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Objective@#To explore the effects of precollege peer bullying at different stages, on quality of life (QOL) among college students.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select participants in October, 2018. Cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit a sample of 4 034 college students from four universities in Hefei city, Anhui province. Relations between peer bullying at different stages before entering college, and the quality of life, were investigated. t test and analysis of variance were used to compare the differences of QOL in different groups. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between various types of peer bullying at different stages and the QOL at precollege days.@*Results@#Among all the 4 034 college students under study, mean scores of the 4 dimensions of QOL appeared as physical (12.61±2.02), psychological (14.09±2.62), social relationship (13.72±2.71) and environment (13.77±2.46), respectively. After adjusting the confounding factors, data from multiple linear regression showed that, factors as verbal bullying victimization during primary school (β=-0.21)/secondary school (β=-0.27)/or at both periods (β=-0.56), relational (β=-0.21) and physical (β=-0.38) bullying victimization in secondary school, and physical bullying victimization in both periods (β=-0.67) were negatively correlated with the physical dimension of QOL. Verbal bullying victimization in both periods (β=-0.41) and relational bullying victimization in secondary school (β=-0.42) were negatively correlated with psychological dimension of QOL. Factors as relational (β=-0.32) and physical (β=-0.51) bullying victimization in secondary school, physical/cyber bullying victimization in both periods (β=-0.57) were negatively correlated with the social dimension of QOL. Verbal bullying victimization during primary school (β=-0.20) and both periods (β=-0.46), relational bullying perpetration during primary school (β=-0.35) or at both periods (β=-0.90) were negatively correlated with the environmental dimension of QOL (All P<0.05). Index related to bullying victimization (β=-0.33, -0.36, -0.30, -0.33) and bullying perpetration β=-0.28, -0.31, -0.23, -0.28) were both negatively correlated to all the 4 dimensions (physical, psychological, social relationship and environment) of QOL (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Various forms of peer bullying experiences occurring before college, were associated with the decreased scores of QOL in different domains, among the university students. Programs on prevention and control of peer bullying in different stages before college days seemed important thus should be strengthened.
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Objective To study the dose-response relationship between maternal thyroid hormone levels in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy and the infant physical and neuropsychological development.Methods In this prospective cohort study,a total of 945 women and their children were included.Maternal serum samples during first half of the pregnancy were collected and analyzed for levels of thyroid hormones by using the electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay.Maternal social demographic information was collected by using the a self-administered questionnaire.Physical measurements of newborns and neuropsychological evaluation of infants were performed by doctors of maternal and child health care.Results The differences in newborns' birth length and head circumference were significant among the newborns of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum (thyroidstimulating hormone,TSH) levels (P＜0.05).Newboms with maternal TSH level ≥P95 or ＜P5 had significantly lower birth length and birth head circumference,compared with the newborns with maternal TSH level between P25-P75 (P＜0.05).Newborns' birth head circumferences showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=33.940 + 0.003X-0.109X2,F=4.685,P=0.009).The difference in mental development index (MDI) of the infants at 18-30 months were significant among the infants of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum TSH level (P＜0.05).Infants with maternal TSH level ≥P90 showed lower MDI (6.39,95％CI:2.29-10.49,P=0.002) compared with the infants with maternal TSH level between P25-P75.Infant's MDI at 18-30 months also showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=103.249-1.524X-0.939X2,F=6.616,P=0.001).Conclusions Maternal TSH level was associated with newborn's birth length,birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months.Newborn's birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH-Z score.
