy was performed in the standard-therapy group. In the therapeutic plasma exchange group, hemofiltration was performed immediately after plasma exchange within 24 h. The inflammatory indexes, hemodynamic indexes, organ function scores and 28-day mortality were monitored before and 24 h after treatment. χ2 test was used for counting data, t-test was used for measurement data, and Kaplan-Meier curve was used to evaluate 28-day survival status. Results:(1) There were no differences in sex, age, underlying diseases, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score before treatment between the two groups. (2) There were no significant differences in PCT, CRP and IL-6 between the two groups at enrollment. After treatment, PCT, CRP and IL-6 in the therapeutic plasma exchange group were significantly lower than those in the standard-therapy group [PCT (ng/mL): (50.07±14.54) vs. (57.93±13.42), P=0.043; CRP (mg/L): (85.71±46.05) vs. (115.10±44.42), P=0.042; IL-6 (pg/mL): (5 957.45±2 344.48) vs. (7 522.94±3 218.94), P=0.043], but there was no significant difference in WBC between the two groups. (3) There were no significant differences in norepinephrine dose, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and Lactate level between the two groups. After treatment, the norepinephrine dose, lactate level and EVLWI in the therapeutic plasma exchange group decreased significantly, while SVRI increased significantly {norepinephrine dose [μg/(kg·min): (0.76±0.39) vs. (0.54±0.39), P=0.044; lactate (μmmol/ L): (7.74±4.22) vs. (4.51±1.62), P<0.001; EVLWI (mL/kg): (10.04±2.77) vs. (8.23±2.23), P=0.008; SVRI (dyn·s/cm 2): (1 103.14±364.94) vs. (1 403.31±264.46), P=0.001}. Compared with the standard-therapy, the 24-h intravenous infusion volume was significantly decreased [(3 852.07±686.43) mL vs. (4 474.81±572.71) mL, P=0.001]. (4) There were no significant differences in APACHEⅡscore and SOFA score between the two groups at enrollment. After treatment, the APACHEⅡscore and SOFA score of the therapeutic plasma exchange group were significantly lower than those of the standard-therapy group [APACHEⅡscore: (14.07±4.30) vs. (19.23±5.44), P<0.001; SOFA score: (9.93±1.16) vs. (11.69±1.81), P<0.001)]. There were no significant differences in ICU mortality and 28-day mortality between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Therapeutic plasma exchange with continuous renal replacement therapy can reduce the inflammatory response and improve hemodynamics in patients with septic shock. However, 24 h treatment did not improve the mortality of patients.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can augment the effectiveness of cognition training for persons with vascular cognitive impairment / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of combining hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy with cognition training for persons with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).Methods:Forty-two persons with VCI were randomly divided into a control group of 19 and a research group of 23. In addition to basic treatment, the control group was given hyperbaric oxygen therapy once a day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks, while the research group received cognition training along with the hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Each person′s cognition was assessed using the Simple Mental Status Scale (MMSE) before and after the four-week treatment. Meanwhile, 3ml of venous blood was collected before eating in the morning to test the plasma levels of Klotho protein and homocysteine using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results:After the treatment the average MMSE score had improved significantly in both group, with the improvement in the research group′s average significantly greater than that in the control group. The average plasma levels of Klotho protein and homocysteine had also improved significantly more in the research group. In the control group, the only significant improvement was in the average homocysteine level.Conclusions:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be an effective supplement to cognition training for persons with vascular cognitive impairment.

