[ effects of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers of type 2 diabetic patients]

Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a main role in the incidence of diabetes complications. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes complications for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplement on glycemia, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial was carried out on 59 diabetic patients, aged 25-65 years, referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided in 2 groups, the probiotic and the placebo. Patients in each group received 2 capsules per day for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to evaluate glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers

Results: Mean fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased by 9% [132.7 +/- 34 vs. 146.5 +/- 44] in the probiotic group during the intervention [P=0.001]. Results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, whereas there were none observed in IL-6 and TNF alpha between the two groups after intervention

Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that probiotic consumption may help in diabetes control through reducing glycemia and insulin resistance

[Predicting factors associated with healthy eating nutritional behavior at primary school students in Tehran: an application of the health action process approach [HAPA]]

Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the relationship of variables of psycho-social behaviors in mothers with healthy nutritional eating behavior in primary school students of district 5 in Tehran. Materials and Methods: For this a cross- sectional study, samples were selected by the cluster sampling approach. In total, 200 students were selected from non-government schools in district 5 of Tehran. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, including the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire [YAQ], the food frequency questionnaire, the socio-demographic questionnaire, and the Health Action Process Approach questionnaire. Data was analyzed using LISREL 8.8

Results: In the motivational phase, risk perception [P<0.05, p=-0.40], outcome expectation [P<0.05, p=0.34] and task self-efficacy [P<0.05, p=0.23] were significantly associated with nutritional intention behavior. Moreover, action planning was significantly associated with coping planning [P<0.001, p=0.27], two factors accounting for 59% of variance coping planning for I diagnostic validation. In the voluntary phase, action planning [P<0.001, p=0.32], coping planning [P<0.001, p=0.27] and proactive improvement [P<0.001, p=0.31] were positively related to healthy nutritional behavior, which explained 79% of the variance

Conciusion: A strong correlation between psychological - social behavior variables in healthy nutritional behaviors of mothers and students' showed that mothers play a vital role in promoting children's nutritional behaviors. Students training programs should involve mothers in all educational nutrition interventions

Role of probiotics in glycemic controls and body weight in type 2 diabetes: a systematic of human and animal studies

Publications evaluating the effects of probiotics on glycemic parameters, body weight change and food intakes have increased steadily in recent years. This study hence assessed all related human and animal studies. In the present systematic review, we used search engines to collect relevant data until May 2014, concerning the effects of probiotics on body weight changes, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], insulin, and insulin resistance in T2DM. Twenty-five animal and four human articles met our inclusion criteria, articles which generally reported positive effects of probiotics on glycemic parameters. Lactobacillus sub-strains were used in all studies except for one. Most of the human and animal studies reported significant reduction in FPG and delay in the onset of T2DM, respectively; only animal studies reported significant reduction in OGTT. Few studies showed significant reduction and increase in HbA1c and insulin levels, respectively. Most studies reported significant increment in body weight after intervention, whereas only a few reported significant reductions in this parameter. This study showed that the administration of probiotics have beneficial effects on glycemic parameters, although their effects on body weight were inconsistent. Therefore, considering the controversial results among human and animal reports, more data evidence is needed to conduct a meta-analysis

[Glycaemic index and load of dietetic sour cherry jam prepared with date syrup in healthy persons]

Date syrup is a natural sweetener rich in antioxidants. In addition, fructose is the predominant sugar in date syrup, which elevates blood glucose at a slower pace than the other types of sugar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the glycemic response of healthy persons to dietetic sour cherry jam prepared with date syrup. In this clinical trial, the glycemic response of 9 healthy persons was evaluated after the consumption of two kinds of jams, one prepared with date syrup and one as a control. Both jams had been produced using a specific formulation. White bread was chosen as the reference food. Having determined the glycemic index [GI] of the two jams, glycemic load [GL] was calculated and compared for the two jams by independent t-test. GL was 15.4 and 18 for the dietetic and control jams respectively, both of which were within the permitted range for diabetic's consumption. No significant difference was observed between the GIs of the two jams. The results showed that, the GL of the dietetic jam was significantly lower than that of the control [p<0.05]. The GL of the dietetic jam prepared with date syrup was less than that of the control sample. In light of the other health benefits of date syrup, once confirmed by further studies, this jam may be suitable to be introduced to the public as a dietetic product