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Objective To study the dose-response relationship between maternal thyroid hormone levels in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy and the infant physical and neuropsychological development.Methods In this prospective cohort study,a total of 945 women and their children were included.Maternal serum samples during first half of the pregnancy were collected and analyzed for levels of thyroid hormones by using the electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay.Maternal social demographic information was collected by using the a self-administered questionnaire.Physical measurements of newborns and neuropsychological evaluation of infants were performed by doctors of maternal and child health care.Results The differences in newborns' birth length and head circumference were significant among the newborns of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum (thyroidstimulating hormone,TSH) levels (P＜0.05).Newboms with maternal TSH level ≥P95 or ＜P5 had significantly lower birth length and birth head circumference,compared with the newborns with maternal TSH level between P25-P75 (P＜0.05).Newborns' birth head circumferences showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=33.940 + 0.003X-0.109X2,F=4.685,P=0.009).The difference in mental development index (MDI) of the infants at 18-30 months were significant among the infants of mothers with different percentiles of maternal serum TSH level (P＜0.05).Infants with maternal TSH level ≥P90 showed lower MDI (6.39,95％CI:2.29-10.49,P=0.002) compared with the infants with maternal TSH level between P25-P75.Infant's MDI at 18-30 months also showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH level (Y=103.249-1.524X-0.939X2,F=6.616,P=0.001).Conclusions Maternal TSH level was associated with newborn's birth length,birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months.Newborn's birth head circumference and infant's MDI at 18-30 months showed an inverted U-shaped association with maternal serum TSH-Z score.
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Objective@#To explore the role of hypothalamus Polycomb Group (PcG) gene (Eed, Ezh) methylation in the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during pregnancy and premature puberty in female offspring.@*Methods@#A total of 40 pregnant CD-1 mice were randomly and averagely assigned into four groups: control group (corn oil) and low, middle and high BPA-exposed groups (the poisonous doses were 8 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, respectively) by random number table method. Each group was administered by gavage from gestational day (GD) 1 to 18. The vaginal opening of female offspring was observed from postnatal day (PND) 21 to 33. All female offsprings were sacrificed, and hypothalamus was remained on the PND 34. The methylation levels of Eed and Ezh in the hypothalamus were measured. The early puberty of CD-1 mice was evaluated by the rate of vaginal opening in advance, initial time of vaginal opening, the first estrus occurrence and vaginal opening days in advance. The path model was used to explore the role of Eed and Ezh gene methylation in the early puberty of female offspring with maternal BPA exposed including the number of days of vaginal opening in advance as a dependent variable and BPA exposure as an independent variable.@*Results@#The rate of vaginal opening on the 28 day in each maternal BPA-exposure group [low, middle and high BPA-exposed groups were 40.00% (29/72), 47.62% (25/53) and 37.84% (20/53), respectively] was higher than that rate in the control group [14.06%(9/64)]. Similarly, the P50(P25, P75) values of initial time of vaginal opening in low, middle and high BPA-exposed group were 28 (26, 30), 28 (26, 29), 28 (26, 30) days, respectively and the P50(P25, P75) values of the first estrus occurrence in low, middle and high BPA-exposed group were 31 (27, 32), 30 (27, 31), 31 (28, 33) days, respectively, which were earlier than those in the control group [initial time of vaginal opening was 30(28, 31) days, and the first estrus occurrence was 32(30, 33) days] (all P values<0.05). Compared with the control group (the methylation levels of Eed1, Eed2, Ezh2 were 1.47%, 1.26%, 2.56%, respectively), the methylation levels of Eed1 (1.61%-1.82%), Eed2 (1.36%-1.43%) and Ezh2 (2.87%-3.05%) in female offspring were significantly higher in BPA-exposed groups (all P values<0.05). The results of path model analysis showed that BPA had no direct influence on puberty in advance, but had an indirect effect on puberty in advance (indirect effect path coefficient was 0.045 and 0.142, respectively) by mediating methylation of Eed2, and Ezh2.@*Conclusion@#Early puberty in female offspring induced by maternal exposure to BPA during pregnancy through the increased methylation levels of hypothalamus PcG gene (Eed, Ezh) in female offspring.
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Murderous behavior is defined to taking certain measures with planned and purposeful to achieve the illegal behavior of killing someone.In recent years,juvenile murderous behavior has become an important public health problem in the global adolescent health field,and murder become one of the important causes of juvenile death.However,the research on the psychological behaviors of juvenile murder has not received enough attention at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the epidemiological characteristics,influencing factors,possible mechanisms and control and prevention of juvenile murder behaviors,in order to provide a reference which can carry out further the scientific study and control and prevention of the psychological behaviors of juvenile murder.
