Dose related effects of Buspirone on serum electrolyte balance, plasma osmolality and systolic blood pressure [SBP] in rats

Buspirone is a potent anxiolytic that decreases serotonin transmission. Changes in electrolyte balance, plasma osmolality and systolic blood pressure are often associated with stress-induced anxiety in rats as well as in human but effects of buspirone on changes in serum electrolytes balance, plasma osmolality and SBP of rats has not been reported. Present study concerns the effects of different doses of buspirone [0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/kg] on serum electrolyte, plasma osmolality and systolic blood pressure [SBP] of rats. Anxiolysis related variable are also monitored. Results show that the administration of buspirone [0.25mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg] significantly increased the serum concentration of electrolytes and plasma osmolality but decreased the serum level of magnesium. These doses also reduced the systolic blood pressure [SBP]. A dose of 1mg/kg buspirone produced no effect on the concentration of serum electrolytes, and plasma osmolality. Anxiolytic effects of the drug were dose dependent but 1mg/kg dose decreased the effect. The results are discussed in the context of serotonin receptors [5-HT[1A] to be involved in buspirone-induced changes of electrolytes, SBP and plasma osmolality

Intraerythrocyte and serum electrolytes in diabetic patients with hypertension

To determine the serum and intraerythrocyte concentrations of vasoactive ions in patients of diabetes mellitus of either gender with hypertension. Cross-sectional study. The Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, from May-June 2002. Patients and The study was conducted on 48 volunteers. Out of 48, 24[12 men and 12 women] were hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. Remaining [12 men and 12 women] were normal healthy subjects. Biochemical estimations were done by flame photometry and spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test. A decrease in serum concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride and intraerythrocyte potassium and an increase in the levels of glucose, haematocrit and intraerythrocyte sodium was observed in both male and female patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. No significant changes were observed in serum potassium levels. The results suggest that dysregulations of electrolyte balance caused by hyperinsulinemia or altered glucose metabolism may lead to hypertension

Effect of restraint street on serum electrolytes; in rats

Aim of this study was to determine the effect of immobilization stress on serum electrolytes [sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium] in rats. Male albino wistar rats were used in experiment. Test animals were restrained by immobilizing for two hours on wire grids. Control animals were kept unrestrained in home cages. Rats were killed after the termination of restraint period. Blood was collected and serum separated for the analysis of electrolytes. Serum sodium, potassium and calcium were analyzed by flame photometer. Magnesium content was determined by spectrophotometer. Result shows a significant decreased [P = 0.001] in sodium, potassium, and calcium but increased [P = 0.001] in magnesium serum level. It is concluded that stress induced decrease in sodium, potassium and calcium and increase in serum magnesium level may contribute to stress induce hypertension

Computer aided conformational analysis of sulfonated azo dyes diammonium orange G [C 16H10N2O7S2] [NH4]. 4H2O

The present work describes the conformational analysis of diamomonium orange G [C16H10N2O7S2[NH4]. 4H2O] by using kitaigorodsky function. The minimum potential energy was found to be -0.0099839 at fc1=16o and fc 2=360o

Computer aided conformational analysis of 2'-Deoxy-3'-5'-Di-O-Acetyl Adenosine

Conformational analysis of 2'-Deoxy-3'-5'-di-0- acetyl adenosine has been carried out on the basis of potential energy calculations. The allowed regions found to be from omega = 0 [degree] to 40 [degree] and omega = 160 [degree] to 360 [degree]. It is suggested that in these regions, the molecule has maximum activity

Conformational Analysis of 2- [4- [5-Bromo-3-Methyl Pyridyl] Butyamino] -4-Pyrimidone

Potential energy of 2-[4-[5-Bromo-3-Methyl pyridyl] butylamino]-4-pyrimidone was calculated. This calculation suggests that most stable conformation existed at W1=220°, W2=220° and the minimum potential energy was -0.00807 kcal/mole

Injected monosodium glutamate increases holotryptophan pyrrolase activity and plasma corticosterone levels more in male than female rats

Monosodium glutamate [MSG] injected intra - peritoneally at doses 4 g/kg increased holotryptophan pyrrolase activity significantly by 61.6% in male rats. The increases were smaller [24%] and non- significant in females. Apotryptophan was decreased by 61% and comparably in the two sexes. Cumulative effect on total enzyme activity was a reduction of 37.5% in female rats. A decrease of 20.6% in male rats was not significant. Plasma levels of corticosterone were increased significantly in male but not in female rats. The sex differences are explained in terms of female hormones being effected by MSG administration and higher circulating MSG - induced corticosterone levels being involved in the enhancement of holotryptophan pyrrolase activity in male rats. Plasma total tryptophan levels were increased due to an inhibition of total tryptophan pyrrolase activity in female but not in male. Plasma free tryptophan concentrations were decreased in both sexes

Alterations in serum electrolytes after indomethacin administration: a sex related study

Rabbits of both sexes were injected with indomethacin 10 mg/kg. One hour after injections blood was analzed for serum electrolytes and osmolality. Administration of indomethacin caused increase in serum sodium [p<0.01], potassium [p<0.01], calcium [p<0.05], phosphorous [p<0.01]. chloride [p<0.01] and glucose [p<0.01] in both sexes. Two way ANOVA showed a significant treatment effect on sodium [p<0.01], potassium [p<0.01], calcium [p<0.01], phosphorus [p<0.05] and chloride [p<0.01]. It is concluded that the ingestion of indomethacin can have a major effect on serum electrolytes and osmolality, that may influence the clinical data in patients taking this drug. The present study on the serum electrolytes balance show a possible involvement of greater increase of serum potassium, calcium, phosphorus and chloride concentration in male than in similarly treated female rabbits, because of the slow absorption capacity of this drug in females

Effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on brain serotonin

Adrenaline [A] and noradrenaline [NA] are the hormones secretated during stress. Synthesis of the neurotransmitter 5 - hydroxytryptamine [5 - HT, Serotonin] in brain is increased during stress. Present paper concerns the effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on brain serotonin metabolism so that the effect of stress hormones on brain 5 - HT metabolism can be evaluated in the absence of other non specific effect of stress. Adrenaline and noradrenaline given in doses of 1. 0, 2. 0 and 3. 0 mg/kg [i. p.] inhibited liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity in apo tryptophan pyrrolase lacking species, rabbit in one hour. Serum level of total tryptophan decreased but those of free tryptophan increased. Brain level of tryptophan and serotonin were also increased. The results suggest, that the increase of serum free tryptophan may have a role in the enhancement of 5 - HT metabolism observed in adrenaline and noradrenaline injected rabbits

Psychosomatic disorders in the elderly

A study of the close relationship between the psycho-sociological factors and physiological disorders is quite interesting and has some practical value. It often enables the clinician to understand the psychosomatic manifestations in his patients and make a correct diagnosis. It will also help him to obtain his patient's confidence, and cooperation in treatment, and eventually lead to a better prognosis. A few pertinent examples from the elderly patients seen in our unit are given to illustrate these points

Acute confusional state: a reversible phenomenon

One hundred and twenty-five patients suffering from an acute physical illness with associated confusion, were among those admitted to hospital over a seven year period from march 1983 to march 1990. The object of this study was to demonstrate the reversibility of their confusion with the treatment of the underlying illness. The age and sex distribution of the patients and the causes leading to confusion were analysed. Additional tests relevant to the illness of individual patients were carried out in addition to routine investigations for every one. They were assessed by the mental status questionnaire also. The presenting features in these patients were due to both confusion and the illness for which they were originally admitted to the hospital. Consequently they received the management of confusion as well as the physical illness. It was concluded that the confusion was reversible with the successful treatment of the underlying pathology. This was made clear to the patient and all concerned

Effect of adrenaline on serum and tissue electrolytes

The effect of adrenaline on electrolytes was determined in rats. Animals were injected adrenaline [1 mg/kg] intraperitoneally. One hour after injection serum, kidney and brain were analyzed for sodium, potassium and calcium. Administration of adrenaline causes an increased level of sodium in liver and kidney whereas a decreased concentration was observed in brain and serum. Concentration of potassium and calcium was found to decrease in serum, liver, kidney and brain. In conclusion adrenaline administration causes hyponatraemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia and a decrease of these electrolytes in tissues

Urinary incontinence in the elderly

Incontinence of urine is a very common presenting symptom of disease in the elderly. It presents major medical, nursing, social and economic problems. Its prevalence, causes and methods of investigation are described. The ways in which the patient can attain continence or at least keep himself dry and clean are discussed

Multiple malignancy in elderly hospitalized patients of York

Malignancy is an important cause of death amongst middle aged and elderly people and more than one neoplasm is not an uncommon occurrence in a small percentage of this age group. The subjects of this study were fifty elderly patients admitted to our hospitals during the past twenty years period from 1970 to 1989, who were found to have more than one carcinoma. The methods of investigation and diagnostic criteria of multiple malignancies are described. This study confirmed that a small number of aging patients presented with multiple carcinoma, either during investigation, or at necropsy

Effect of aspirin on serum electrolytes in rabbits

Rabbits were injected aspirin doses from [50,100,150,200 and 300] mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. One hour after injection blood was analyzed for serum electrolytes. Administration of aspirin caused an increase in serum sodium. The rise was significant after administration of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight aspirin. Administration of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight aspirin caused an increase in serum potassium level. No significant effect was observed on serum calcium level after administration of different doses of aspirin. It is therefore concluded that aspirin when administered in low doses, causes a retention of sodium and potassium in body

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in aging patients: a brief review and postmortem analysis

Pulmonary embolism is more common than we realize and increases as people grow older. A few are diagnosed during life, some are found to have pulmonary embolism at autopsy but a great number of cases go undetected. The cases, clinical features, investigations and management of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are reviewed briefly and great emphasis is laid on the prophylactic measures. Forty-three patients with a postmortem diagnosis of pulmonary embolism have been analysed

Free and bound riboflavin content in various tissues of a desert lizard

Flavin in the liver, kidney, whole blood, plasma, serum and brain of Uromastix hardwickii [a desert lizard] were estimated. Liver and kidney were rich in riboflavin as compared to whole blood, plasma, serum and brain. In contrast to other animals, Uromastix was found to contain large quantities of flavin in free and diffusible form. Considerable higher values of riboflavin were found in hibernating condition [November-March] than in non- hibernating condition [May-October]

Effect of drugs on the distribution of tryptophan in plasma, liver and brain in a desert lizard

Effect of three drugs, a pain killer the novalgin, an antibiotic the penicillin and a central system depressant the valium has been studied on the distribution of tryptophan plasma, liver and brain in a desert lizard. Novalgin administration caused a significant increase in a total and free tryptophan concentration in plasma with a considerable fall in total tryptophan concentration in liver and a little in brain too. The antibiotic penicillin caused an increase in total and free tryptophan concentration in plasma and an increase in total tryptophan concentration in liver and brain. An intraperitoneal injection of valium decreased total tryptophan concentration in plasma and liver but there was a significant rise of total tryptophan concentration in brain due to an increase in free tryptophan concentration in plasma