RESUMEN
Introduction: Liver is an important gland of gastrointestinal tract having both exocrine and endocrine functionsand it is having the extensive power of regeneration. Not only the adult liver, the foetal liver is an important organwith synthetic and haemopoietic functions. It develops as a ventral outgrowth During 3rd week of gestational agefrom the gut endoderm in the region of the anterior intestinal portal.Materials and Methods: We used Total of 27 formalin Preserved dead embryos and foetuses from 5weeks to 40Weeks of gestational age of both the sexes with relevant obstetric records available in the department ofAnatomy, Viswabharathi Medical College, Penchikalapadu, Kurnool for this study.Results: In the present study a total of 27 aborted embryos and foetuses of different gestational ages of bothsexes of normal and abnormal were observed (table -1). The liver specimens are categorized in to gestational agegroups of 0 – 12 weeks, 12 – 24 weeks, 24 – 36 weeks and more than 36 weeks.Conclusion: At 5-6weeks of gestational age we observed the aggregation of hepatocytes and early stage ofhaemopoiesis which is in agreement with literature. Delay in the Histogenesis and development of the liver cellsand bile duct system leads to histopathological and developmental abnormalities gives knowledge to theclinicians during clinical procedures.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Anatomical variations of the levator scapulae are important and therefore clinically relevant. Thelevator scapulae are now believed to be the leading cause of discomfort in patients with chronic tension-typeneck and shoulder pain and a link between anatomical variants of the muscle and increased risk of developingpain has been speculated. The results obtained were compared with previous studies.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 32 levator scapulae muscle of 16 cadavers over a period of3 years. The dissection of head and neck was done carefully to preserve all minute details, observing themorphological variations of the muscle in the department of Anatomy, Viswabharathi Medical College,Penchikalapadu, and Kurnool.Results: Total 32 levator scapulae muscles were used. All the sample values were measured to 2 decimal places.The average age of the cadavers in the sample was 82.87 years. The oldest cadaver in the sample was 100 yearsold and the youngest 61 years. Measurements of the proximal and distal attachments and the total length of themuscles were taken. Between 3 and 6 muscle slips were reported at the proximal attachment. Differences werealso observed between sides. The first report of a levator scapula muscle with 6 muscle slips at the proximalattachment was described.Conclusion: In our study we report 3 to 6 muscle slips in our study group. In order to improve the reliability of theresults of this study a greater number of specimens should be used, either through further dissection or inclusionof results from imaging techniques. The findings of the study should still be of great interest to cliniciansassociated with this area of the body. By doing this the speculated link between muscle variation and clinicaloutcomes such as myofascial pain syndrome could be investigated further. The potential applications andexpansions of this study are exciting and may begin to uncover the unexplained mechanisms behind myofascialpain syndrome.
RESUMEN
Background: The objective was to study the development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with different gestational age. Methods: In the present study lung specimens were collected from formalin fixed 27 aborted foetuses (14 male, 13 female) by abdominal dissection between 6 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age. Results: In the present study we observed that there was a delay in the appearance of embryonic, pseudo glandular phase, canalicular, terminal saccular and alveolar stages of the lung. Conclusion: Delay in the developmental anatomy and histogenesis of the lung cells leads to histopathological abnormalities which gives knowledge to the clinicians during clinical procedures.