SYNTHESIS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CURCUMINOID ANALOGUES BY CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL METHODS

Conventionally, Starting as an vanillin condensed with acetyl acetone by using tributyl borate, boric anhydride and butyl amine then reaction mixture was allowed to stand for overnight at room temperature, after workup it convert yellowish product. Similarly, Non-conventionally, Acetyl acetone, boric acid, anhydrous Sodium sulfate mixed in toluene then substituted aromatic aldehydes added with n-BuNH2, formed mixture irradiated to MWI, after workup, final compound was collected. Second method is environmentally benign gives good yields of curcumin analogues under microwave condition. The reaction performed in less time of reaction, cleaner, no side product, good to excellent yield of product.

Hypovitamanosis D and non cardiac chest pain

Background: Recurrent atypical chest pain not due to cardiac illness is a very common condition in medical outpatient departments. Authors found that people consulting for atypical chest pain often have significant Vitamin D deficiency and correction of Vitamin D deficiency relieved patient symptoms. Hence authors carried out this study.Methods: Persons aged below 50 years were taken up for study. Those attending medical clinics with complaints of chest pain occurring more than two times were taken up for study. Cardiac illness was excluded by clinical examination and investigations. Those found to have low Vitamin D were taken up for study. 60,000 international units Vitamin D was administered orally weekly for 8 weeks. They were followed up twice weekly for three months and once monthly for three months.Results: Results were analyzed and charted. 120 subjects were taken up for study and duration of study was three years. Average age of the study group was 37.50 years and the average Vitamin D level was 15.75 nanogram/ml (ngm/ml). Duration of chest pain ranged from one week to one year. Most of the patients had migratory chest pain.Conclusions: As Vitamin D deficiency is a treatable medical condition it may be prudent to check Vitamin D levels in the patients presenting with recurrent atypical pain in the chest. It reduces the burden on the health care system and relieves the suffering of the patient. It may not be futile to check Vitamin D levels even in the patients with coronary artery disease who are suffering from atypical chest pain.

A study of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at new civil hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India

Background: Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus, as comorbid condition these together throw a great burden to medicine and humanity. Considering the ever increasing population of diabetics in our country and the significant causal relationship established by current literature, this study was undertaken.Methods: A thorough clinical history regarding diabetes mellitus (onset, duration), any history of long-term illness, any previous thyroid dysfunction, previous history of any kind of drug therapy, whether the patient was on insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs was sought. All diabetic patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4 and TSH).Results: In the present study, out of the 100 diabetic patients, 18 (18%) patients had thyroid dysfunction and 82 (82%) patients were found to be euthyroid. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction more in females as compared to males (68.75% vs 31.25%) and highest in the age group of >60 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients with HbA1C >7 as compared to patients with HbA1C <7. Out of 18 diabetic patients who had thyroid dysfunction, 05 (27.78%) had duration of diabetes >1 - 5 years and 08 (44.44%) had duration of diabetes 6 - 10 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients who had BMI >30 and patients who were on both oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus which found to be more in Females, Elderly patients, Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and BMI > 30.

Accessory belly of flexor digitorum superficialis - case report of a rare variant.

Variations of the muscles pose a challenge to diagnosis and knowledge about them is important during surgeries and other interventions. At times these variations may cause symptoms per se. Variations of the Flexor digitorum superficialis: a muscle of the anterior compartment of forearm, are not very common. We present a rare variation of this muscle in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. The variant was an accessory belly arising from and under the Flexor digitorum superficialis and inserting into the base of proximal phalanx of the index finger. We also review the evolutionary and embryological concepts of such variations.

Development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with gestational age.

Background: The objective was to study the development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with different gestational age. Methods: In the present study lung specimens were collected from formalin fixed 27 aborted foetuses (14 male, 13 female) by abdominal dissection between 6 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age. Results: In the present study we observed that there was a delay in the appearance of embryonic, pseudo glandular phase, canalicular, terminal saccular and alveolar stages of the lung. Conclusion: Delay in the developmental anatomy and histogenesis of the lung cells leads to histopathological abnormalities which gives knowledge to the clinicians during clinical procedures.

A case of bilateral presumed chikungunya neuroretinitis.

Chikungunya fever is a relatively rare from of vector-borne viral fever caused by chikungunya virus and spread by bites of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito. Epidemics of chikungunya fever have been reported in the past from different parts of the world. Although the virus had been passive for quite some time, recent reports of outbreaks of chikungunya fever in several parts of Southern India have confirmed the re-emergence of this virus. Symptoms of this infection include abrupt onset of fever, chills, and headache, rash, severe joint pain, conjunctival injection and photophobia. Ocular manifestations have been recently reported with this infection. We report a case of a 48-year-old female patient, who presented with defective vision two weeks after a serology proven chikungunya infection. There was bilateral neuroretinitis with peripapillary cotton wool spots. These findings should be kept in mind as an ocular manifestation of chikungunya virus infection.

Drug-induced acute myopia following chlorthalidone treatment.

We report a case of sudden loss of vision due to the development of acute myopia after the intake of chlorthalidone used for treating systemic hypertension. Clinically this was associated with ciliary spasm, shallow peripheral choroidal effusion and retinal striae at the macula with increase in macular thickness seen on optical coherence tomography. All these findings were reversed completely once the drug was discontinued. Development of acute myopia should be kept in mind as an adverse effect of a commonly used antihypertensive drug, namely chlorthalidone.

A case of periocular dirofilariasis masquerading as a lid tumour.

We describe an unusual case of periocular Dirofilariasis masquerading as a slow growing lid tumour in an elderly female patient.

Patterns of replication in the neo-sex chromosomes of Drosophila nasuta albomicans.

Drosophila nasuta albomicans (with 2n = 6), contains a pair of metacentric neo-sex chromosomes. Phylogenetically these are products of centric fusion between ancestral sex (X, Y) chromosomes and an autosome (chromosome 3). The polytene chromosome complement of males with a neo-X- and neo-Y-chromosomes has revealed asynchrony in replication between the two arms of the neo-sex chromosomes. The arm which represents the ancestral X-chromosome is faster replicating than the arm which represents ancestral autosome. The latter arm of the neo-sex chromosome is synchronous with other autosomes of the complement. We conclude that one arm of the neo-X/Y is still mimicking the features of an autosome while the other arm has the features of a classical X/Y-chromosome. This X-autosome translocation differs from the other evolutionary X-autosome translocations known in certain species of Drosophila.