Improvement effect and mechanism of total flavonoids from Rosa multiflora root on vascular injury in rheumatoid arthritis model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effect of total flavonoids from Rosa multiflora root on vascular injury in rheumatoid arthritis （RA） model rats and its potential mechanism. METHODS Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， aspirin group （positive control， 30 mg/kg）， low-dose and high-dose groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root （4.15， 8.30 g/kg， by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group， the RA model was induced in other groups by collagen induction and high-fat diet. After 14 days of modeling， they were given corresponding drug solution/0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution intragastrically， once a day， for 36 consecutive days. The total body score， arthritis index （AI） and swollen joint count （SJC） of the rats were evaluated regularly. After the last medication， serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and vascular cell adhesion molecule- 1 （VCAM-1） were determined. The pathological morphological changes in the vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were observed； the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and the protein phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 （JAK2） and signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were measured. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group， serum levels of IL-6， ICAM-1 and VCAM-1， protein expression of TLR4， and the protein phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in vascular tissue of thoracic aorta were increased significantly in model group （P＜ 0.01）. The atherosclerotic plaque （atheroma）， cholesterol crystal， lymphocyte infiltration and a small number of unbroken foam cell aggregation could be seen in the vascular tissue of thoracic aorta. Compared with the model group， total body score （except for the low-dose group）， AI and SJC were decreased significantly in groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root on the 28th day （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； total body score，AI and SJC were decreased significantly in low-dose group of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root on the 49th day （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the other quantitative indicators in serum and vascular tissue were significantly reversed in groups of total flavonoids from R. multiflora root （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and pathological damage of vascular tissue was significantly relieved. CONCLUSIONS Total flavonoids from R. multiflora root can significantly improve vascular injury in RA model rats， and its mechanism may be related to reducing the protein expression of TLR4 in vascular tissue and inhibiting the activation of IL-6/JAK2/ STAT3 signaling pathway.

Effects of specimen preservation and transportation on blood paraquat concentration in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of duration, temperature and shake on paraquat (PQ) concentration in the blood of PQ-exposed rats during the specinen preservation and transportation. Methods: In March 2021, 60 SD male rats of Specific Pathogen Free class were randomly divided into low-dose group (10 mg/kg PQ) and high-dose group (80 mg/kg PQ). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups (normal temperature group, cold storage group, 37 ℃ storage group, shaking on normal temperature group and shaking on 37 ℃ group), six rats in each subgroup. The rats were given intraperitoneal injection of PQ, 1 h after exposure, the blood samples were obtained by cardiac extraction. After different interventions, the concentrations of PQ were detected and compared before and after the intervention in each subgroup. Results: In the shaking on 37 ℃ group, the results of PQ concentrations in PQ-exposed rats were significantly lower than those before the intervention (P<0.05). In the other subgroups, the results were not significantly different compared with before intervention (P>0.05) . Conclusion: The concentration of PQ in the blood of rats exposed to PQ was decreased by shaking for 4 hours at 37 ℃.