Morphometry of the capillary loop stage glomerulus in developing mice / 解剖学报

Objective To describe quantitatively the development of the capillary loop stage glomerulus (capG) with respect to the volume density of capillaries in the glomerulus based on the morphogenesis of the kidney. Methods The kidneys were obtained from mice at various developing time points and prepared for paraffin sections. The volume density of CD34 positive endothelial cells and surrounded capillary lumen in glomeruli was measured using a combination of immunohistochemical staining and the stereological grid system. Results The capG was divided into early, middle, and late phases, and middle phase capG was subdivided into early-middle and late-middle phases, according to the morphology of developing glomeruli and the arrangement of podocytes. As result, the volume density of capillary loops in early phase capG could not be measured due to the complex "glomerular" shape. The volume density of capillary loops increased from (35.95±6.45)% in the early-middle phase capG, to (58.36±6. 30) % in the late-middle phase capG, and to (79.89± 5.21) % in the late phase capG, compared to (93.61 ±1.96) % in the mature glomerulus. Furthermore, the volume density of capillary loops remained constant at same stage even though at different developmental time points. Conclusion This study demonstrated a significantly increased volume density of capillary loops with the kidney development. In addition, the results provide a descriptive and reliable parameter for the evaluation of glomerular development.

Three-dimensional visualization of the renal proximal tubules in developing mice / 解剖学报

Objective Adult proximal tubule ( PT ) is not only the segment most frequently involved in acute renal tubule injury, but also the easiest to repair. It may be consistent with the rapid growth and differentiation mechanism of this segment during the development of the kidney, while the developing information is insufficient. Therefore, we three- dimensional visualized the developing PT to analysis its spatiotemporal morphogenesis. Methods The kidneys were obtained from mice at various developing time point, embryonic day ( E ), postnatal day ( P ). The volume density of Claudin-2 positive PT in the cortex was measured using a stereological method in paraffin sections. After image recording and alignment of the serial sections, the spatial courses of the developing PT were traced and visualized in three dimensions using computer-assisted program. The length of the developing PT was calculated at the same time. Results The volume density of PT in the cortex of PI mice was significantly higher than that in the embryonic stage. Then it experienced a decline ( P3, P5 ), an increase ( start at P7 ) to a stable adult level ( P28 ). The tubular tracing showed that the lengths of developing PT and the number of convolutions of their convoluted part increased with the maturation, but lower than that of adultin E14. 5, E17. 5 and P5 PT in E14. 5 and E17. 5 mice were similar to that of adult with respect to general spatial courses. They were, however, significantly different from adult in the initial direction of PT and the arrangement of the straight part of PT in the medullary rays. While, it was in P5 that the spatial pattern of some PT was gradually approaching to the adult model. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the development of PT was consistent with the kidney development in terms of its volume density in cortex, length and spatial course. It started at the S-shaped body, kept throughout the embryonic period and continued to postnatal, ended at kidney maturation ( P28 ).

Aerobic exercise combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve post-stroke cognition and reduce oxidative stress / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of combining aerobic exercise with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the cognition and oxidative stress of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:Forty-five PSCI patients were divided randomly into a hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) group (of 21) and a combination group (of 24). Both groups received HBO therapy, but the combination group also performed 30min of aerobic exercise using a cycle ergometer 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The HBO therapy involved 20min for pressurization, 20min of decompression, 60min of pressurized oxygen inhalation and 10min of air inhalation. The treatment pressure was 0.2MPa (2.0ATA). Before and after the intervention, cognitive functioning was measured using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assement (MoCA). The Barthel index quantified ability in the activities of daily living. Serum glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured spectrophotometrically.Results:The average MMSE scores of both groups had improved significantly after the treatment, with significantly better improvement in the combination group. After the treatment, the average MoCA score of the combination group had improved significantly while that of the HBO group had not. The average Barthel index scores of both groups improved significantly and there was no significant difference between them after the treatment. The average serum GSH increased after the treatment in the combination group, and the increase was weakly positively correlated with the increase in MMSE scores. The average MDA content of the HBO group decreased after the treatment, and the decrease was positively correlated to the increase in the MMSE scores, but again weakly.Conclusions:Aerobic exercise combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy can effectively improve cognition among PSCI patients. Increases in serum GSH and decreases in serum MDA are weakly positively correlated with cognitive functioning.

