[Phytochemical response of sweet basil [ocimum basilicum] to application of methanol biostimulant and iron nano-chelate]

Background: Ocimum basilicum L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil is antibacterial and anti-fungi it is used an appetizer and counterfeit. Methanol spraying as a source of providing carbon for C3 plant, can increase the plant yield, and its rate of ripping it can decrease the effect of water stress

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and nano-iron chelated fertilizer on phytochemical and morph physiological characteristics of basil

Methods: In this research, the factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with 20 treatments and 3 replications was carried out. The treatments of this experiment were consisted of five levels of Methanol [0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 %] and four levels of Nano-iron chelate [0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/L] fertilizer

Results: The study showed that spraying methanol with 20% volume along with 1 g/L of nanoiron chelated increased dry matter and oil yield and also increased methyl-cahvicol and Caryophyllene in Basil. Results showed that activity of Glutathione peroxidase enzyme was increased with increasing the percentage of bio simulative methanol, while activity of polyphenol oxidase was decreased

Conclusion: Nano-iron chelated increased the activity of these enzymes. It can be concluded that higher densities of bio-simulative methanol and Nano-iron chelated increased essential oil, methylcahvicol and some other affective enzymes which decrease induced environmental stresses. Although, higher densities of them would decrease biosynthesis of neral and neryl formate

[Marital conflicts the role of defense styles and emotional schemas]

Introduction: Marital conflict is one of the common problems in couple relationship that has been the interest of counselors and family therapists since its devastating effects. This study has been done to examine the role of defensive style and emotional schemas in marital conflicts

Methods: This study was a correlational one. The population consisted of parents of children kept in kindergarten in the city of Ardabil in the years of 92-93. A total of 240 parents [120 couples] were selected in a random sampling and answered the questionnaires about marital conflict [Sanaei and Barati, 1375], defensive styles [Andrews, shinee, and Bowen, 1993] and emotional schemas [Leahy, 2002]. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and step to step regression

Results: The results showed that the relationship of the marital conflict variables and mature and immature defensive styles and emotional schemas are statistically significant. There was just, neurotic defensive style variables of other variables which was not statistically significant. Also, the results showed that immature defensive style has greatest role in increasing marital conflict

Conclusion: According to our findings, there is a relation between defensive style and emotional schema with marital conflict and they predict it significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to examine insufficient defensive style and emotional schema to reduce marital conflict; thus, strategies are recommended to improve it

[Effectiveness of solution- focused brief therapy [SFBT] on couple burnout and divorce tendency in married women]

Introduction: Couple burnout is one of the problems that is a main reason for emotional divorce because of its adverse and destructive effects on marital system and creating psycho-emotional distance in a couple, and this problem, if untreated, will prepare the grounds for formal divorce. The solution-focused brief therapy is a postmodern approach in couple therapy and family therapy which focuses on finding solutions by the client in cooperation with the therapist. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy in couple burnout and divorce tendency among married women

Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study and pretest-posttest with control group design is used. The population consists of all married women with marital conflicts and problems who have visited Golha House of health, located in the 6[th] district of Tehran city in the second half of 2013. In this study, the sampling method was available sampling. Thus, 30 women who were qualified to participate in meetings and had earned the highest scores in the survey questionnaire were selected, and they were placed in experimental and control groups through random assignment [each n=15]. The data gathering tools in this study were pains couple burnout measure [CBM] and the Divorce Tendency Scale of Roswelt, Jonson and, Moro [DTS] 1986, which were completed by the subjects in the pretest. The intervention group was exposed to solution-focused brief therapy for seven two-hour sessions in groups, in a step-by-step manner with the sequence of one session per week. But no intervention was performed in the control group. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics methods and through multivariate analysis of covariance [MANCOVA] in software SPSS20

Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant reduction in couple burnout and divorce tendency [P= 0.000] of married women after performing solution-focused brief therapy. The mean and standard devietion of couple burnout and divorce tendency of interference group in pretest respectively was 113/6 +/- 20/04 and 126/53 +/- 31/12 and in post test stage was 94/6 +/- 21/69 and 102/26 +/- 22/15. In control group also mean and standard devietion of couple burnout and divorce tendency before interference respectively was108/53 +/- 16/68 and 106/46 +/- 27/21 and after interference was 106/93 +/- 28/16

Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that solution-focused brief therapy has been able to be effective in reducing couple burnout and divorce tendency among married women. Counselors and family therapists can use this short-term, efficient and effective therapy approach to solve marital conflicts and help people to improve their marital relationships

[Effect of a period circuit resistance training on components of the metabolic syndrome in females with type II diabetes]

Introduction: Physical activity has beneficial effects in the prevention of metabolic syndrome components. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circuit resistance training on changes in fasting blood glucose, blood fat and blood pressure in females with type II diabetes

Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty females volunteers with diabetes Type II [aged 50.2 +/- 4.8yr, BMI 30.16 +/- 3.6 kg/m2] participated and were randomly divided into a circuit resistance training and a control group aged 51.3 +/- 6.63yr, BMI 30.5 +/- 4.8 kg/m2. Circuit resistance training included of leg extensions, lying leg curl, bench press, cable triceps pushdown, frontarm, leg press, cable Row and sit-ups with 40-65% 1RM for 3 days a week. Blood pressure and body composition was measured before starting the training protocol and after the last training session. Changes from baseline were assessed using the paired sample t-test. In addition, pre-and-post comparisons between groups were analyzed, using the independent student t-test

Results: Results showed significant changes in glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] [P<0.03] and total cholesterol [TC][P<0.02] between these two groups after intervention, whereas no significant changes occurred in fasting blood sugar, triglycerides [TG], highdensity lipoprotein [HDL-C], lowdensity lipoprotein [LDL-C], levels or in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or waist to hip ratio [WHR]

Conclusions: Circuit resistance training with 40-65%1RM can decrease glycosylated hemoglobin and total cholesterol in patients and plays an important role in improving symptoms of metabolic syndrome in patients

[A comparison of efficiency and effectiveness of Karaj Shahid Rajaie Hospital before and after decentralization: 2012]

Introduction: decentralization is known an improve process and Promotion of health system and Inevitable part of wide reforms to promote equity, efficiency, quality, Economic justification. Administrative assignment is a method for Decentralization of government. The aim of this study was Comparison of Efficiency and Effectiveness of Karaj Shahid Rajaie Hospital before and after decentralization

Methods: this study was analytical and Comparison. Undertaken work cross - sectional. The data were collected via the questionnaire and Data collection form. After of data collection of before and after decentralization analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19 software and Statistical methods used are descriptive and analytical statistics [Mann-Whitney U]

Results: after of decentralization inpatient beds 4.8%, occupation beds 3.6%, percent of occupation Bed 0.3%, numbers of discharge of those 3.4% rate of rotation of the hospital bed 1.3% was increase . Numbers of inpatient in the after decentralization 3.3% and numbers of outpatient

16.5% increased hospital costs with inflation 2012, 19% decreased and hospital total revenues was increase overall of 6.5% .hospital infection rates in the after decentralization, 0.06% increased employee satisfaction average before of decentralization was mean and after decentralization was high. There are significant differences [P <0.0001], inpatient satisfaction average before of decentralization was low and after decentralization was mean. There are significant differences [P<0.0001]

Conclusion: efficiency and Effectiveness of karaj Shahid Rajaie Hospital after decentralization was Improvement, therefore Politicians and managers of health system should good infrastructure for the use of this mechanism in order to health system reform, especially public Hospitals

[ effect of priacetam in aphasia due to acute brain ischemic stroke: clinical trial]

Background and Aims: Stroke incidence is 15 million people world wide annually and one third of these patients suffer from aphasia. Aphasia is often associated with significant disability in patients. Costs due to cerebrovascular diseases play an important role in national health expenditures. We aimed to assess the effect of piracetam in treatment of aphasia

Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke after completing informed consent form were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group recieved standard treatment and 4800 mg piracetam daily for 12 weeks and the control group received standard treatment plus placebo. All patients on admission, and one, two, and three months post-stroke were evaluated using Nilipour Farsi aphasia test

Results: A total of 40 patients with stroke and mean age of 60.1 +/- 17.2 years were assessed. Among them, the Broca aphasia had the most frequency and global and Wernicke aphasia had the least. The aphasia test showed significant difference between the intervention and control groups at the first and second months of follow-up; but the difference was not significant at the third month

Conclusion: Totally, piracetam does not affect the rate of recovery from aphasia, despite increasing patients' early recovery

Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infections in patients before and after of kidney transplantation

Urinary tract infections and bacteremia are the major problems in renal transplant patients, which are mostly due to immunesuppressive regimens, surgery, and exposure to the germs in hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents in the blood and urine samples of kidney transplant candidates. In this one-year-long study, thirty-three renal transplant candidates were assessed for urine and blood cultures. One urine and blood samples from each patient before transplantation and three samples after transplantation were collected. The Samples, using standard microbiological methods, were investigated and infectious organisms identified. In 133 urine samples, Escherichia coli [20.5%], Enterobacter spp. [5.3%], Klebsiella spp. [3%] and Staphylococcus epidermidis [1.5%] were isolated. In the blood samples, Enterobacter spp. [9.1%], Escherichia coli [6.8%], Staphylococcus epidermidis [3.8%] and Klebsiella spp. [0.8%] were isolated. The results indicate that urinary tract infection was high in patients with transplanted kidney, and E. coli is the most common cause of this infection

[Investigation of nursing job satisfaction in university hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan university of medical sciences]

Today, health system is challenging with decreased or lack of nursing job satisfaction. Lack of nursing satisfaction that are major human resources of health, can lead to decrease quality of services, desertion, and work absence by nurses. Current study reviewed the nursing job satisfaction in teaching hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. In descriptive-analytical study, 250 nurses selected from 14 clinical departments of 3 university hospitals by simple random sampling. Data gathered by WHO's standard questionnaire of satisfaction that included demographic data and 36 questions about professional, communication and cooperative, managerial, and financial benefits and facilities dimensions. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, using SPSS Software. Nursing job satisfaction was 3.18 +/- 0.54 in moderate level. Average satisfaction of nursing from studied dimensions were respectively communication and cooperation 3.42 +/- 0.6, professional 3.35 +/- 0.6, managerial 2.63 +/- 0.83, and financial benefits and facilities 2.34 +/- 0.76. The relationship of individual dimensions with job satisfaction were respectively professional [r=0.94], managerial [r=0.79], communication and cooperative [r=0.78], and financial benefits and facilities [r=0.63]. Rate of nursing job satisfaction was moderate. The results of this study, showed that explaining the related dimensions on job satisfaction, can help hospitals' managers to manage better each of them by mechanisms such as reducing the professional stressful factors, improving the managerial methods, and justifing the payment system

Comparison of maternal characteristics in low birth weight and normal birth weight infants

Low birth weight is a key determinant in the risk of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and during childhood. This unmatched case–control study in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran, compared the characteristics of mothers of low- and normal-birth-weight infants. Maternal sociodemographic data, pregnancy history, anthropometric data and cord plasma zinc level were collected from 134 mothers of low-birth-weight infants and 134 mothers of normal infants at the time of delivery. Significant differences in maternal characteristics namely gravida, parity, body mass index, maternal weight gain during pregnancy and plasma cord blood zinc were found between low- and normal-birth-weight infants. There were no significant differences in maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, family income, previous abortion, previous preterm labour, birth interval, type of clinic and place of residence between the 2 groups.

