Genetic regulation of microvascular proliferation under high altitude hypoxia / 中华地方病学杂志

Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of the high altitude environment. Chronic hypoxia arises due to the excessive production of erythrocytes, which increases the blood viscosity causing blood flow retardation to exacerbate hypoxic-ischemic injury and eventually angiogenesis. The "blood rich face" of people who have lived in high altitude for a long time is a typical representative of microvascular proliferation. In recent years, the mechanism of microvascular proliferation under high altitude hypoxia has become a hot topic at home and abroad. Therefore, the pathways and genes of microvascular proliferation under high altitude hypoxia are reviewed in this paper.

Risk Factors for Relapse of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease After Discontinuation of Infliximab Therapy / 胃肠病学

Background: Some of the active perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD) patients achieving remission with infliximab (IFX) therapy would develop relapse of perianal fistula within weeks to years after discontinuation of IFX therapy. Aims: To assess the outcomes of patients with perianal fistulizing CD after discontinuation of IFX therapy and the risk factors for relapse of perianal fistula. Methods: The clinical data of patients with perianal fistulizing CD who received IFX therapy at Shanghai Renji Hospital between June 2013 and May 2019 and stopped IFX therapy after achieving complete or partial radiological remission were collected retrospectively and analyzed. Demographic data, clinical and imaging characteristics, as well as data of IFX treatment and relapse of perianal fistula were extracted. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative probabilities of perianal and luminal relapse, while Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify the risk factors for relapse. Results: A total of 56 perianal fistulizing CD patients who had been treated with IFX and stopped IFX therapy were included. Of them 26 achieved complete radiological remission and 30 achieved partial radiological remission. The median follow-up time was 20.5 months. Twenty-one patients (37.5%) had relapse of perianal fistula. The cumulative probabilities of perianal relapse were 29.0%, 33.7% and 42.8% at 12, 24 and 60 months after IFX discontinuation, respectively; and the cumulative probabilities of luminal relapse were 21.7%, 31.2% and 56.4% at 12, 24 and 60 months after IFX discontinuation, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that non-stricturing and non-penetrating type (HR=9.711, 95% CI: 1.210-77.939, P=0.032) and involvement of rectum (HR=3.034, 95% CI: 1.119-8.231, P=0.029) were independent risk factors for relapse of perianal fistula, while the frequency of using of IFX therapy was a protective factor (HR=0.885, 95% CI: 0.792-0.990, P=0.032). Conclusions: There is a high risk of relapse of perianal fistulizing CD after discontinuation of IFX therapy. Non-stricturing and non-penetrating type and rectal involvement are risk factors for relapse of perianal fistula, and increasing the frequencies of using IFX therapy is crucial for the maintenance of remission.

Expression of thymidylate synthase in salivary adenoid myoepithelial cells and its clinical significance / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in myoepithelial cells (MECs) of salivary adenoid tissues and explore its clinical significance.@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemical staining EnVision method was used to detect the expression of TS, P63, Calponin, CK5/6 and S-100 in 32 salivary gland specimens, including 10 non-neoplastic and salivary inflammation specimens, 11 mixed tumor specimens, 5 basal cell carcinoma specimens and 6 adenoid cyst carcinoma specimens. The specificity and sensitivity of TS as a specific molecular marker of salivary muscle epithelial cells were evaluated in comparison with P63, Calponin, CK5/6 and S-100.@*RESULTS@#The expression pattern of TS in all the salivary gland tissue specimens was identical with that of p63. TS and P63 both showed strong immunohistochemical expressions in MECs of salivary adenoid tissue specimens. Calponin, CK5/6, and S-100 showed cytoplasmic/membranous expressions in the MECs. In addition, TS exhibited weak or moderate cytoplasmic expression in a few salivary gland epithelial cells, cancer cells and scattered stromal cells, with negative expression in the cell nuclei. The expression of TS in the MECs of all the salivary adenoid specimens was highly consistent with those of P63, Calponin, CK5/6 and S-100 (>0.05) Except for CK5/6 expression in Salivary inflammation and Salivary gland specimens. Kappa>0.75. The specificity and sensitivity of TS as a molecular marker of MECs were both 100%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TS is a new specific marker of MECs for differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.

Research progress of unmanned aerial vehicle in wounded search and rescue / 国际生物医学工程杂志

With the increasing maturity of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAVs have become an indispensable part of search and rescue activities. In this paper, the background, advantages and classification of UAVs in the field of wounded search and rescue were briefly introduced. The application scenarios and research progress of UAVs were introduced from two aspects, including wounded search and target rescue. In the wounded search process, according to the configuration difference of the UAVs configuration under the active target and the passive target, the difference of the load was analyzed. During the target rescue process, the UAV-based rescue material delivery, telemedicine assistance, and wounded evacuation were analyzed. Through the introduction of the entire search and rescue process, the development direction of UAVs in the application of wounded search and rescue was prospected.

Effectiveness of family therapy for adolescent school refusal / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of family therapy on adolescent school refusal.@*Methods@#One hundred outpatient adolescents with school refusal were selected. All the patients were divided into two groups through random number table method. The intervention group (50 patients) received family therapy combined with cognitive therapy, and the control group (50 patients) received no intervention. Cognitive therapy was evaluated by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Severity Impression Scale (CGI-S), Family Dynamics Self-Assessment Scale, and information on going back to school was collected.@*Results@#After intervention, score in SAS, CGI-S, CBCL (father-reported), CBCL (mother-reported), family atmosphere, logic family, disease awareness, and personality significantly decreased (P<0.05). No significant differences were found before intervention. However, the intervention group showed lower scores in all the above indicators and higher rates of going back to school (92% vs 70%)(χ2=7.86, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Family therapy can effectively improve emotions such as anxiety and depressive symptoms and help going back to school in adolescents with school refusal.