Comparative study of confirmed and suspected undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 in Changning District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze and compare the differences between the epidemiological data and clinical indicators of confirmed and suspected undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 in Changning District， Shanghai. Methods:A retrospective comparative study was conducted. We included 20 confirmed and 34 suspected but undiagnosed COVID-19 cases from January 20 to February 29， 2020. We analyzed the differences in epidemiological history， early clinical symptoms， blood routine indicators， and clinical imaging characteristics between the two groups. Results:The epidemic status of COVID-19 in Changning District of Shanghai was mainly imported， and most cases were promptly confirmed. Early clinical symptoms of confirmed and suspected undiagnosed cases often manifested as respiratory symptoms such as fever and dry cough. Compared with the confirmed cases， the cell counts of leukocytes， eosinophils， and neutrophils in suspected undiagnosed cases were significantly higher. Also， the concentration of serum C-reactive protein in suspected cases was higher than that in confirmed cases （P=0.230）. The clinical imaging manifestations of confirmed cases were mainly ground glass opacity （GGO） scattered in both lung leaves， while the suspected undiagnosed cases mainly manifested as plain patch opacity， and the distribution of GGO was more irregular. Conclusion:There exists significant difference in blood routine indicators and clinical imaging features between confirmed and suspected cases of COVID-19.

Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects, changes in life span, and expression of various metabolism-related genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, using RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant strains, after 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) treatment. C. elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates, and their survival was monitored every 24 h. The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase (HK) genes. The average life span of C. elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group. hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA. After successfully interfering hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control. All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed, except cyp-35B3. The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious. The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A4, cyp-35B3, and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control. Thus, the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes, and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.

Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects, changes in life span, and expression of various metabolism-related genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, using RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant strains, after 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) treatment. C. elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates, and their survival was monitored every 24 h. The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase (HK) genes. The average life span of C. elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group. hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA. After successfully interfering hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control. All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed, except cyp-35B3. The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious. The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A4, cyp-35B3, and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control. Thus, the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes, and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.

Research advances in endogenous neural stem cells promoting neural repair after ischemic stroke / 生理学报

Neural stem cell therapy, as a new therapeutic method for neural diseases, has aroused a wide concern for over 20 years since neural stem cells were first found in 1992. Ischemic stroke is highly concerned because of its high incidence, mortality and disability rates. Because the brain has a limited ability to repair itself, to improve neural function and promote neural regeneration may help to prevent occurrence and development of neurological diseases. It is noteworthy that some stroke patients showed an ability to repair brain several months after the stroke happened, suggesting an existence of endogenous nerve repair in these patients. The research advances in functions of endogenous neural stem cells in neural regeneration and the related regulators after ischemic stroke are summarized in this review to provide new views of the mechanism of neural functional recovery after ischemic stroke.

Effects of TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator, on human dental pulp stem cell proliferation in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:How to improve the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)in vitro is of great importance in regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of TAZ, a transcriptional coactivator, on the proliferation of hDPSCs and its potential mechanisms. METHODS:hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulps and cultured in vitro.The expression of TAZ in hDPSCs was detected by immunofluorescence method. Then, we knocked down the expression of TAZ in hDPSCs, and the proliferation of hDPSCs was measured by MTT and BrdU kit analysis respectively. The levels of CTGF and Cry61, which are the downstream target genes of TAZ, were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. We also investigated the effect of TAZ on the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling proteins, Smad3 and Smad 4 by using western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TAZ protein was expressed in hDPSCs. After the transfection by siTAZ for 24 hours, the mRNA and protein levels of TAZ were both significantly decreased. After the transfection by siTAZ for 24 and 48 hours, the proliferation of hDPSCs was obviously inhibited. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of CTGF and Cry61 were decreased by siTAZ transfection. The further research showed that TAZ silence also inhibited the expression of Smad3 and Smad 4, which belonged to the TGF-β signaling pathway. To conclude, TAZ may modulate the proliferation of hDPSCs through regulating the expression of CTGF and Cry61, and TGF-β-dependent signaling pathways may be involved in this regulation.

