Evaluation of optic nerve in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the damage to optic nerve by detecting the morphological and functional changes of optic nerve in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma.METHODS: The correlation among the positive rates of fundus photography, visual field examination, optical coherence tomography(OCT)scan of the optic nerve, and pattern visual evoked potentials(P-VEP)were analyzed in 28 patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma affecting.RESULTS: Among 28 eyes of 28 patients, optic nerve images were obtained in 25 eyes(89%), optic disc color in 25 eyes: there were 9 normal eyes and 16 eyes with congestion and edema, without pallor; C/D: < 0.6 in 5 eyes, > 0.6 in 1 eye, and indistinguishable in 19 eyes; disk edge: 6 eyes were normal, and 19 eyes could not be distinguished.Optic nerve images could not be obtained in 3 eyes(11%). Visual field examination: 9 eyes(32%)were normal, 2 eyes(7%)had visual field damage, 8 eyes(29%)had no reference value due to cataract visual field examination, 2 eyes(7%)had false positive rate ≥15%, and 7 eyes(25%)could not cooperate with the examination. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness around optic disc was measured by OCT in 26 eyes(93%), of which the thickness of nerve fiber layer was normal in 24 eyes and local thinning in 2 eyes. Severe opacification of refractive stroma could not be measured in 2 eyes(7%). PVEP showed that the peak of P100 was normal in 18 eyes(64%)and prolonged in 10 eyes(36%). The amplitude of P100 wave was normal in 11 eyes(39%)and decreased in 17 eyes(61%).CONCLUSION: After a major acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma, the optic nerve does not exhibit typical glaucomatous damage but may present with optic disc congestion and edema. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation combining subjective and objective examination methods is necessary for optic nerve assessment, and currently, no more precise assessment method is available.

Main components from cultivated and wild Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma by LC-MS and GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were combined with non-targeted metabonomic analysis based on multivariate statistics analysis, and the content of five indicative components in nardosinone was determined and compared by UPLC. The main chemical components of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma with imitative wild cultivation and wild Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma were comprehensively analyzed. The results of multivariate statistical analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and GC-MS were consistent. G1 and G2 of the imitative wild cultivation group and G8-G19 of the wild group were clustered into category 1, while G7 of the wild group and G3-G6 of the imitative wild cultivation group were clustered into category 2. After removing the outlier data of G1, G2, and G7, G3-G6 of the imitative wild cultivation group were clustered into one category, and G8-G19 of the wild group were clustered into the other category. Twenty-six chemical components were identified according to the positive and negative ion modes detected by LC-MS. The content of five indicative components(VIP>1.5) was determined using UPLC, revealing that chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, linarin, nardosinone, and total content in the imitative wild cultivation group were 1.85, 1.52, 1.26, 0.90, 2.93, and 2.56 times those in the wild group, respectively. OPLS-DA based on GC-MS obtained 10 diffe-rential peaks. Among them, the relative content of α-humulene and aristolene in the imitative wild cultivation group were extremely significantly(P<0.01) and significantly(P<0.05) higher than that in the wild group, while the relative content of 7 components such as 5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one, γ-eudesmol, and juniper camphor and 12-isopropyl-1,5,9-trimethyl-4,8,13-cyclotetrade-catriene-1,3-diol was extremely significantly(P<0.01) and significantly(P<0.05) lower than that in the wild group, respectively. Therefore, the main chemical components of the imitative wild cultivation group and wild group were basically the same. However, the content of non-volatile components in the imitative wild cultivation group was higher than that in the wild group, and the content of some volatile components was opposite. This study provides scientific data for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma with imitative wild cultivation and wild Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma.

