RESUMEN
A freshwater enterobacterial population (N = 111) was studied for antimicrobial and mercury resistance patterns, and for its possible association with biotic and abiotic factors in that environment. Conventional biochemical tests identified Klebsiella sp, Morganella sp, Serratia sp, Escherichia sp, Enterobacter sp, Edwarsiella sp, Proteus sp, Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, and Kluyvera sp. There was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates and bacterial genera, but resistance patterns varied among water samples and between seasons. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was common (61%). The percentage of bacteria resistant to at least one antimicrobial differed between the rainy (100%) and dry seasons (89%). Resistance to â-lactams and chloramphenicol was the most frequent and resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin was less frequent. The main water variables examined (abiotic factors pH and temperature; biotic factor chlorophyll a concentration) did not influence antimicrobial resistance. Significant impact on freshwater enterobacteria, as evidenced by antimicrobial-multiple resistance and by the presence of blaTEM gene, may point to the fact that it has an important role in horizontal spread of resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enterobacteriaceae , Modelos Estadísticos , Microbiología del Agua , Brasil , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Clorofila/química , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Mercurio/toxicidad , Oxígeno/química , Temperatura , beta-Lactamas/farmacología , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
RESUMEN
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry, are present in the intestine of most animals, including humans. The potential use of these bacteria as live vehicles for the production and delivery of heterologous proteins of vaccinal, medical or technological interest has therefore been extensively investigated. Lactococcus lactis, a LAB species, is a potential candidate for the production of biologically useful proteins. Several delivery systems have been developed to target heterologous proteins to a specific cell location (i.e., cytoplasm, cell wall or extracellular medium). A promising application of L. lactis is its use as an antigen delivery vehicle, for the development of live mucosal vaccines. The expression of heterologous proteins and antigens as well as the various delivery systems developed in L. lactis, and its use as an oral vaccine carrier are discussed
Asunto(s)
Animales , Vectores Genéticos , Lactococcus lactis/genética , Vacunas , Antígenos/genética , Antígenos/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunidad Mucosa , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.