Effect of adiponectin gene-modified human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on islet neogenesis in diabetic rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is the only lipid-derived cytokine that exerts a protective effect on the human body, and it also plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of adiponectin gene-modified human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) transplantation on islet neogenesis and the relevant mechanism. METHODS: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats without any processing were randomly selected from 98 Sprague-Dawley rats as control group. The remaining rats were used to establish diabetic models by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, and the animal model was successfully prepared in 75 rats. Then, the model rats were randomized into diabetic, hAMSCs, adiponectin-modified hAMSCs groups, followed by 3-day caudal vein injection of normal saline (20 μL), 2×106/L hAMSCs suspension (20 μL), and adiponectin-modified hAMSCs suspension (20 μL), respectively. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels of all rats were detected at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after transplantation. RT-PCR and western blot were used to test mRNA and protein expression of adiponectin, Caspase3 and Bax, respectively at 21 days after transplantation. Pathological changes of the rat pancreatic tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptosis of islet cells was observed using TUNEL method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the blood glucose level was obviously increased, while the serum insulin level was significantly decreased in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Compared with the diabetic group, the blood glucose level was obviously decreased, while the serum insulin level was significantly increased in the hAMSCs group (P < 0.05). Compared with the hAMSCs group, the blood glucose level was further decreased, while the serum insulin level was further increased in the adiponectin-modified hAMSCs group (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of adiponectin at mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher in the adiponectin-modified hAMSCs group than the other groups (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the diabetic group, the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in the adiponectin-modified hAMSCs group (P < 0.01) and in the hAMSCs group (P < 0.05). (4) In the adiponectin-modified hAMSCs group, the morphology of the islet was dramatically recovered and the number of islet cells was minimally reduced. To conclude, the adiponectin-modified hAMSCs transplantation can improve the blood glucose level and promote islet neogenesis in diabetic rats, probably by regulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in the islet and reducing apoptosis in islet cells.

Qualitative detection of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of high-purity ginseng total saponins by using polyclonal antibody against ginsenosides / 中国天然药物

Given the limited studies and conflicting findings, the transport character of ginsenosides crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. The present study was designed to qualitatively determine the distribution of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of ginseng total saponins, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with immunohistochemistry. In brain tissue homogenates, ginsenoside Rg1 was detectable and no other ginsenosides or their metabolites were found. No ginsenosides were detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemistry staining of brain tissue sections by using anti-ginsenoside polyclonal antibodies revealed the localization of ginsenosides in brain tissues. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining revealed that ginsenosides widely existed in vascular endotheliocytes and astrocytes, and in few neurons. These results indicated that Rg1 was the main component that entered the brain after oral administration of ginseng total saponins and that ginsenosides could cross the BBB, although the transport capability of ginsenosides through the BBB may be poor.

Qualitative detection of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of high-purity ginseng total saponins by using polyclonal antibody against ginsenosides / 中国天然药物

Given the limited studies and conflicting findings, the transport character of ginsenosides crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains unclear. The present study was designed to qualitatively determine the distribution of ginsenosides in brain tissues after oral administration of ginseng total saponins, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with immunohistochemistry. In brain tissue homogenates, ginsenoside Rg1 was detectable and no other ginsenosides or their metabolites were found. No ginsenosides were detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemistry staining of brain tissue sections by using anti-ginsenoside polyclonal antibodies revealed the localization of ginsenosides in brain tissues. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining revealed that ginsenosides widely existed in vascular endotheliocytes and astrocytes, and in few neurons. These results indicated that Rg1 was the main component that entered the brain after oral administration of ginseng total saponins and that ginsenosides could cross the BBB, although the transport capability of ginsenosides through the BBB may be poor.

