Bioceramic cement in the filling of bone defects in rats

Abstract Purpose To evaluate PBS®MCIMMO cement in the filling of bone defects. Methods Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of twelve individuals each (group 1, group 2 and group 3). In all groups, a bone failure in the femur was induced, 2.0 mm wide and 7.0 mm deep. In group 1, the PBS®MCIMMO cement was applied to the bone defect produced and a titanium implant (CONNECTION®) 1.5 mm thick and 6 mm long was installed. In group 2, only the PBS® CIMMO cement was installed. In group 3, only bone failure was performed. Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to compare the mean area among the three groups. Results In all comparisons, significance was observed for group 2 (p = 0.0014-0.0026). Conclusion The PBS®CIMMO cement induced bone neoformation, and integration between the newly formed bone, cement, and implant was observed.

Experimental model of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate metabolic effects in experimental model of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. METHODS: Twenty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups, which were treated with intraperitoneally injected dexamethasone 1mg/Kg/day for ten days consecutively (Group D; n=10) and placebo (Group C; n=10). The variables analyzed were: from the first to the 10th day - body weight (before and after treatment); food and water daily consumption; on the 10th day - glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR. The blood samples for laboratory analysis were obtained by intracardiac puncture. Also on the 10th day liver fragments were taken for analyzing glycogen and fattty. RESULTS: Group D animals compared to group C had: weight reduction (g), (D=226.5±24.7 vs C=295.0±25.4; p=0.001); increased glycemia (mmol/l) (D=19.5±2.1 vs C=14.2±3.1; p=0.0001); diminished insulinemia (mU/l) (D=0.2±0.1 vs C=2.0±0.4; p=0.0001); reduced HOMA-β (D=0.2±0.1 vs C=4.2±1.7; p=0.0002); diminished HOMA-IR (D=0.2±0.1 vs C=1.3±0.4; p=0.0002). Histological examination of the liver showed that 100% of group D and none of group C had moderate fatty. (p=0.2). CONCLUSION: Animals treated with glucocorticoid, in this experimental model, expressed hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinism and decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Contribuição da imuno-histoquímica no diagnóstico do câncer de próstata / Immunohistochemistry contribution to the diagnosis of prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION: Efforts for the identification of prostate cancer in the initial clinical and pathological stages led to an increase in the number of biopsies, sometimes making the histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma difficult. This is due to the presence of minimal carcinoma or atypical glands suspicious for carcinoma, also known as atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). In these cases, the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a common practice in laboratories of pathology. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the incidence of diagnoses of ASAP and minimal adenocarcinoma in two laboratories of pathology and to evaluate the contribution of IHC and repeat biopsy to the diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS: We reviewed 641 sets of modified sextant needle biopsies of the prostate performed in two laboratories of pathology between January 2005 and December 2010. IHC using 34âE12 and p63 antibodies was performed on 35 of 73 (11.38%) cases diagnosed as ASAP and on 7 (1.1%) cases diagnosed as minimal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: The incidence of ASAP diagnosis was 11.38% (n = 73). IHC was performed in 35 of the 73 ASAP cases and provided conclusive results in 31 cases (88.57%), resulting in a final diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in 19 patients (54.28%), benign lesions in 12 patients (34 28%); only 4 (11.42%) were inconclusive. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that IHC should be routinely used in evaluation of borderline biopsies and in ASAP cases. IHC strongly contributes to the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os esforços de detecção precoce do câncer de próstata, identificados em fases clínicas e patológicas iniciais, levou ao aumento no número de biópsias e, por vezes, indefinição do diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma devido à presença de carcinomas mínimos ou alterações pseudoneoplásicas, como proliferação atípica de pequenos ácinos (PAPA). Nesses casos, o uso da imuno-histoquímica (IMH) para evidenciar a presença de células basais tornou-se uma prática comum em laboratórios de patologia. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo visa a avaliar a incidência de PAPA e de adenocarcinoma mínimo em dois laboratórios de patologia do interior, bem como avaliar a contribuição da IMH e da rebiópsia no diagnóstico do câncer de próstata. MÉTODOS: Foram revistas 641 biópsias de próstata por agulha realizadas entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2010. Dos 73 casos diagnosticados como PAPA (11,38%), 35 foram submetidos ao exame imuno-histoquímico, usando anticorpos anti-34ßE12 e p63, assim como sete casos diagnosticados como adenocarcinoma mínimo (1,1%). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a técnica foi conclusiva em 31 casos (88,57%), com diagnóstico final de adenocarcinoma em 19 pacientes (54,28%); 12 (34,28%) com lesões benignas; e apenas quatro (11,42%) inconclusivos (PAPA). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que IMH deve ser rotineiramente usada em biópsias limítrofes e casos de PAPA, pois contribui significativamente para o diagnóstico de câncer de próstata.

Carcinoma mamário secretório em criança de sete anosde idade: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Carcinoma mamário secretório em criança de sete anos de idade: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

O carcinoma secretório da mama é uma entidade extremamente rara, inicialmente descrita em crianças e adolescentes, mas um número relativamente frequente de casos foi relatado em adultos. É usualmente associado ao bom prognóstico. O presente caso refere-se a uma menina de sete anos de idade com crescimento tumoral progressivo na mama esquerda. O exame clínico identificou um nódulos ubareolar duro, móvel, indolor e margens regulares; macroscopicamente, o espécime cirúrgico mostrou nódulo com 1,3 cm de diâmetro e superfície lisa. O diagnóstico final de neoplasia maligna levou à mastectomia, e a avaliação intraoperatória do linfonodo sentinela foi negativa. O perfil imunoistoquímico incluiu coloração fortemente positiva para citoqueratinas (AE1/AE3) e TP53, expressão negativa para receptores de estrógeno e progesterona e proteína Her-2/neu; o antígeno de proliferação celualar Ki-67 (MIB-1) mostrou índice de marcação de 10%. Exames adicionais de acompanhamento não mostraram nenhuma evidência de metástases à distância, com desenvolvimento normal das características sexuais secundárias (pubarca, telarca direita e menarca, que ocorreu em julho de 2009). Sete anos mais tarde, a adolescente ainda está livre da doença e aguarda cirurgia plástica reconstrutiva da mama esquerda.

Secretory breast carcinoma is an extremely rare entity initially described in children and in adolescents, but a relatively frequent number of cases has been reported in adults. It is often associated with good prognosis. The present case refers to a seven-year-old girl with a progressively growing tumor in the left breast. Clinical examination identified a hard, mobile, non-painful,subareolar nodule with regular margins; further macroscopy of surgical specimen showed a smooth surface and 1.3 cm in diameter. The final diagnosis of malignancy led to mastectomy and intra-operatively negative sentinel lymph node assessment. Immunohistochemical profile included a strong positive stain for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) and TP53, and estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor and Her-2/neu protein expression negative; and MIB-1 (Ki-67) labeling index was 10%. Further follow-up examinations have shown no evidence of distant metastases, with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics (pubarche, right thelarche, and menarche occurring in July, 2009). Seven years later, the teenager still does not have the disease and waits reconstructive plastic surgery of the left breast.