Establishment and Application of Identification Method for Fishy Odor of Cordyceps Based on HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish and apply a new practical analytical method for identifying the fishy odor of Cordyceps based on headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS） technique. Method:The InertCap Pure-WAX capillary column （0.25 mm×30 m， 0.25 μm） was used for chromatographic separation. The injection port temperature was set at 250 ℃. The injection mode was split injection with a ratio of 5∶1. High purity helium was used as the carrier gas and control mode was set to constant pressure. The column flow rate was 1.43 mL∙min^-1， the linear velocity was 43.3 cm∙s^-1， and the purge flow rate was 3.0 mL∙min^-1. The chromatographic column temperature program as follows：maintained the initial temperature at 50 ℃ for 5 min， and increased the temperature at a rate of 10 ℃∙min^-1 to 250 ℃， held for 10 min. The column equilibrium time was 2.0 min. The ion source of mass spectrographic analysis was electron ionization with ion source temperature of 200 ℃， and the monitoring mode was set to multiple reaction monitoring. Result:Seven batches of Cordyceps samples were collected， including 3 batches from Sichuan， 3 batches from Qinghai and 1 batch from Tibet. There were six batches of counterfeits， including 3 batches from Sichuan， 2 batches from Guizhou and 1 batch in Xinjiang. A total of 81 volatile compounds were screened out in Cordyceps， which could be divided into 13 types （esters， ketones， aldehydes and others） according to the compound structure， indicating that the fishy odor of Cordyceps was a complex odor. There was no significant difference in the types of volatile compounds of Cordyceps from different regions， which suggested that these volatile compounds in Cordyceps produced in Tibet （Naqu）， Qinghai （Yushu and Guoluo） and Sichuan （Litang， Rangtang and Seda） were relatively consistent. However， the contents of some volatile compounds in Cordyceps produced in different regions were quite different， and 16 volatile compounds with significant difference were screened out， including 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate， <italic>γ</italic>-octalactone， hexyl acetate and others， those compounds maybe could been used as the quality markers for identification of regions of Cordyceps. There was a large difference in volatile compounds between Cordyceps and its counterfeits， and 34 volatile compounds were screened out， including ethyl acetate， acetophenone， 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and others， those compounds maybe could been used as the quality markers for authenticity identification of Cordyceps. Conclusion:In summary， the established method for identifying the fishy odor of Cordyceps in this paper has the characteristics of high sensitivity， accuracy and simplicity， which can provide reference for the analysis of volatile compounds in other Chinese herbal medicines.

Monitoring analysis of tuberculosis-related antibodies and and risk assessment of tuberculosis in Baotou region , 2012-2016 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the monitoring analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis related antibodies and conduct and risk assessment of tubercuosis. Methods A total of 39 605 patients who were treated in Baotou tuberculosis prevention and treatment center from January 2012 to December 2016 were enrolled for epidemiological investigation. Smear, imaging, tuberculin test, clinical signs and anti-TBGL and anti-LAM antibody tests were used to diagnose the effective serum samples, and drug sensitivity tests were conducted to record the positive rate and drug resistance of the patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on all the factors influencing the recurrence of the patients including the gender, age, marriage, nutritional status, initial lesion range, regular treatment, drug withdrawal residual cavity, drug resistance, treatment style, course of treatment, and comorbidities. Results There were significant differences in epidemiological survey results in age, occupation and detection methods (P<0.05). A total of 22 703 strains were obtained in the drug sensitivity test, 19.99% of which were isoniazid resistance, 15.54% were streptomycin resistance, and 15.19% were multi-drug resistance.. In the process of antibody diagnosis, the positive rate of the parallel test was significantly higher than that of the single test and the series test, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The results of risk factor analysis showed that age, drug withdrawal residual cavity, and drug resistance were important risk factors influencing the recurrence of the patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of tuberculosis in Baotou from 2012 to 2016 was affected by age, occupation and other factors. It is of great significance to develop diagnostic methods with higher sensitivity. The parallel detection of anti-TBGL and anti-LAM antibodies had high sensitivity and specificity, which is an important diagnostic method for tuberculosis with high application value. At the same time, the recurrence of tuberculosis is affected by many factors, which requires patients to be cooperative with treatment in order to improve the cure rate

Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional imaging systems in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a retrospective cohort study / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes of patients with prostate cancer receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) using three-dimensional (3D) versus two-dimensional (2D) imaging systems.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February, 2014 to January 2016, 72 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP with 2D or 3D imaging systems performed by a single experienced surgeon. The baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and functional and oncologic outcomes of the patients were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-six patients underwent 3D LRP and the other 36 patients underwent 2D LRP. Compared with 2D LRP group, 3D LRP group had a significantly shorter operative time (167 vs 218 min, P<0.001), a smaller volume of intraoperative blood loss (86.11 vs 177.78 mL, P<0.001) and a better early urinary continence outcome (88.89% vs 63.89%, P=0.026). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of complications, potency outcome or biochemical recurrence-free rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with 2D LRP, 3D LRP shortens the operative time, reduces intraoperative blood loss and is associated with a better early urinary continence outcome in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.</p>

Platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures: study protocol for a prospective, randomized,controlled clinical trial / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Internal and external fixation combined with autologous bone graft for treating atrophic nonunion has a long treatment cycle,and moreover,it cannot achieve a 100％ cure rate.Platelet-rich plasma contains a variety of growth factors and a large number of white blood cells,and contributes to tissue healing.However,there is no clinical study on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery in the treatment of atrophic nonunion.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures.METHODS:We conducted a prospective,open-label,randomized,controlled clinical trial at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,China.Ninety-two patients with atrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures were equally and randomly divided into control group and experimental group.Patients in the control group received conventional surgery.Patients in the experimental group were injected with autologous platelet-rich plasma on the basis of conventional surgery.The primary outcome was fracture healing rate at postoperative 9 months.The secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale scores in resting state and during passive motion,healing time,treatment costs,and adverse reactions.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University of China (approval number:QHG0223A) on May 20,2014.Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they fully understood the treatment plan.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Our partial results demonstrated that visual analogue scale scores and complications were similar between the two groups at postoperative 1-3 days.The healing rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.The healing time was significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group.This trial will provide objective data for the clinical use of platelet-rich plasma combined with conventional surgery for the treatment of atrophic nonunion.

Study on RhBMP-2 induced osteoporosis rat BMSCs in vitro osteogenesis and VEGF expression / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) expression in bone osteoporotic to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty 6-month-old female SD rats weighted (300±20) g underwent bilateral ovariectomized. At 3 months after operation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of rats,the values were compared with preoperative to ensure the model successfully, and the osteoporosis rats' BMSCs were cultured by bone marrow adherent cultured and the BMSCs morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope upside down. The osteoporosis rats' BMSCs at the 2nd generation (p2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were added complete medium (containing rhBMP-2) and osteogenic induced liquid, respectively. Two weeks later, the formation of cell calcium nodules were detected by Alizarin red staining method,alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by enzyme standard instrument and the expression of VEGF was detected by RT-PCT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)Whole body bone mineral density of rats before and after operation were (0.179±0.007), (0.158±0.006) g/cm2,there was statistically significant (t=4.180,P< 0.05). (2)Alizarin red staining at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) in the experimental group had more strong dyeing effect than the control group obviously. (3)Alkaline phosphatase activity at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group (15.62±1.27) ug/gprot was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.62±0.93) ug/gprot,there was statistically significant (t=7.709, P<0.01). (4)The expression of VEGF at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group 3.723±0.143 was significantly higher than that of the control group 0.950±0.072, there was statistically significant (t=29.462, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RhBMP-2 can improve the in-vitro osteogenesis ability of ovary osteoporosis rat BMSCs, promote the VEGF expression of osteogenesis factor. Regulating the VEGF expression may be one of the mechanisms of BMP-2 to participate in bone metabolism.</p>

Recent advances in the study of Nrf2 and inflammatory respiratory diseases / 药学学报

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an ubiquitous and important transcription factor. It regulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. A large body of research showed that Nrf2-Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap 1)-ARE signaling pathway is involved in the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Nrf2 increases the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, protects cells and tissues from the injury of a variety of toxicants and carcinogens. As a result, Nrf2 enhances the expression of glutathione and antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and subsequently scavenging free radicals. Air pollution especially from PM2.5 particles, is associated with an increasing morbidity of inflammatory pulmonary diseases and their deterioration. More and more studies demonstrated that Nrf2 was a novel signaling molecule in the modulation of inflammatory responses in these inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as asthma, acute lung injury (ALI) and COPD. Therefore, Nrf2 targeting might be a therapeutic target, which will provide clinical benefit by reducing both oxidative stress and inflammation in asthma, acute lung injury (ALI) and COPD. This review focused on the relationship between Nrf2 and inflammatory respiratory diseases and oxidative stress.