Analysis of virulence genes and the chromosomal 16S rRNA gene polymorphism of Yersinia enterocolitic in Jiangsu Province,2015 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To reveal the virulence genes and the polymorphisms of chromosomal 16S rRNA gene of Yersinia enterocolitic strains isolated from different districts in Jiangsu Province,2015. Methods Five virulence genes(ail,virF,yadA,ystA and ystB)of Yersinia enterocolitic strains isolated from different districts in Jiangsu Province were detected by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal 16S rRNA gene was performed by amplification and sequencing. Results In this study,73 Yersinia enterocolitic strains were collected in Jiangsu Province in 2015.Among them,56(76.7%)strains carried virulence genes,and ail-virF-yadA -ystA -ystB+were the dominate types in diarrhea patients and other hosts.All strains can be clustering into 4 groups according to the phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal 16S rRNA gene.Conclusions The non-pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitic(ystB+)is the dominant strain in Jiangsu province,and the pathogenic strains are also found in this region.The result of phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal 16S rRNA gene and the profiles of virulence genes are highly consistent.

Construction of an evaluation index system for the core competence of chemotherapy specialist nurses / 中华护理杂志

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for the core competence of tumor chemotherapy specialist nurses in China and to provide standards for training of tumor chemotherapy specialist nurses.Methods Through literature research and expert meeting,the first draft of index system was established,and consultation questionnaire was compiled.Two rounds of consultation were conducted with 23 experts in China using Delphi method.AHP method was used to determine the weights of indicators at all levels.Results The effective rates of 2 rounds of expert consultation were 100％ and 73.91％,respectively.In the 2 rounds of consultation,the expert authority coefficients were 0.855 and 0.867,respectively.The coordination coefficient of first and second level indexes and expert opinions were 0.693 and 0.371 (P＜0.001),respectively.The final evaluation index system for the core competence of tumor chemotherapy specialist nurses included 5 first-level indexes (positive professional attitude,sufficient clinical practice ability,strong educational counseling ability,basic clinical research and evidencebased practice ability,and basic management ability),16 second-level indexes,and 59 third-level indexes.Conclusion The evaluation index system for chemotherapy specialist nurses based on core competence determined by expert consultation is scientific and reasonable,and can provide a powerful basis for training qualified chemotherapy specialist nurses.

Effects of cryotherapy and microwave therapy on Little's area epistaxis in children / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To compare the clinical efficacy of cryotherapy and microwave therapy for Little's area idiopathic epistaxis in children.Methods · Clinical data of 675 children with idiopathic epistaxis treated in outpatient service of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2009 to July 2015 were collected, who were divided into cryotherapy group (566 cases) and microwave therapy group (109 cases). The overall inadequacy of the patients was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the operation, and then the patients were followed up for one year. The curative rates of the two groups were compared. Results · The curative rates of cryotherapy group and microwave therapy group were 96.20% and 86.67%, respectively. The VAS score of the cryotherapy group was better than that of the microwave therapy group (P=0.000), and the mucosa of the cryotherapy group recovered well without scars. Conclusion · The cryotherapy for Little's area idiopathic epistaxis in children was safe,effective and simple, with the mucosa recovering well postoperatively, which can improve curative rate and reduce patients' pain. Meanwhile it was more economical, and easier to be accepted by patients and their families.

Effects of cryotherapy and microwave therapy on Little's area epistaxis in children / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To compare the clinical efficacy of cryotherapy and microwave therapy for Little's area idiopathic epistaxis in children.Methods · Clinical data of 675 children with idiopathic epistaxis treated in outpatient service of Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2009 to July 2015 were collected, who were divided into cryotherapy group (566 cases) and microwave therapy group (109 cases). The overall inadequacy of the patients was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the operation, and then the patients were followed up for one year. The curative rates of the two groups were compared. Results · The curative rates of cryotherapy group and microwave therapy group were 96.20% and 86.67%, respectively. The VAS score of the cryotherapy group was better than that of the microwave therapy group (P=0.000), and the mucosa of the cryotherapy group recovered well without scars. Conclusion · The cryotherapy for Little's area idiopathic epistaxis in children was safe,effective and simple, with the mucosa recovering well postoperatively, which can improve curative rate and reduce patients' pain. Meanwhile it was more economical, and easier to be accepted by patients and their families.