[ effect of safety management program on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] in health care personnel]

Health care personnel are always exposed to occupational injuries especially injuries due to sharp and cutting things. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of safe management performance on knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] levels of the health care personnel of Baqyatallah Hospital, Iran. This experimental study was carried out in 2010, and 115 nurses were selected from 8 parallel wards; two random groups were shaped: experimental [n=59] and control [n=56] groups. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire including 59 questions on the personnel's knowledge, attitude and practice. The KAP was assessed in both groups after a two-month training period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent and paired t-test [P < 0.05]. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice in the experimental group before training were 6 +/- 2.4, 52.1 +/- 6.2 and 80.5 +/- 10.3 respectively; the corresponding scores in the control group were 5.9 +/- 2.3, 51.6 +/- 7 and 77.4 +/- 13.2 respectively; the difference between the two groups before training was not significant [P > 0.05]. However, the KAP scores of the experimental group after training became 15.7 +/- 2.6, 58.1 +/- 2.7 and 87 +/- 4.6 respectively, with the corresponding control group scores of 6.2 +/- 1.8, 50.6 +/- 7.1 and 76.7 +/- 13 respectively; the difference after training was significant [P < 0.05]. Implementing the safety management program caused an increase in the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care personnel and improved the safety levels

Geographic heterogeneity of cytogenetic characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia in the early detection: a comparative study of Iranian and Indian adult patients

Acute Meyloid Leukemia [AML] in adults is known to be a heterogeneous disease with diverse chromosome abnormalities. Some of these chromosome abnormalities are found with a high incidence in populations from specific geographical areas and ethnic societies. Therefore, we studied the cytogenetic features of AML cases in contrasting societies of Iran and India. Cytogenetic investigation was performed in various subtypes of AML with unstimulated short-term culture and High Resolution Cell Synchronization with some modification. Cytogenetically, Iranian M3 displayed a higher frequency of t[15;17] than Indian M3 [33.8% vs 19.3%] followed by M2 [t[8;21] [27.7% vs 16.2%]] and M1 [t[9;22] [16.0% vs 11.3%]]; whereas, inv[16]11q23 and numerical chromosomal aberrations in chromosome 5,7,8 occurred more frequently in Indian than Iranian. These findings represented different cytogenetic characteristics of t[15;17] between the two populations. This is the first systematic cytogenetic study of an ethnic Iranian population. Extensive biological studies of AML in Iran and India and various countries to be needed to clarify the role of genetic as well as geographic heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of AML

[ effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in mechanically ventilated patients]

Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest physiotherapy techniques before endotracheal suctioning can be used to facilitate mobilizing and removing airway secretions. The study was conducted to determine the effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. A clinical trial study design was undertaken with a sample of 70 mechanically ventilated patients drawn from intensive care units and emergency department of Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital in Tehran. They were selected through purposive convenience sampling. All participants received two endotracheal suctioning with and without rib cage compression. There was at least three hours interval between the two interventions. Expiratory rib cage compression was performed for five minutes before endotracheal suctioning. Sputum was collected in a pre-weighed sputum trap attached to the suction catheter. Data were collected using data recording sheet. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data [version 11.5], using Paired T-test. Mean of removed airway-secretions by rib cage compression was 3.66 compare to 3.21 without rib cage compression. Significant differences in airway-secretion removal between the two methods [P<0.0001] were demonstrated. Findings indicated that expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning improves airway-secretion removal, compare to performing only endotracheal suctioning. The study recommends performing expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning in patients receiving mechanical ventilation

[Comparison of the PCR and LAMP techniques in the diagnosis of salmonella infection]