LncRNA DRAIC regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting let-7i-5p / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of lncRNA DRAIC on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanism. Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of DRAIC in lung cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues of 40 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in Tangshan People's Hospital from 2019 to 2020. Lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and H1299 were cultured in vitro and divided into si-NC group, si-DRAIC group, miR-NC group, let-7i-5p mimics group, si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group. CCK-8 method and clone formation experiment were used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell array was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between DRAIC and let-7i-5p. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of DRAIC in lung adenocarcinoma tissues increased (P<0.05), but the expression level of let-7i-5p decreased (P<0.05). The expression levels of DRAIC and let-7i-5p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were negatively correlated (r=-0.737, P<0.05). The absorbance value of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(91.00±6.08 vs. 136.67±6.51); (50.67±1.53 vs. 76.67±4.51)], the number of migration [(606.67±31.34 vs. 960.00±33.06); (483.33±45.96 vs. 741.67±29.67)], the number of invasion [(185.00±8.19 vs. 447.33±22.05); (365.00±33.87 vs. 688.00±32.97)] were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(13.43±2.79)% vs. (4.53±0.42)%; (23.77±1.04)% vs. (6.60±1.42)%] were higher than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC group were higher than those in si-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-NC group (P<0.05). DRAIC is located in the cytoplasm. DRAIC targeted and negatively regulated the expression of let-7i-5p. The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the let-7i-5p mimics group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(131.33±14.47 vs. 171.33±6.11); (59.33±4.93 vs. 80.33±7.09)], the number of migration [(137.67±3.06 vs. 579.33±82.03); (425.00±11.14 vs. 669.33±21.13)], the number of invasion [(54.00±4.36 vs. 112.67±11.59); (80.00±4.58 vs. 333.33±16.80)] were lower than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(14.57±1.10)% vs. (6.97±1.11)%; (23.97±0.42)% vs. (7.07±1.21)%] were higher than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in let-7i-5p mimics group were higher than those in miR-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in miR-NC group (P<0.05). The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(82.00±5.29 vs. 59.00±5.57); (77.67±4.93 vs. 41.33±7.57)], the number of migration [(774.33±35.81 vs. 455.67±19.04); (569.67±18.72 vs. 433.67±16.77)], the number of invasion [(670.33±17.21 vs. 451.00±17.52); (263.67±3.06 vs. 182.33±11.93)] were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(7.73±0.45)% vs. (19.13±1.50)%; (8.00±0.53)% vs. (28.40±0.53)%] were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group were higher than those in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05). Conclusion: DRAIC is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and DRAIC promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits apoptosis by targeting let-7i-5p.

Application of Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To explore the optimal administration route of tranexamic acid (TXA) in shoulder arthroscopic surgery. Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly divided into four groups: control group (without TXA treatment), intravenous group (TXA was intravenously administered 10 minutes before surgery), irrigation group (TXA was added to the irrigation fluid during subacromial decompression and acromioplasty), and intravenous plus irrigation group (TXA was applied both intravenously and via intra-articular irrigation). The primary outcome was visual clarity assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the secondary outcomes included irrigation fluid consumption and time to subacromial decompression and acromioplasty procedure. Results There were 134 patients enrolled in the study, including 33 in the control group, 35 in the intravenous group, 32 in the irrigation group, and 34 in the intravenous plus irrigation group. The median and interquartile range of VAS scores for the intravenous, irrigation, and intravenous plus irrigation groups were 2.70 (2.50, 2.86) (Z = -3.677, P = 0.002), 2.67 (2.50, 2.77) (Z = -3.058, P < 0.001), and 2.91 (2.75, 3.00) (Z = -6.634, P < 0.001), respectively, significantly higher than that of the control group [2.44 (2.37, 2.53)]. Moreover, the control group consumed more irrigation fluid than the intravenous group, irrigation group, and intravenous plus irrigation group (all P < 0.05). The intravenous plus irrigation group consumed less irrigation fluid than either the intravenous group or the irrigation group (both P < 0.001). There was no difference in subacromial decompression and acromioplasty operative time among the four groups. Conclusion TXA applied both topically and systematically can improve intraoperative visual clarity, and the combined application is more effective.

Dihydromyricetin mediates epithelial mesenchymal transformation and regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To study the effects of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell KYSE150 and KYSE410. Methods: KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells were treated with different concentrations of DMY (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/L) for 24 hours. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values of KYSE150 and KYSE410 were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Then 0.5‰ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as control group, dihydromyricetin (DMY), dihydromyricetin and transforming growth factor-β1 (DMY+ TGF-β1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were used as experimental group. Cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were measured by clonal formation and flow cytometry. Transwell invasion and wound healing assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration. The protein expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, Smad2/3, phosphorylation-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Vimentin were detected by western blot. Results: The IC50 values of DMY on KYSE410 and KYSE150 cells were 100.51 and 101.27 μmol/L. The clone formation numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 in DMY group [(0.53±0.03) and (0.31±0.03)] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.10) and (1.00±0.05), P<0.05]. The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(1.84±0.22)% and (2.80±0.07)%] were higher than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.18)% and (1.00±0.07)%, P<0.05]. The invasion numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(0.42±0.03) and (0.29±0.05)] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.08) and (1.00±0.05), P<0.05]. The migration rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(0.65±0.14)% and (0.40±0.17)%] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.10)% and (1.00±0.08)%, P<0.05]. The clone formation numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 in TGF-β1 group [(1.01±0.08) and (0.99±0.25)] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.73±0.10) and (0.58±0.05), P<0.05]. The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(0.81±0.14)% and (1.18±0.10)%] were lower than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(1.38±0.22)% and (1.85±0.04)%, P<0.05]. The invasion numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(1.19±0.11) and (1.39±0.11)] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.93±0.09) and (0.93±0.05), P<0.05]. The migration rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(1.87±0.19)% and (1.32±0.04)%] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.86±0.16)% and (0.77±0.12)%, P<0.05]. The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group were higher than those in DMSO group, while the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was lower than that in DMSO group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3 and Vimentin in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group were lower than those in DMSO group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group were lower than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher than that in DMY+ TGF-β1 group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY+ TGF-β1 group were lower than those in DMY group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher than that in DMY group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3 and Vimentin in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion: DMY can inhibit the proliferation and EMT of ESCC mediated by TGF-β1 and promote cell apoptosis.