Internet infidelity: exploration of attitudes towards partners internet behaviors

Today, the Internet has become a part of our everyday life and online communications have made it easy for people to develop interpersonal relationships. However, certain problems and difficulties have arisen from this issue. One of these problems, which have been prevalent among couples and families, is extramarital internet relationships or internet infidelity. The present research has been done to study people's attitudes towards this phenomenon. A 43-item Internet Infidelity Questionnaire [IIQ] was presented on a website designed for this purpose. 481 Iranian users who were members of Farsi language forums and chat rooms were selected through available community sampling and enrolled in the study. To analyze research data, descriptive statistics and the t-test were used. The results showed that either women or men considered online sexual activities of their partners as traitorous compared with friendly and emotional activities in cyberspace. In addition, women in comparison with men had a more negative attitude towards their partners' internet activity [especially online sexual activities]. This study expanded our understanding of the traditional concept of infidelity that had merely limited it to face-to-face sexual and emotional behavior. The results also showed that women had more negative attitudes towards such activities compared to men.

[Dietary intake in people with spinal cord injury based on sex, obesity and injury related variable in brain and spinal injury repair research center]

Despite an increased risk of obesity and CHD in people with spinal cord injury [SCI], there is little known about the dietary intake in this group, therefore the aim of this study was to examine nutrient intake and body mass index [BMI] in the spinal cord injury [SCI] population according to level of injury and related variables. In this cross-sectional study, 162 patients with spinal cord injury participated from Brain and Spinal Injury Repair research Center, Tehran, Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The mean age of study population was 34.1 +/- 0.6 years. Total energy and carbohydrate intake were higher in men than women [P<0.001]. Incomplete injured consumed more MUFA [P=0.03]. The elderly were consumed less total calorie, saturated fat, MUFA, cholesterol [P<0.01] and PUFA [P<0.05]. Injured patients with longer times had lower total calorie, carbohydrate [P<0.01], total fat and MUFA intake [P<0.05]. Based on new classification 60.5% were at the risk of obesity or obese. Central obesity was seen in 33.1%of man and 48.4% of women. BMI of the paraplegia group was greater than that of the tetraplegia group [P=0.009]. Macronutrients balance is moved towards higher saturated fat intake and less complex carbohydrates and protein intake in SCI patient's. The elderly and patients who had lived with SCI longer time tended to maintain healthier diets

Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus species from intestinal contents of beluga [Huso huso] and Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus]

Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram-positive, usually non-motile, non-sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major or sole product of their fermentative metabolism. In this study, the presence of lactobacilli were investigated in the intestines of beluga [Huso huso] and Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus], inhabiting Caspian sea. The obtained data showed that various species of lactobacilli populations were found at high levels in the intestines of fishes. Total number of lactobacilli was about 10[5.3] and 10[6.4] cfu/g of intestinal content for beluga and Persian sturgeon, respectively. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of 84 strains isolated from intestines of beluga and Persian sturgeon revealed that these strains can be categorized into 2 metabolic groups; facultative and obligate heterofermentatives. The most common presumptive lactobacilli species were Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum. The current study is the first report on the isolation of lactobacilli from the intestine of beluga and Persian sturgeon

Students' attitudes and practices towards drug and alcohol use at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

This questionnaire survey examined attitudes and practices towards alcohol and drug use among male university students living in a dormitory at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. Of 173 students, about one third [32%] had tried alcohol or drugs at least once in the last 6 months: 16% had tried alcohol, 6% cannabis, 6% opium and 2% heroin. Sixteen students [9%] reported they were abusing alcohol and 16 [9%] other illicit drugs, with 2 using drugs by injection. Many students believed that smoking and drug and alcohol use in the dormitory created disruption and an unpleasant atmosphere

[Comparison of antioxidant system in patients with ischemic heart disease and control group and its relation to ceruloplasmin]