Cytogenetic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the genetic aberrations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety ALL cases were enrolled in the study from January 2009 to November 2011. Chromosome banding analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to detect genetic aberrations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Chromosome analysis: 35 (53.0%) of 66 cases who had metaphase were abnormal, and 24 cases had no metaphase. (2) FISH analysis: among the 31 cases who had normal karyotypes and 24 who had no metaphase detected by chromosome banding technique, 7 (22.6%) and 14 (58.3%) cases were abnormal detected by FISH, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences compared with chromosome analysis (P = 0.655). Among these 55 ALL cases TEL/AML1, bcr-abl and MLL fusion genes were observed in 16 (29.1%), 3(5.5%) and 2(3.6%) cases, respectively. (3) Cytogenetic aberration was observed in 56 of total 90 ALL cases (62.2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cytogenetic changes are common in childhood ALL. Conventional cytogenetic study could reliably detected chromosomal abnormalities for ALL with assessable metaphase. FISH should be used as a complementary method for ALL patients who have poor chromosomal morphology or no metaphase cells, and combination of both methods can improve the detection rate of genetic abnormalities in childhood leukemia.</p>

Feature and significance of bacterial biofilm formation in middle-ear mucosa in the rat model of acute otitis media / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between bacterial biofilm and acute otitis media by observing the feature of bacterial biofilm formation in middle-ear mucosa in the rat model of acute otitis media and to study the possibility of application this rat model in bacterial biofilm research.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 healthy, male SD rats were studied, 24 animals served as experimental group were bilaterally injected with 50 µl of Streptococcus pneumoniae suspension (1 × 10(8) CFU/ml) via a transbullar approach into the middle ear cavity after anesthesia and six animals were bilaterally inoculated equivalent saline account for control group. At day 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after inoculation, bilateral middle-ear mucosal specimens were collected from three infected animals and one control animal for scanning electron microscopy (SME). Membranoid substance attached the bilateral middle ear mucosa were collected under the microscope from the other one infected animals, which were prepared for confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) with immunofluorescence in situ labeling technique and light microscopy using Gram staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the early stage of infection (1 day, 3 days), lots of bacterial adhesion, permanent planting in the local regions of the middle ear cavity and microcolonies formation were found, with mixed phagocytic cells, showing a primary bacterial biofilms formation. In the middle term of infection (5 days, 7 days), mature bacterial biofilm scattered on the mucosal surface, formed characteristic three-dimensional structure of "mushroom-shaped" towers. At the late inflammatory period (10 days, 14 days), the bacterial biofilms presented signs of recession. CLSM with FITC-ConA and PI double staining in situ labeling and light microscopy using Gram staining indicated that bacteria and polysaccharide matrix within the biofilms were viable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These preliminary findings provide evidence that bacterial biofilms form at the early phase of acute middle ear infection and it may be an important factor in the development of recurrent or persistent otitis media. The rat model of AOM established in this study may be an ideal animal model facilitating the bacterial biofilms research.</p>

Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and vasovagal syncope in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric vasovagal syncope.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained syncope in children, including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy children over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The patients underwent head-up tilt test (HUTT). According to HUTT test results, HUTT-positive group and HUTT-negative group were further classified. For cases in HUTT-positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during HUTT, vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the patients. A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3C825T polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among fifty-four children with syncope, HUTT was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative HUTT response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and syncope groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and syncope groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (χ(2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in HUTT-positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in HUTT-positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (χ(2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (χ(2) = 0.658, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in children with vasovagal syncope is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.</p>

Autologous mesenchymal stem cell implantation promotes myocardial expressions of growth factors and improves cardiac function in failing rat hearts / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the underlying mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfer induced cardiac function improvement in failing hearts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Congestive heart failure (CHF) was induced in rats by cauterization of the heart wall. MSCs were cultured from autologous bone marrow and injected into the border zone and the remote myocardium 5 days after cauterization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten weeks later, cardiomyocyte nucleus mitotic index, capillary density and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly increased in the border zone and significantly reduced in the remote myocardium in CHF rats (all P<0.05 vs. sham). Besides cardiac function improvement and left ventricular remodeling attenuation evidenced by hemodynamic and echocardiographic examinations, expressions of IGF-1, HGF and VEGF in the remote myocardium and in the border zone were also significantly upregulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01 vs. CHF), and cardiomyocyte nucleus mitotic index as well as capillary density were significantly increased in CHF rats with MSCs (P<0.05 or P<0.01 vs. CHF). Moreover, collagen area was significantly reduced and myocardial area was significantly increased in the border zone in these rats too.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Autologous MSC implantation upregulated expressions of growth factors enhanced cardioangiogenesis which might be the underlying mechanisms for improved cardiac function and attenuated left ventricular remodeling induced by MSCs transplantation in failing rat myocardium.</p>