Mechanism of Xiao Chaihutang in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease： Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of Xiao Chaihutang （XCHT） in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease （AD） based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics. MethodThe active components of XCHT and corresponding targets were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and the differentially expressed genes related to AD were searched from Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）. Thereby， the common targets of XCHT and AD were yielded， followed by Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets. The component-target network and protein–protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed. Furthermore， amyloid β-protein （Aβ）1-40 was used to induce AD in PC12 cells and then the AD cells were intervened with XCHT. Afterward， cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） assay and cell morphology was observed based on 4'，6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） staining. Cell membrane potential was determined and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry， and cellular immunofluorescence detects the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）/Bcl-2-related X protein （Bax）. Moreover， immunofluorescence assay was performed. ResultA total of 190 active components and 41 anti-AD targets of XCHT were screened out. The key components included mairin， quercetin， berberine， protoporphyrin， 24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one， and β-D-ribofuranoside， and the core targets were sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 （SIGMAR1）， checkpoint kinase 1 （CHEK1）， protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 （PTPN6）， protein kinase C（PRKCH）， inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta （IKBKB）， cathepsin D （CTSD）， cysteine aspartate protease-3 （Caspase-3）， Bax， and Bcl-2-like protein 1 （Bcl-2L1）. The anti-AD targets of XCHT were involved in 302 GO terms （P < 0.05）， particularly the regulation of neuronal cell apoptosis， and 73 KEGG pathways （P<0.05）. The major pathways and biological processes included the apoptosis pathway， virus infection pathway， lipid and atherosclerosis pathway， and cancer-related pathways. In the in vitro experiment， the model group demonstrated the decrease in cell survival rate （P<0.05）， increase in apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio compared with the blank control. Compared with the model group， XCFT group showed the increase in cell survival rate （P<0.05）， decrease in apoptosis rate （P<0.05）， and up-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. ConclusionBased on network pharmacology， this study reveals the multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway characteristics of XCHT in the treatment of AD， laying a foundation for further research on the material basis and mechanism of this prescription.