There are several techniques for the diagnosing of salmonella infectious. Several molecular methods such as PCR and hybridization assay have recently been used for the detection of this bacterium. However, these methods require precision instruments for amplification and complex procedures, which are the major obstacles to the widespread use of these methods in relatively small scale clinical laboratories, clinics and the filed laboratories. Recently, a new, rapid and sensitive technique called loop-mediated isothermal amplification [LAMP] was developed. In this study we used 7 different strains of salmonella to compare the PCR with LAMP method. For PCR test we used thermocycler, but The LAMP reaction can be conducted under isothermal conditions by using only one type of enzyme and four primers recognizing six distinct regions. The most important merit of this method is that no denaturation of the DNA template is required, so, technique is simple and no need to thermocycler machine and several temperatures cycles. Conventional PCR method for the detection of Salmonella with standard thermocylcer takes 3 hrs but, with LAMP method we were able to amplify and detect the salmonella in very simple thermal block made in IRAN. After Optimization of the process it was possible to rapidly detect and identify Salmonella typhi bacteria within 90 minutes. This method was also 100 times more sensitive comparing to the PCR method. According to the results, comparing LAMP isothermal amplification method for detection and identification of Salmonella with conventional PCR we have been able to determine the simplicity, speed [3 times] and the superior sensitivity [100 times] of the LAMP to PCR method. This Method is more simple, faster and cheaper [10 times]. Another advantage is independence to cycle's temperature and thermo-cycling and replacement with one thermo block which is very simple, inexpensive and made in inside the country

[Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among women in Minoodar district of Qazvin; interventional propositions]

Regarding the social changes and epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases, the health status and life style change specially in women of our country, and in view of multi-factorial etiology of cardiovascular diseases, evaluating the risk factors of such clinical complications seems to be of prime importance. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among women aged 20 years and over, in Minoodar district of Qazvin, accompanied with interventional propositions to lower the risk of such diseases. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 [out of a total population of 40,000, based on cluster sampling] women aged 20 or above in Minoodar district of Qazvin, in 2007. Questionnaire, physical exam, and biochemical tests were the materials of the present research. Using SPSS 11, the data were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The mean systolic blood pressure in study population was 118 +/- 16 and diastolic 76 +/- 10 mmHg, waist circumference 95 +/- 12 cm, total cholesterol 173.5 +/- 33, triglycerides 146 +/- 55mg/dl. The values obtained for the prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were, cigarette smoker 0.8%, physical inactivity 62%, undesired body mass index 80%, waist circumference over 88 cm 97.5%, high blood pressure 6.5%, diabetes mellitus 5%, hypercholesterolemia 21%, hypertriglyceridemia 36.5%, and metabolic syndrome 30%. In view of high prevalence of risk factors found in our study, mobilizing the activities into interventional approaches to lower the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is of prime priorities and mass media could play a crucial role in this regard

[Association of uric acid and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes]

High serum uric acid is associated with kidney damage manifested by glomerular sclerosis, hypertrophy and albuminuria in animal models. To evaluate the relationship between elevated serum uric acid and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in type2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 290 patients [130 males and 160 females] with type 2 diabetes were recruited for measuring, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR]. The data obtained for albumin/creatinine ratio were expressed as mean +/- SD or percentage and a P value 0.05 was considered as significant. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical studies. The mean ages of patients were 58.2 +/- 8.6 years. Uric acid levels for normalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and marcoalbuminuria were [5.1 +/- 0.7, 6.3 +/- 1.1, and 8.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, respectively]. While the uric acid level in men was shown to have a positive correlation with natural logarithmic ACR [Ln [ACR]], [Segma=0.53, p<0.05], a positive correlation with both triglycerides and Ln [ACR] was found among women [Segma=0.263, P<0.01]. Based on our data, serum uric acid was found to be independently correlated with urinary ACR in patients with type 2 diabetes

[ effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth in short stature school-aged children in Qazvin]

