Antinutritional and toxic effects in albino rats of rapeseed protein products added to standard diet

Flour and protein concentrate of two rapeseed varieties were prepared and used at a level of 50% of total protein in synthetic diets containing 15.4% protein. The feed consumption [FC] and protein retained by the albino male rats fed the concentrate diets were significantly higher than those of flour diets and insignificantly differed from a casein control diet. The partial composition of rat bodies at 2,4 and 6 weeks of age showed slight differences in dry matter and protein percentage between rats fed casein and concentrate diets. Highest protein efficiency ratio [PER] and biological value [BV] were found for rats fed Brassica campestris diets. Whereas, the highest NPU was found for rats fed casein or Brassica napus diets. Also, there was a positive relationship between PER and BV, and negative with each of PER or BV and NPU. The proteins concentrate diets had no significant effect on relative liver weight, whereas flour diets caused significant enlargement of the liver. The macroscopic examination indicated that the increase of liver weight of rats was paralleled with hemorrhage incidence. The concentration of low density cholesterol and triglycerides, GOT and GPT enzymes activity were significantly decreased in rats blood fed concentrates, while albumin concentration was only slightly affected. Histological examination of liver and heart of rats indicated lower negative effects of rape protein concentrates comparing to the effects of rape flour. The above findings indicated clearly that processing rape flour to rape concentrates reduced the toxic and antinutritional components but did not eliminate them

Effect of extraction treatments for removal of antinutritional substances on chemical and functional properties rapeseed protein products

Several treatments were utilized to minimize the antinutritional factors in protein products of two rapeseed varieties [Tobin] [B. campestris] and [Liraspa] [B. napus]. Rapeseed protein concentrates [RPC] were prepared from rapeseed Tobin flour [TF] or Liraspa flour [LF] using water at pH 4 [TPC 1 and LPC1], 50% methanol [LPC2] and 10% ammonia in 95% methanol [LPC3]. Rapeseed protein isolates [RPI] were also prepared from LF using 0.0 and 0.25% SHMP [LPI1 and LPI2]. 0.0 and 18.6% succinylation [LPI3 and LPI4]. The protein contents of RPC were in descending order of LPC1, TPC1, LPC3 and LPC2. RPI prepared by SHMP had a higher protein content than those prepared by succinylation. Glucosinolates, phytic acid, phenolics and tannins were higher in [Liraspa] than [Tobin] variety. Solvent system of 10% ammonia in 95% methanol was the most effective for removal of glucosinolates and tannins. Whereas water at pH 4 was best for extraction of phytic acid and phenolics. Succinylation with 18.6% succinic anhydride reduced markedly phytic acid, phenolics and tannins as compared to 0.25% SHMP. The minimum NSI of rapeseed flours, concentrates and isolates was at pH 4.0-4.5 depending on the method of extraction. NSI was increased below and above these regions reaching its maximum at pH 2.0 and 9.0. It was higher for [Tobin] than [Liraspa] products. The products showed minimum emulsion capacity [EC], emulsion stability [ES], foam capacity [FC] and foam stability [FS] at pH values of their dispersions in water which were acidic in nature. Shifting the pH to 7.0 improved emulsifying and foaming properties due to increasing NSI. LPC prepared by either 50% methanol or 10% ammonia in 95% methanol remarkably increased EC and decreased ES. Whereas, LPI prepared by SHMP had great emulsion properties. Protein products, except LPC 1 prepared by water washing at pH 4, had higher oil absorption index [WOAI] than Liraspa flour. Thus they obtained high water-oil absorption capacity with WOAI ranged from 0.94 to 1.18. Meanwhile, LPC1 had unsuitable balance with WOAI of 3.32. Actually 50% methanol gave the best extraction of antinutrients except tannins and the best functionality, and would be more economic and technically feasible than 10% ammonia in 95% methanol

Acceptability of injectable contraceptives and causes of dropouts in Mansoura University hospital

A clinical trial was carried out in which DMPA [150 mg/84 days for one year] was administered to 150 cases. Nor-Ethisterone enanthate [200 mg/56 days for one year]was administered to 150 women. Both injectables have proved popular and highly effective for prevention of pregnancy. Continuation rates for DMPA [77.3%] and NET-EN [63.3%] were high. This is due to proper counselling and strict follow-up. Dropouts due to non-medical causes were high in both groups [50% among DMPA dropouts and 70.9% among NET-EN dropouts]. Medical causes were the second common reason for dropouts in our study. Menstrual irregularities were not the main cause for discontinuation. Amenorrhea was more acceptable to our women