Early predictive value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol for secondary acute kidney injury in sepsis patients / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the changes of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in sepsis patients and its early predictive value for secondary acute kidney injury (AKI) in such patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. From June 2019 to June 2021, 232 sepsis patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, including 126 males and 106 females, aged 24 to 71 years. According to whether complicating secondary AKI, the patients were divided into non-AKI group (n=158) and AKI group (n=74). Data of patients between the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed with independent sample t test or chi-square test, including the sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score at admission, and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C measured at diagnosis of sepsis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups to screen the independent risk factors for developing secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients, and the joint prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the independent risk factors and the joint prediction model predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal threshold, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were calculated. The quality of the above-mentioned AUC was compared by Delong test, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold were compared using chi-square test. Results: The sex, age, BMI, body temperature, heart rate, primary infection site, combined underlying diseases, and CRP level of patients between the two groups were similar (P>0.05). The procalcitonin, creatinine, cystatin C, and scores of APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA of patients in AKI group were all significantly higher than those in non-AKI group (with t values of -3.21, -16.14, -12.75, -11.13, and -12.88 respectively, P<0.01), while the HDL-C level of patients in AKI group was significantly lower than that in non-AKI group (t=6.33, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C were the independent risk factors for secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients (with odds ratios of 2.45, 1.68, and 2.12, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.38-15.35, 1.06-3.86, and 0.86-2.56, respectively, P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC curves of creatinine, cystatin C, HDL-C, and the joint prediction model for predicting secondary AKI in 232 sepsis patients were 0.69, 0.79, 0.89, and 0.93, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.61-0.76, 0.72-0.85, 0.84-0.92, and 0.89-0.96, respectively, P values all below 0.01); the optimal threshold were 389.53 μmol/L, 1.56 mg/L, 0.63 mmol/L, and 0.48, respectively; the sensitivity under the optimal threshold were 76.6%, 81.4%, 89.7%, and 95.5%, respectively; the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 78.6%, 86.7%, 88.6%, and 96.6%, respectively. The AUC quality of cystatin C was significantly better than that of creatinine (z=2.34, P<0.05), the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of HDL-C were all significantly better than those of cystatin C (z=3.33, with χ2 values of 6.43 and 7.87, respectively, P<0.01) and creatinine (z=5.34, with χ2 values of 6.32 and 6.41, respectively, P<0.01); the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold of the joint prediction model were all significantly better than those of creatinine, cystatin C, and HDL-C (with z values of 6.18, 4.50, and 2.06, respectively, χ2 values of 5.31, 7.23, 3.99, 6.56, 7.34, and 4.00, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: HDL-C level in sepsis patients with secondary AKI is significantly lower than that in patients without secondary AKI. This is an independent risk factor for secondary AKI in sepsis patients with a diagnostic value being superior to that of creatinine and cystatin C. The combination of the aforementioned three indicators would have higher predicative valuable for secondary AKI in sepsis patients.

Anti-depressant components and mechanism of Rehmanniae Radix based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the anti-depressant components of Rehmanniae Radix and its action mechanism based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. The main components of Rehmanniae Radix were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and the related targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. Following the collection of depression-related targets from GeneCards, OMIM and TTD, a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed using STRING. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed by Metascape. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the networks of "components-targets-disease" and "components-targets-pathways", based on which the key targets and their corresponding components were obtained and then preliminarily verified by molecular docking. Rehmanniae Radix contained 85 components including iridoids, ionones, and phenylethanoid glycosides. The results of network analysis showed that the main anti-depressant components of Rehmanniae Radix were catalpol, melittoside, genameside C, gardoside, 6-O-p-coumaroyl ajugol, genipin-1-gentiobioside, jiocarotenoside A1, neo-rehmannioside, rehmannioside C, jionoside C, jionoside D, verbascoside, rehmannioside, cistanoside F, and leucosceptoside A, corresponding to the following 16 core anti-depression targets: AKT1, ALB, IL6, APP, MAPK1, CXCL8, VEGFA, TNF, HSP90 AA1, SIRT1, CNR1, CTNNB1, OPRM1, DRD2, ESR1, and SLC6 A4. As revealed by molecular docking, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity might be the main action forms. The key anti-depression targets of Rehmanniae Radix were concentrated in 24 signaling pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, neurodegenerative disease-multiple diseases pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, serotonergic synapse, and Alzheimer's disease.

Formulation optimization of emodin nanostructured lipid carriers by Box-Behnken response surface method and in vitro quality evaluation / 中国中药杂志

Emodin nanostructured lipid carriers(ED-NLC) were prepared and their quality was evaluated in vitro. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, the ED-NLC formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the dosages of emodin, isopropyl myristate and poloxamer 188 as factors and the nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation indexes. Then the evaluation was performed on the morphology, size and in vitro release of the nanoparticles prepared by emulsification-ultrasonic dispersion method in line with the optimal formulation, i.e., 3.27 mg emodin, 148.68 mg isopropyl myristate and 173.48 mg poloxamer 188. Under a transmission electron microscope(TEM), ED-NLC were spherical and their particle size distribution was uniform. The particle size of ED-NLC was(97.02±1.55) nm, the polymer dispersion index 0.21±0.01, the zeta potential(-38.96±0.65) mV, the encapsulation efficiency 90.41%±0.56% and the drug loading 1.55%±0.01%. The results of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) indicated that emodin may be encapsulated into the nanostructured lipid carriers in molecular or amorphous form. In vitro drug release had obvious characteristics of slow release, which accorded with the first-order drug release equation. The fitting model of Box-Behnken response surface methodology was proved accurate and reliable. The optimal formulation-based ED-NLC featured concentrated particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency, which laid a foundation for the follow-up study of ED-NLC in vivo.