Coronary heart diseases, specially myocardial ischemias due to atherosclerosis, are among the major causes of mortality in industrialized societies. Oxidative stress occurs during ischemia. This finding has been confirmed by in vitro studies which have shown some changes in antioxidant concentration during ischemia. However, antioxidant system status and its relation to ceruloplasmin as a risk factor have not been studied in patients with ischemic heart disease [IHD]. This study was conducted to evaluate this status. This case-control study carried out on 99 men, aged 35-55 years. Two groups including 29 patients with IHD due to coronary artery stenosis above 70 percent, confirmed by angiography and exercise tests, and 70 healthy men without heart disease, diabetes and hypertension background were studied. Blood samples were collected from all subjects early in the morning. Then catalase and superoxide dismutase [SOD] activities, total antioxidant of serum [TAS], ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde [MDA] concentrations were measured by a spectrophotometric method. TAS, SOD and catalase levels were 0.9 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, 1224 +/- 21.40 U/g Hb and 5657 +/- 290.60 U/g Hb respectively in patients which were significantly lower than those of controls 1.6 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, 1488 +/- 13.03 U/g Hb and 7546 +/- 176.80 U/g Hb [p<0.05]. MDA and ceruloplasmin concentrations were 36 +/- 0.92 mg/dl, 277 +/- 6.90 nmol/g Hb] respectively in cases and 29 +/- 0.60 mg/dl and 247 +/- 4.20 nmol/g Hb in controls which showed a significant difference [p<0.05]. There was no statistical correlation between antioxidants and ceruloplasmin level in these groups. In patients with IHD, antioxidant system capacity was lower than that of controls which can explain higher lipid peroxidation in these patients. Also we can not predict lipid peroxidation severity by measuring ceruloplasmin level because no association was found between these two factors

Patterns of weight gain and birth weight amongst indian women

The timing of maternal weight change in pregnancy may be an important determinant of birth weight. The objective of this study was to measure weight gain patterns from early pregnancy until delivery, and to examine the relationship between prenatal weight gain and low birth weight. A total of 500 pregnant women within 15-20 days of conception, with confirmed pregnancies and belonging to the middle and high socioeconomic families from Mysore city, India participated in the study. They were followed up for the period of one-week after delivery, and their weight was monitored monthly throughout pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI] and obesity in 16.2% of pregnant women were less than 18.5% and 11.4% respectively. Mean total pregnancy weight gain for all women was 8.1 +/- 2.9 kg, whereas 85.2% did not meet the international recommendations regarding weight gain for their BMI. The rate of weight gain was highest during the second trimester [3.6 +/- 1.4 kg] and the total weight gain was associated with progressively decreasing birth weight. A significant association was found between mid-upper arm circumference and maternal weight at term, and birth weight. According to Institute of Medical Guidelines, low weight gains of the mother during pregnancy and mid upper arm circumference below 19 cm are associated with increasing risk of low birth weight

Behavioral problems of children at age of 7-11 years old in foster care centers

Every year, thousands of children admitting in Foster Care Centres, because of several reasons. Most children live in foster care centers, as a results of neglect, physical abuse, parental substance abuse, divorce and social-economic poverty. In addition, living in Foster Care Centres cause a lot of health behavioral problems in the children. With regard to this issue, mental health status of 7-11 years old children living in foster care centres in Tehran was assessed. We performed a cross-sectional study with 105 children [57 boy, 48girl] liring in the centers. In this research, the sampling method was census. The required information about children's mental health was obtained by interview of the Child Behavioral Checklist [CBCL] from guardians who recognized these children on the basis of their behaviors. The result showed that the frequency of behavioral problems in these children were as follows: Delinquent [44.8%], externalizing [40%], internalizing [40%], social problems [13.3%] and aggression [11.4%]. Furthermore, the obtained total scores of questionnaire showed that more than 28% of these children had mental health problems. Chi-square test showed that there were significant relationships between attentional problems and mental health with gender. On the basis of these findings and the results of other studies, paying full attention, assessment and further studies on high risk groups of children were recommended

[ comparative study of knowledge and universal precaution in preventing Hepatitis B among midwives and midwifery's students in some medical science University Hospitals in Tehran 2002]

