RESUMEN
Resistance to clarithromycin in H. pylori isolates is accepted as a main cause of treatment failure in developing countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant strains isolated from dyspeptic patients in northern Iran, furthermore we aimed to assess the relationship between clinical outcomes of infection with point mutations. A total of 147 consecutive patients infected with H. pylori were included for determining the status of resistant H. pylori strains. With upper gastroscopy, three antral biopsies were taken from each patient, first section for rapid urea test, second for pathology and third section was used for bacterial culture in microbiologic lab. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests in this examination were agar dilution, in accordance with clinical and laboratory standards institue guidelines. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR [RFLP-PCR] method was applied to determine the frequency of point mutations in 23s rRNA gene. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software [15.0] [SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Ill]. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied to our analysis. A P value less than 5% was considered as statistically significant. Our results showed that there was no point mutation in clarithromycin-susceptible strains of H. pylori. The important findings in our study indicate that A2143G is the most prevalent point mutation [30/32: 93.7%] attributed in clarithromycin resistance among the H. pylori strains. The current study concluded that clarithromycin could still be involved in the empirical treatment of H. pylori infection, although a high frequency of A2143G mutation may increase the concerns regarding treatment failure
RESUMEN
Background: H. pylori is one of gastric bacterial infectious agents that reported from world whole. This organism is heterogen and have hyper variable regions in its genome that to cause organism escape from immune response. H. pylori cagA+ strains will report that is stimulating factor for adenocarcinoma, gastritis in infected persons. H. pylori LPS have less toxicity, mitogenicity and pyrogenicity than Entrobactericeae. In this study we investigated the LPS and rCagA senergistic effect on stimulation of Th1 immune response in mice model
Materials and Methods: LPS of H. pylori O[2] serotype was extracted by hot phenol-water method. Proper conserved fragment of cagA was expressed in proper vectors. These antigens were injected to Balb/c mice and immune response was assayed by ELISA
Results: the IgG1/IgG2a ratio in the immunized mice with rCagA and rCagA plus CpG was <1, indicating a Th1 type response, while the control group was >1, indicating a strong Th2 response. In mice immunized with LPS and rCagA, the immune response elevated which indicated synergistic effect of this antigen on stimulating of strong immune response against H. pylori infection
Conclusion: effective immunizations against H. pylori will possible affected treatment in next future. Protective immune response in H. pylori is balance between Th1/Th2.These data suggest that immunization with rCagA and LPS promoted a Th1 immune response. H. pylori rCagA and LPS serve as an excellent antigen for immunization. In conclusion, we recommended multicomponent vaccine contain of rCagA and LPS for vaccine formulation against H. pylori infection
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial resistance among enterococci species isolated in Tehran Baghyatallah Hospital. It consisted of 126 isolates of E. faecalis [86%], E. faecium [9%] and other Enterococus Spp. [5%] isolated from urine [34.92%], blood [27.77%], wound swabs [19.84], stool [5%] endotracheal secretions [3.37%], abscess [3.4%], dialysis fluids [1.7%] and catheter [4%]. Twelve [9.5%] isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The VRE isolates were resistant to ampicillin [75%], erythromycin [50%], tetracycline [58%], ciprofloxacin [41.6%], chloramphenicol [33.3%] and gentamicin [41.6%]. Two [16.66%] of VRE isolates were multidrug resistant. Eight [66.6%] of the vancomycin-resistant strains and all of the MDR strains carried the vanA phenotype and genotype. The MIC of VRE isolates were between 32-512 micro g/ml. Our results show that most glycopeptide resistant E. faecalis and E. Faecium carried vanA. It is also possible that frequency of infections caused by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci will increase in our geographical area