Advances in polydopamine-based drug delivery systems for tumor targeting / 药学学报

Polydopamine (PDA) is a novel type of polymer synthesized inspired by adhesion proteins in mussels. It has been widely used in tumor-targeting drug delivery systems due to its natural advantages such as good biocompatibility, excellent photothermal conversion performance, adhesion, high chemical reactivity and multiple drug release response mechanisms. This review summarizes the applications of PDA-based tumor-targeting drug delivery in recent years, hoping to provide references for designing a more reasonable and effective PDA-based multifunctional collaborative tumor therapy platform.

Researches about Motor Imagery-Stroke in Recent Ten Years: A Visual Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Results and Conclusion:The mean of articles published was 70.5 a year. Germany, USA, UK were the top countries of cooperative documents; Tübingen University, Keio University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the top institutions. The most cooperative articles were involved the team of Gharabaghi A. Motor imagery-brain computer interface, network, motor function, especially walking function, may be the focuses in the future. Objective:To summarize the research structure of motor imagery applied in stroke and identify the hotspots and development. Methods:Literatures about motor imagery applied in stroke collected in Web of Science core database between 2010 to 2020 were obtained, and analyzed with CiteSpace software to draw the relevant knowledge mapping of related countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, etc.

HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Zhenwu Decoction and simultaneous determination of 13 components / 中草药

Objective: To establish HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Zhenwu Decoction(ZWD), screen out the signature components of ZWD through chemical pattern recognition, so as to establish the content determination method of ZWD based on this index. Methods: The fingerprint of 16 batches of ZWD was established by HPLC-ELSD method. The similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint (2012 Version) was used for similarity evaluation to determine the common peaks and its attribution. Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to select the index components of ZWD. Results: The fingerprint of ZWD was established, 38 common peaks were confirmed, and the similarity was > 0.95. The results of CA, PCA and OPLS-DA were consistent and the samples were divided into three categories. Benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylhypacoitine, polyporenic acid C, pachymic acid, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin were identified as the 11 index components with significant difference contribution in different batches of ZWD samples. 6-Gingerol and 6-shogaol were the main active components of ginger, so the above 13 components were taken as the index components of ZWD. The chromatographic peak separation degree and linear relationship were good. The average recovery rate was 96.46%-99.80%, RSD ≤ 3.15%. The mass fraction range of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylhypacoitine, polyporenic acid C, pachymic acid, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol in 16 batches were 283.93-576.86, 25.05-147.39, 62.96-303.37, 31.24-131.27, 9.76-44.04, 32.15-83.55, 76.55-333.13, 17.48-146.61, 456.58-1554.14, 3 322.48-5 590.01, 158.21-556.50, 525.85-582.92 and 68.52-74.73 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: The fingerprint combined with PCA, CA and OPLS-DA can comprehensively evaluate the quality of ZWD. This method is stable and reliable, providing reference for the quality evaluation.

Clinical analysis of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular involvement in Behcet syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness and safety of golimumab in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular Behcet syndrome (BS).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of nine patients diagnosed with severe/refractory cardiovascular BS and treated with golimumab from February 2018 to July 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We analyzed levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), imaging findings, and the doses of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents during the period of combined treatment with golimumab.@*RESULTS@#Nine patients were enrolled, including 8 males and 1 female, with a mean age and median course of (37.0±8.6) years and 120 (60, 132) months, respectively. Seven patients presented with severe aortic regurgitation combined with other cardiovascular involvement secondary to BS. Two patients presented with large vessel involvement, including multiple aneurysms and vein thrombosis. Prior to golimumab treatment, seven patients were treated with glucocorticoids and multiple immunosuppres-sants [with a median number of 3 (1, 3) types] while still experienced disease progression or elevated inflammation biomarkers during postoperative period. Eight patients with disease progression, uncontrolled inflammation and history of severe postoperative complications required effective and fast control of inflammation during perioperative period. One patient had adverse reaction with tocilizumab and switched to golimumab during perioperative period. The patients were treated with golimumab 50 mg every 4 weeks, along with concomitant treatment of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants. After a median follow-up of (16.3±5.6) months, all the patients achieved clinical improvement. Vascular lesions were radiologically stable and no vascular progressive or newly-onset of vascular lesions was observed. The eight patients who experienced cardiac or vascular operations showed no evidence of postoperative complications. The ESR and hsCRP levels decreased significantly [16.5 (6.8, 52.5) mm/h vs. 4 (2, 7) mm/h, and 21.24 (0.93, 32.51) mg/L vs. 0.58 (0.37, 1.79) mg/L (P < 0.05), respectively]. The dose of prednisone was tapered from 35 (15, 60) mg/d to 10.0 (10.0, 12.5) mg/d. No prominent adverse reactions were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study suggests that golimumab is effective in the treatment of severe/refractory cardiovascular BS. Combination immunosuppression therapy with golimumab contributes to control of inflammation, reduction of postoperative complications and tapering the dose of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants.