Application of Biological Agents in Treatment of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease / 胃肠病学

Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD)often indicates aggressive and refractory phenotype. Two-thirds of the patients with pfCD will relapse,so the treatment is really challenging. Currently,biological agents have made great progress. The application of biological agents such as infliximab brings new hope to the treatment of pfCD. This article reviewed the application of biological agents in treatment of pfCD.

The status and its influencing factors of job stressors in postpartum nurses with the second-child / 中华护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status and its influencing factors of job stressors in postpartum nurses with the second-child.Methods A total of 127 postpartum nurses with the second-child from 18 tertiary general hospitals in Beijing were investigated with general information questionnaire and the Nurse Stressor Scale.Results The scores of the Nurse Stressor Scale of postpartum nurses with the second-child were 487.99±209.37,mainly for the stressors of nature of nursing work,work load and family.Nature of the department,length of second-child maternity leave,satisfaction of income,appropriate adjustment and care of the department according to work position were the independent contributing factors(P＜0.05).Conclusion The scores of the Nurse Stressor Scale of postpartum nurses with the second-child were in the middle level.Measures should be taken to ensure the length of the second-child maternity leave,arrange suitable work posts,raise salary,and give full care and support to postpartum nurses with the second-child in order to reduce their stress level.

Status of serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily involves the intestinal tract and can affect vitamin absorption. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies in patients with IBD, and to identify the risk factors associated with abnormal serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate levels. METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 195 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 62 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and selected 118 healthy subjects for the control group. RESULTS: There were more CD patients with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency than UC patients (14.9% vs. 3.2%, P=0.014) and controls (14.9% vs. 4.2%, P=0.003). The prevalence of folate deficiency was higher in CD patients than in controls (13.3% vs. 3.4%, P=0.004). There were no significant differences in the serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate statuses of the UC and control groups. Patients with prior ileal or ileocolic resection showed a higher prevalence of abnormal vitamin B₁₂ levels than those without prior resection (n=6/16, n=23/179; P=0.018). A disease duration within 5 years was a risk factor of abnormal folate levels in CD patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies were more common in patients with CD than in UC patients and controls. Prior ileal or ileocolonic resection was a risk factor of serum vitamin B₁₂ abnormalities, and a disease duration within 5 years was a risk factor of low serum folate levels in CD patients.

Reversal effect of inhibiting or silencing the expression of Akt gene on hydroxycampothecin-resistance of colorectal cancer SW1116/HCPT cells / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the reversal effect of blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway on hydroxycampothecin (HCPT)-resistance of colorectal cancer SW1116/HCPT cells. Methods: The expression levels of Akt and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) in the parent cell line SW1116 and HCPT-resistant cell line SW1116/HCPT were detected by Western blotting. The specific inhibitor LY294002 and siRNA targeting Akt gene were used to block the expression of Akt. Then the proliferation of SW1116/HCPT cells was detected by MTT assay. The expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) mRNA and protein were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The drug-efflux function was detected by Rhodamine 123 (Rh123) method. Results: The expression level of p-Akt in SW1116/HCPT cells was higher than that in parent SW1116 cells (P < 0.01). LY294002 and Akt-siRNA could inhibit the expression level of p-Akt, suppress the proliferation of SW1116/HCPT cells, and increase the sensitivity to HCPT (all P < 0.01). LY294002 could down-regulate the expressions of ABCG2 mRNA and protein by (74.82±4.71)% and (58.24±4.78)% (both P < 0.01), respectively. The accumulation of Rh123 in SW1116/HCPT cells was increased 1.45±0.12 times 48 h after treatment (P < 0.01). After silencing the expression of Akt, the expressions of ABCG2 mRNA and protein were decreased by (59.63±5.14)% and (44.41±2.56)% (both P < 0.01), respectively, and the concentration of intracellular Rh123 was increased 1.22±0.10 times (P < 0.01). Conclusion: PI3K/Akt signal pathway can up-regulate the expression of drug-resistance gene ABCG 2, and play a vital role in the carcinogenesis of multidrug-resistance induced by HCPT.

Activation of CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory pathway and its correlation with disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory pathway in peripheral circulation and intestinal mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),the difference between the expression of CD40-CD154 in patients with IBD and that in healthy controls,and the correlation between CD40-CD154 levels and disease activity. Methods A total of 62 patients with Crohn's disease (CD),64 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 56 healthy controls were enrolled. Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA),SYBR-green real time PCR and immunohistochemical assay were respectively applied to evaluate expression of CD40-CD154 in plasma,mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa. Results Levels of CD40 (P=0. 000) and CD154 (P=0. 001) in plasma,mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa were significantly higher in patients with CD and UC than in healthy controls. However,no correlation between disease activity and CD40-CD154 expression in peripheral circulation or intestinal mucosa was detected (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CD40-CD154 pathway activation is found in plasma,peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal mucosa in patients with IBD,but is not correlated with disease activity.