Physical growth retardation is an early and prominent feature of zinc deficiency. To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth of school children with short stature in Qazvin during 2004-2005. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial during a 5-month period. Anthropometric data were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months. Measurements included plasma zinc concentration, height, weight, nutrition state. Subjects were 30 short stature female students [<3rd percentile] aged 10-11 years. Children were randomly divided into two groups, one with zinc supplementation [15mg/day ZnSo4] and the other with placebo. As control group, 15 healthy children with normal growth were included. The prevalence of short stature in children was 7.1% [52 from 725 children]. The mean age was 10.5 +/- 0.5 years. After supplementation, zinc group showed a higher serum zinc concentration [89.5 +/- 12.99 vs. 81.1 +/- 9.04 microg/dl, p=0.009] compared to the placebo group [72.66 +/- 7.82 vs. 86.13 +/- 17.8 microg/dl] with one child found to have serum zinc concentration of less than 70 microg/dl. The linear growth rose at 3, 4, and 5 months following supplementation. The height velocity was significantly increased in zinc group [3.22 +/- 0.9cm] comparing with placebo [2.33 +/- 0.7cm] and control [3.02 +/- 1.59cm] groups [p=0.004]. The weight increase was statistically significant only at the end of 5 months compared to the beginning of study. Zinc supplementation caused an increase in growth velocity and serum zinc concentration. Regarding the notable prevalence of zinc deficiency in female students during the adolescence growth spurt, zinc supplementation is recommended

[ study of body mass index in students of Bam educational centers]

Nowadays obesity is assumed as a global health problem and its prevalence increased in recent decade. It is known as a risk factor for several diseases such as diabetes mellitus. hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease and cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the obesity and overweight in Bam students. 330 students [140 male and 190 female] with mean age of 21.78 +/- 2.61 were selected from Bam educational centers in stratified sampling. Weight and height were measured without shoes and unneeded cloths. Weight and height were measured using a standard protocol and body mass index [kg/m[2]] was calculated. The criteria used to define body composition were based on BMI cut-off points of the WHO expert committee. The results shows the mean and SD BMI were 21.082 +/- 3.216 overall, and 22.08 +/- 3.08, 21.59 +/- 3.31, respectively, in male and female students. 14.1% of students were underweight, 70.9% normal weight. 12.1% overweight and 2.1% obese. 12.7% of females and 13.8% of males had visceral obesity. A significant relation between family history of obesity and BMI is seen [P<0.05]. As results show some of female and male students are in a degree of overweight and obesity, therefore launching nutritional services and life style modification program are recommended

[ opinion of Qazvin medical students on their future career]

The opinion of students towards future career affects the quality of education and there are different factors influencing a persons attitude on future career. To determine the opinion of medical students studying at different levels [basic sciences, physiopathology and clinical section] towards future career. The present descriptive study was carried out in Qazvin during the academic year of 2000-2001. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total number of 339 students participated in the study by filling the questionnaires. The data were further analyzed using chi-square statistical test. The results indicated that 87% of the students were eager to continue their education in speciality courses. Among students, the most important reason for field selection was self-satisfaction. From scientific, social, and economical points of view, the field was evaluated as [very well] by 43%, 17.7%, and 5.3%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the educational levels and the points [0-10] given by students to medical course compared to other professions [p<0.001]. The students of physiopathology level gave the highest score [9]. There was also a significant relationship between the educational level and the present opinion of the students as compared with the beginning of the course [p<0.001]. A negative opinion was found to be higher among the medical stagers compared with those of other levels. A negative attitude into future career was more obvious among the students of higher levels. Perhaps it could be concluded that, although the field of medicine was mainly chosen based on personal interest, nevertheless, the majority of students believed that their future economic prosperity is unlikely to be met by being qualified as GPs

effect of dexamethasone and high protein diet on protein metabolism in patients with head trauma

Injuries and head trauma are considered to produce stress in patients which is accompanied with increased body catabolism reflected as higher secretion of urinary urea nitrogen.To determine the effect of dexamethasone and high protein diet on protein metabolism in head trauma patients. Through a clinical trial, 24 head trauma patients were randomly divided into two groups in which one group received dexamethasone three times a day plus high protein diet [study group], and the second group was only high protein diet [control group] for 14 days. Determination of urea nitrogen was carried out on 24-hour urine specimens collect before and after 14 days following the administration of high protein diet. The excretion of urinary urea nitrogen was increased in case group whereas it was decreased [p<0.05] in control group. However, following the administration of high protein diet, the urea nitrogen content was reduced in both case and control groups and the reduction of this substance in control group was statically significant. Dexamethasone had no effect on improving the head trauma patients' conditions. Protein-rich diet caused a decrease in excretion of urinary urea nitrogen