Effect of salvianolic acid B on high-glucose induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rats and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of salvianolic acid B(Sal B) on high-glucose induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in rats, and to explore its possible mechanisms of prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52 E cells were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into control group, high glucose group, high glucose+10 μmol·L~(-1)Sal B group(Sal B), the above 3 groups were set at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for dynamic observation; high glucose+Sal B different concentration(1, 5, 10 μmol·L~(-1)) groups, high glucose+5.0 μmol·L~(-1) pioglitazone group, high glucose+10 μmol·L~(-1)Sal B+5 μmol·L~(-1)GW9662 group. The protein expression levels of PPARγ, PTEN, α-SMA, E-cadherin and PI3 K/Akt signaling molecules were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expression of PPARγ and PTEN were detected by Real-time PCR. The viabi-lity of NRK52 E cells was determined by MTT assay. The results showed that as compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ and PTEN in high glucose group gradually reduced, the protein expression levels of α-SMA and p-Akt~((Thr308))gradually increased, and the protein expression of E-cadherin gradually reduced(P<0.05). As compared with high glucose group, when increases in Sal B doses, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ, PTEN in high glucose + different concentrations of Sal B groups gradually increased, the protein expression levels of α-SMA and p-Akt~((Thr308)) gradually reduced, and the protein expression of E-cadherin gradually increased(P<0.05), however, the effect of 1 μmol·L~(-1)concentration of Sal B on the expression of PPARγ mRNA and protein and PTEN mRNA was not significantly different. As compared with high glucose group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ mRNA(except 6 h) and protein(except 6 h), PTEN mRNA(except 6 h) and protein(except 6, 12 h) kept increasing, the protein expression levels of α-SMA and p-Akt~((Thr308))(except 6 h) continued to reduce, the protein expression of E-cadherin kept increasing in high glucose+10 μmol·L~(-1) Sal B dynamic observation group(P<0.05). As compared with high glucose group, Sal B and the pioglitazone(PIO) can greatly enhance the expression of PPARγ, PTEN at mRNA and protein levels, enhance the expression of E-cadherin at protein levels, and reduce the expression of α-SMA, p-Akt~((Thr308))protein level(P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, the expression levels of PPARγ and PTEN mRNA and protein, E-cadherin, α-SMA and p-Akt(Thr308) protein in the Sal B+GW9662 control group were not statistically significant compared with the high glucose group. The effect of Sal B was blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. It can be concluded that Sal B can suppress the NRK52 E cells induced by high-glucose EMT. The mechanism may be related to the activation of PPARγ with Sal B, and the up-regulation of PTEN expression, and thereby inhibiting the fibrosis effect of PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway.

Treatment satisfaction with rheumatoid arthritis in patients with different disease severity and financial burden: A subgroup analysis of a nationwide survey in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Despite the recent advances in treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are still unmet needs in disease outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the satisfaction with drug therapies for RA according to the levels of disease severity (patient-assessed) and proportions of treatment cost to household income.@*METHODS@#This was a subgroup study of a cross-sectional study in patients with RA and their physicians. The patients were subdivided into different subgroups based on their self-assessed severity of RA and on the proportions of treatment cost to household income (50%). The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II was used to assess patients' treatment satisfaction.@*RESULTS@#When considering all medications, effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction scores were lower in the severe and moderate RA subgroups than those in the mild and extremely mild RA subgroups (all P 50% subgroup (all P 50% subgroups (F = 12.646, P = 0.005). Global satisfaction score was higher in the <10% subgroup than that in the 31% to 50% subgroup (F = 8.794, P = 0.032).@*CONCLUSION@#Higher disease severity and higher financial burden were associated with lower patient satisfaction.