Protection of PC12 cells against superoxide-induced damage by isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further investigate the neuroprotective effects of five isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus on xanthine (XA)/ xanthine oxidase (XO)-induced injury to PC12 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PC12 cells were damaged by XA/XO. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, MTT, LDH, and GSH assays were used to evaluate the protection of these five isoflavonoids. Contents of Bcl-2 family proteins were determined with flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the five isoflavonoids including formononetin, ononin, 9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were found to inhibit XA/ XO-induced injury to PC12 cells. Their EC50 values of formononetin and calycosin were 0.05 microg/mL. Moreover, treatment with these three isoflavonoids prevented a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while formononetin and calycosin could prevent a significant deletion of GSH. In addition, only calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside were shown to inhibit XO activity in cell-free system, with an approximate IC50 value of 10 microg/mL and 50 microg/mL. Formononetin and calycosin had no significant influence on Bcl-2 or Bax protein contents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neuroprotection of formononetin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-glucoside may be mediated by increasing endogenous antioxidants, rather by inhibiting XO activities or by scavenging free radicals.</p>

Pediatric intractable epilepsy surgery / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the strategy of pediatric intractable epilepsy surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 96 pediatric cases with intractable epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes underwent surgical treatment from April 2004 to April 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surgical treatments were performed based on the results of comprehensive data from neurological, neurosurgical and pediatric departments. Among of them, 78 cases were performed with curative procedure, 17 cases with palliative procedure and 1 case with stereotactic damage procedure. The surgical effect was judged with Engel's standard, 58 cases had no seizure during 14 to 26 months follow-up, 26 cases had significantly improved in seizure control and the total efficiency was 87.5%. 81 cases had improvements in neuropsychological tests. 22 cases had postoperative complications such as neuro-dysfunctions and 15 cases were gradually recovered after the period of follow-up ended, 1 case died of CSF over drainage after operation 3 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pediatric patients with symptomatic epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes are suitable to surgical treatment, the results are satisfactory in seizure control and neuropsychological function tests.</p>

Effects of C-reactive protein on bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell function / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of C reactive protein (CRP) on endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent cell filtration, were plated on fibronectin coated culture dishes. After 7 days, adherent cells were cultured with different concentrations of CRP (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) for 48 hours. EPCs proliferation and migration ability were observed and adhesion assay was performed. The eNOS mRNA expression of EPCs were measured by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of EPCs in CRP groups (10, 15, 20microg/ml) was obviously lower than that in control group (54 +/- 3, 47 +/- 3, 39 +/- 5 vs.60 +/- 3, P < 0.01). EPCs proliferation capacity was inhibited in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) compared with that in control group (0.297 +/- 0.036, 0.273 +/- 0.013, 0.259 +/- 0.035 vs. 0.345 +/- 0.014, P < 0.01). EPCs migration capacity was inhibited significantly in CRP groups (5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) than that in control group (28 +/- 2, 22 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3, 16 +/- 2 vs. 30 +/- 2, P < 0.05). EPCs adhensive number was lower in CRP groups than that in control group (11 +/- 2, 9 +/- 2, 6 +/- 2, 5 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 2, P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of eNOS in CRP groups were significantly lower in control group. And compared with control group, NOS activity decreased significantly in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) (57.44 +/- 3.25, 48.37 +/- 3.86, 36.82 +/- 4.89 vs. 68.56 +/- 2.82, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CRP could both reduce EPCs number and inhibit EPCs functions.</p>

Triterpenoids and steroids from Excoecaria agallocha / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Excoecaria agallocha L.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six triterpenoids including taraxerone (1), beta-amyrin acetate (2), 3beta-[(2E,4E)-6-oxo-decadienoyloxy]-olean-12-ene (3), taraxerol (4), acetylaleuritolic acid (5), and cycloart-22-ene-3beta, 25-diol (6), and three steroids including beta-sitostenone (7), (24R)-24-ethylcholesta-4,22-dien-3-one (8), and beta-sitosterol (9) were isolated and identified from the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant E. agallocha.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 5-8 were isolated from E. agallocha for the first time.</p>