Hepatitis B is the most common occupational hazard for health care workers. Midwives get infected with patient's blood and discharges in 25% of vaginal deliveries. The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge and universal precautions and their performance about Hepatitis B prevention among midwives and midwifery students in some medical science university hospitals in Tehran, 2002. This study was based on survey questionnaires with a total of 120 midwives and midwifery's students between June and October 2002. Hospitals were selected by cluster sampling and persons were selected by simple randomization. Data were analyzed with chis quare and Fisher's exact test. Knowledge and universal precaution were moderate in majority of midwives and midwifery's students. There was no significant deference between knowledge and universal precaution of midwives and midwifery students [P[k]=.784],[Pp=.847]. The study demonstrated that the level of knowledge and universal precaution of midwives and midwifery's students were inadequate. The education about universal precaution is indispensable. It is desirable to raise the level of knowledge and include of in the curriculum. Further educational interventions for midwives are needed to increase their compliance about blood borne disease, particularly Hepatitis B

[Evaluation of efficacy of the current disinfectants on staphylococcus epidermidis and pseudomonas aeroginosa isolated from hospitals of Hamadan in 2006]

Choosing the effective disinfectants and using the standard methods of sterilization in hospitals, can be useful in decreasing nosocomial infections. The aims of this study were the evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants being used in surgical rooms, ICU, CCU, burn wards and delivery rooms of Hamedan hospitals and also determination of bacterial contamination. In this study 400 samples were collected from different parts of operation rooms, ICU, CCU and delivery rooms of four hospitals [Mobasher Kashani, Imam Khomainy, Ekbatan and Fatemieh] in 2006. The samples were cultured on blood agar, then the microbial agents were identified by differential and biochemical tests. Disinfectants that were used were as follow: Cidex [Glutaraldeyde], Sodium hypochlorite, Kereoeline 2.5%, Hygiene 1%, Betadine, Alcohol 70%, Savlone 3.2%, Chlorohexidine 1%. The efficacy of disinfectants was evaluated on 60 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 60 Pseudomonas aeroginosa through disk diffusion method. Data were gathered through a questionnaire and analysed using T-test and SPSS software. Contamination tests in the four hospital were positive in 44.5% of cultures [178 cultures]. The highest frequency of contamination was in Mobasher hospital with 38.2% and the less frequency was in Fatemieh hospital with 13.5%. From 400 samples, 52.2% of isolates were gram-positive bacteria and 47.7% were gram-negative bacteria. The most important bacteria isolated were as follow: E.coli, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Micrococci, Bacillus subtili and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The most effective disinfectants on 60 Staphylococcus epidemidis were as follow: Cidex, Sodium Hypochlorite and Kereoeline and the least effective disinfectants and antiseptics was Alcohol 70%. The most effective disinfectants on 60 Pseudomonas aeroginosa were as follow: Cidex and Kereoeline and the least effective disinfectants and antiseptics were Alcohol 70% and Savlone. Results showed that kereoline and cidex were among the most effective disinfectants, and there is not a significant difference between their effects on staphylococcus epidermidis [P=0.469] and on pseudomonas aeroginosa [P=0.053]. The efficacy of other disinfectants on two mentioned bacteria were different and significant differences were found

Zinc deficiency in children infected with Giardia lamblia

Giardia, a protozoan parasite, resides in the small intestine in man. This parasite damages the mucosal intestinal surface and in severe cases produces malabsorption and it may also affect mineral absorption, especially zinc. In this study a total of 118 infested and 43 non-infested persons as a control group were selected. From each patient a 5 ml blood sample was obtained. The serum was separated and zinc measured by atomic absorption method.The results show mean serum zinc level in the infested group to be 75.364 microgram% with the standard deviation of 19.433 while in the healthy control group it was 97.707 +/- 2S.258 Comparsion between the two sexes indicated that in male subjects mean zinc content was 73.832 and 75.755 in the female group