Topical Delivery of Modified Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction () Using Low-Frequency Ultrasound Sonophoresis for Refractory Metastatic Malignant Bowel Obstruction: An Open-Label Single-Arm Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical delivery of modified Da-Cheng- Qi Decoction (, MDCQD) by low-frequency ultrasound sonophoresis (LFUS) in patients with refractory metastatic malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) using an objective performance criteria (OPC) design.@*METHODS@#Fifty patients with refractory metastatic MBO were enrolled in this open-label single-arm clinical trial. Alongside fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, glycerol enema, intravenous nutrition and antisecretory therapy, a 50 g dose of MDCQD (prepared as a hydrogel) was applied through topical delivery at the site of abodminal pain or Tianshu (S 25) using LFUS for 30 min, twice daily for 5 consecutive days. The overall outcome was the remission of intestinal obstruction, and improvement on abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting scores. Indicators of safety evaluation included liver and renal function as well as blood coagulation indicators.@*RESULTS@#Among 50 patients, 5 patients (10%) showed complete remission of intestinal obstruction and 21 patients (42%) showed improvement of intestinal obstruction. The overall remission rate of bowel obstruction was 52%. The results of the symptom score, based on the severity and frequency of the episode, are as follows: 26 patients (52%) showed improvment on symptom scores, 20 patients (40%) did not respond to treatment, and 4 patients (8%) discontinued treatment due to intolerance. No serious adverse effects or abnormal changes on liver and renal function or blood coagulation were observed.@*CONCLUSION@#Topical delivery of MDCQD at 100 g/day using LFUS can improve the treatment response in patients with refractory metastatic MBO.

Application of Aconitum Medicines in Puji Fang for Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: Aconitum has a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its clinical toxic dose is close to the therapeutic dose. Puji Fang, as the greatest prescription book in China, analyzes and studied Aconitum herbal medicines prescriptions in Puji Fang used for children, and summarizes the rules and characteristics of children's medication for Aconitum Chinese medicine, so as to provide guidance for the clinical application of Aconitum herbal medicines in children. Method: Aconitum herbal medicines prescriptions in Puji Fang used for children were collected and organized to establish a prescription data sheet for Aconitum herbal medicines, for the purpose of statistics and analysis of Aconitum herbal medicines, their dosage, dosage form, indications and processed products. Result: A total of 300 children prescriptions containing Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, Aconitum carmichaelii and Tianxiong in Puji Fang were collected, and 64.45% of the prescriptions were based on Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. There were 13 types of diseases, mainly including severe convulsion, chronic spleen convulsion, vomiting and diarrhea. The prescriptions with a medicinal dose of Aconitum herbal medicines below 3 g accounted for 95.10% of the recorded dose. Children's Aconitum herbal medicines prescriptions were mainly for oral administration, 48.33% were pills, and the dosage of pills was higher than that of powder and decoction. There were 169 prescriptions for the use of processed products, accounting for 54.17%, 170 prescriptions with a specially administered medicine method, and those taken with "rice soup" occupied the highest proportion. Conclusion: Children's Aconitum medicines prescriptions account for a small proportion in the prescriptions of Puji Fang and a lighter dose, with differences in the dosage between different formulas. This article provides a reference for the safe and effective use of Aconitum medicines by studying the application of Aconitum medicines in children's prescriptions. It is necessary to establish a clinical warning of aconitum herbal medicines in the aspects of drug delivery based on syndrome differentiation, strict control of dosage and course of treatment, emphasis on compatibility, medication contraindications, and strengthened clinical drug monitoring.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency / 中国实用儿科杂志

Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative deficiency disease. It has various clinical manifestations,such as hypoglycemia,lethargy,myasthenia,etc. Different clinical manifestations and atypical biochemical examination can increase the difficulty of diagnosis,which is more likely to result in misdiagnosis. If it is not treated in time,mortality and the rate of sequelae are high,but if confirmed by neonatal screening and treated in time,satisfactory results can be obtained.