Activated brain areas during simple and complex mental calculation--a functional MRI study / 生理学报

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study the activated brain areas of human during simple and complex digital calculation, and to investigate the role of cortical and subcortical structures involved in the mental calculation. Sixteen right-handed healthy volunteers performed mental calculation of simple and complex addition/subtraction respectively, while the fMRI data were recorded by a Seimens 1.5 T MR machine. Block-design was used in the tasks. Two calculation tasks and one base-line tasks were performed for the block-design. Simple calculation task was single-digit addition and subtraction, while the complex was multi-digit addition and subtraction. The base-line task was to tell whether the two numbers were the same in every trial. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) was employed to process data and localize functional areas. We compared the average activation intensity of each activated brain regions in the same calculation task and the activation intensity of the same regions in both tasks respectively. Both the cortex and the subcortical structures including basal ganglia and thalamus were activated during simple and complex mental calculations. Similar brain regions in subjects including frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus, thalamus and cerebellum were engaged in simple and complex addition/subtraction. In the same task, activation intensity of all activated brain areas differed insignificantly. Compared with the complex task, the right parietal lobe was not activated in the simple one. The subcortical structures such as the caudate nucleus and the left marginal division of the striatum (MrD) were activated in both two calculation tasks. The cortical regions involved in both simple and complex addition/subtraction were similar. In conclusion, both the cortex and the subcortical structures were activated during the mental calculation. The cortex including the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and cingulate gyrus were activated during mental calculation, while the subcortical structures such as the caudate nucleus, the globus pallidum and the left marginal division of the striatum also played a critical role in the neural networks of the calculation at the same time. Right parietal lobe (supramarginal gyrus) was engaged only in the complex task, which suggested that this region might be involved in the visuospatial memory and processing.

A Optional Staining Method for the Hyphae’s Nuclear of Pleurotus tuber-region / 微生物学通报

We have obtain a steady and reliable dyeing methods for the uniuncleate and dicaryotic hyphae of Pleurotus tuber-regium by using different foster hyphae way, comparing two kinds of fastness liquid and three dye stuff on the hyphae nuclear stain effect, and then optimization grouping.

A case-control study of risk factors for myelodysplastic syndromes / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the risk factors involved in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 1:2 case-control study was conducted in 20 Shanghai' hospitals over a 3-year period, covering 266 "de novo" MDS cases corresponded to FAB criteria, and 532 age- and gender-matched controls from same hospitals with MDS cases. Subjects were all surveyed using the same standard questionnaire including histories of medications (Chloramphenicol, Sulfonamides, Meprobamate, Phenytoin, Colchicine, Cyclophosphamide, Propylthiouracil, Anti-TB medication, Tolbutamide, Primaquine and Chinese traditional herbs such as Bezoar, Angelica, Arsenic, Thunder cloud vine) at least 5 years prior to the onset of the disease, tumors, exposure to benzene, heavy metal, organic phosphates, pesticides, petrol/diesel, organic solvents, dye and hair dye products, radiation, house decorating, alcohol and smoking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Occupational exposure to benzene increased significantly the risk of MDS (OR: 8.52, 95% CI: 2.30 - 31.10). Living near high voltage power lines (100 m) increased significantly the risk of MDS (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.32). House decorating (one year prior to the onset of the disease) increased significantly the risk of MDS (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.38 - 4.14). Other investigated occupational poisons did not increase significantly the risk of MDS. Hair dye products, alcohol and smoking did not increase significantly the risk of MDS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occupational exposure to benzene, living near high voltage power lines and house decorating are the risk factors of MDS.</p>

The role of cyclooxygenase on angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in rat ischemic myocardium / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of COX1 and COX2 on angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in rats with experimental myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: MI group, MI plus rofecoxib group and MI plus valeryl salicylate group. At the 7th day after operation, circulating EPCs, plasma VEGF and HIF-1alpha mRNA of ischemic myocardium were measured. At the 28th day post operation, capillary densities were also measured in ischemic myocardium.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the MI group and the MI plus valeryl salicylate group, circulating EPCs, plasma VEGF, HIF-1alpha mRNA and capillary densities of ischemic myocardium were all decreased in MI plus rofecoxib group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study revealed that COX2 play an important role with angiogenesis and endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in rat with experimental MI by modulating expression of VEGF and HIF-1alpha.</p>