Simultaneous Determination of Eleven Active Constituents in Zhenwutang Decoction by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of eleven active constituents in Zhenwutang decoction， such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， （+）-cianidanol， paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoniflorin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 6-shogaol and pachymic acid. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2 ％ phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution） at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 285 nm （4.4-7 min， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural）， 203 nm [7-12 min，（+）-cianidanol]， 233 nm （12-50 min，paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoni- florin）， 200 nm （50-62.3 min， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol； 62.9-90 min， 6-shogaol， pachymic acid） and 222 nm （62.3-62.9 min， atractylenolide Ⅱ）. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃， and the sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS： The linear ranges of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， （+） -cianidanol， paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoniflorin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 6-shogaol， pachymic acid were 0.62-12.47 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6），2.36-47.25 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7），200.80-4 016 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7），4.45-89.04 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6），4.28-85.54 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5），5.16-103.13 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），5.53-110.66 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），0.84-16.89 μg/mL （r＝0.999 8），0.60-12.04 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），0.53-10.62 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5），1.04-20.78 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.155， 0.590， 1.210， 1.112， 1.070， 0.258， 0.553， 0.421， 0.153， 0.354， 0.431 μg/mL， respectively. The limits of detection were 0.047， 0.179， 0.134， 0.337， 0.324， 0.078， 0.168， 0.128， 0.046， 0.107， 0.131 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％. The average recovery rates were 96.06％-103.01％（RSD＝2.64％，n＝6）， 95.11％-101.57％（RSD＝2.58％，n＝6）， 97.22％-102.11％（RSD＝1.93％，n＝6）， 96.43％-102.78％（RSD＝2.35％，n＝6）， 96.42％-101.43％（RSD＝2.15％，n＝6）， 96.86％-102.05％（RSD＝2.10％，n＝6）， 95.32％-100.55％（RSD＝1.87％，n＝6）， 97.04％-103.25％（RSD＝2.22％，n＝6）， 96.78％-103.22％（RSD＝2.62％，n＝6）， 97.04％-103.14％（RSD＝2.28％，n＝6）， 97.08％-103.51％（RSD＝2.94％，n＝6）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The method is accurate and specific， and suitable for simultaneous determination 11 active components of Zhenwutang decoction.

Effect of bloodletting acupuncture at twelve -well points of hand on microcirculatory disturbance in mice with traumatic brain injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of bloodletting acupuncture at twelve -well points of hand on microcirculatory disturbance in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to explore the protective effect of bloodletting therapy on TBI.@*METHODS@#Sixty clean adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group and a treatment group, 20 mice in each group. The TBI model was established by using electronic controlled cerebral cortex impact instrument in the model group and the treatment group. The mice in the treatment group were treated with bloodletting acupuncture at bilateral "Shaoshang" (LU 11), "Shangyang" (LI 1), "Zhongchong" (PC 9), "Guanchong" (TE 1), "Shaochong" (HT 9) and "Shaoze" (SI 1) immediately after trauma. The mice in the sham-operation group only opened the bone window but did not receive the strike. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was monitored by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) using a PeriCam PSI System before trauma, immediately after trauma and 1, 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after trauma. The brain water content was measured by wet-dry weight method 24 h after trauma. The severity of functional impairment at 2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after trauma was evaluated by modified neurological scale scores (mNSS).@*RESULTS@#① 2 h after trauma, the mNSS in the model group and treatment group were >7 points, suggesting the successful establishment of model; compared with the sham-operation group, the mNSS was increased significantly from 12 to 72 h after trauma in the model group ( all <0.01), but the mNSS in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group from 2 to 24 h after trauma (<0.01, <0.05). ② Compared with the sham-operation group, rCBF in the model group was decreased significantly immediately after trauma (<0.01), and the rCBF in the model group was lower than that in the sham-operation group from 1 to 72 h after trauma ( all <0.01); rCBF in the treatment group began to rise and was significantly higher than that in the model group 1-2 h after trauma (<0.01); 12-48 h after trauma, the increasing of rCBF in the two groups tended to be gentle until 72 h after injury, and rCBF in the model group was decreased while that in the treatment group continued to rise and was higher than that in the model group (<0.01). ③ 24 h after trauma, the brain water content in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation group (<0.01), and brain water content in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The bloodletting acupuncture at twelve -well points of hand could improve microcirculation disturbance, increase microcirculation perfusion, alleviate secondary brain edema and promote the recovery of nerve function in mice with TBI.