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Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of circadian rhythms in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during puberty.Methods A total of 1 070 students from Grade 2-3 in 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan city,Anhui province,were selected for physical examination and circadian rhythm of HPA axis checked from 2015 to 2017.Saliva samples were collected at each of the following three time points:immediately upon wakening,30 minutes after wakening and bedtime,with the index of circadian rhythm of HPA axis calculated,which including cortisol awake response (CAR),cortisol in puberty priming and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS).Testicular volume,palpation and visual inspection of breast development were used to assess the state of purbety development on boys and girls.Information on gender,date of birth,time to fall asleep,wake-up time and weekly physical activity were gathered through questionnaire survey.Nonparametric test was used to compare the differences of baseline,follow-up period and different adolescent developmental processes of each index on circadian rhythm of HPA axis.Results During the period of follow-up program and comparing with the continuous undeveloped group,CAR and the changes of CAR showed significantly increase,both in the puberty priming group and continuous development group,with statistically significant differences (CAR:Z=8.551,4.680,respectively;P＜0.01;the changes of CAR:Z=4.079,2.700,respectively,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences noticed in CAR and the changes of CAR between puberty priming group or continuous development group.The area under the curve (AUC) of cortisol in puberty priming group was slightly higher than that in the persistent undeveloped group (Z=2.591,P=0.010).Both the changes of daily cortisol slope (DCS) in puberty priming group and continuing developed group decreased significantly,when comparing with those in continuous undeveloped group (Z=2.450,Z=2.151;all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference noticed in the changes of cortisol in puberty priming and DCS between different puberty development stages (the changes ofAUC:x2=2.747,P=0.253;DCS:x2=4.554,P=0.032).Conclusions The indexes of circadian rhythm of HPA axis were associated with the development of puberty.Both the cortisol awakening response and the total amount of diurnal cortisol secretion showed an increase,along with the puberty development.The change of diurnal cortisol slope declined with the development of puberty.
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Objective To explore the long-term effects of maternal pregnancy bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on emotional and behavioral problems appeared in their preschool children.Methods The study sample was a subset of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS).A unified questionnaire was used to collect basic information on both pregnant women and their children.Free BPA concentration in maternal serum was determined by high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).The parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to estimate the emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.A total of 1 713 pairs of mothers and children were included in this study.Association between BPA exposure during pregnancy and the emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children was evaluated with multinomial logistic regression model.Results Prevalence rates in 1 713 preschool children appeared as:6.48％ of emotional problems,8.11％ for conduct problems,8.35％ for hyperactivity/ inattention,2.86％ for peer problems,11.38％ for prosocial behaviors and 7.94％ for total difficulties.Subjects were divided according to the degrees of exposure and the results showed as:low exposure group (≤0.120 ng/ml),medium exposure group (0.120＜BPA＜0.400 ng/ ml) and high exposure group (≥0.400 ng/ml) according to the serum BPA concentration in tertile.Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high level of maternal BPA exposure appeared a risk factor on children's abnormal conducts (OR=1.876,95％CI:1.161-3.029),more obvious in boys (OR=2.291,95％CI:1.126-4.661).Conclusion Maternal exposure to high level of BPA during pregnancy might increase the detrimental effects of abnormal conducts in their preschool children,more obviously seen in boys.
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Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of circadian rhythms in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during puberty.Methods A total of 1 070 students from Grade 2-3 in 3 primary schools in Ma'anshan city,Anhui province,were selected for physical examination and circadian rhythm of HPA axis checked from 2015 to 2017.Saliva samples were collected at each of the following three time points:immediately upon wakening,30 minutes after wakening and bedtime,with the index of circadian rhythm of HPA axis calculated,which including cortisol awake response (CAR),cortisol in puberty priming and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS).Testicular volume,palpation and visual inspection of breast development were used to assess the state of purbety development on boys and girls.Information on gender,date of birth,time to fall asleep,wake-up time and weekly physical activity were gathered through questionnaire survey.Nonparametric test was used to compare the differences of baseline,follow-up period and different adolescent developmental processes of each index on circadian rhythm of HPA axis.Results During the period of follow-up program and comparing with the continuous undeveloped group,CAR and the changes of CAR showed significantly increase,both in the puberty priming group and continuous development group,with statistically significant differences (CAR:Z=8.551,4.680,respectively;P＜0.01;the changes of CAR:Z=4.079,2.700,respectively,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences noticed in CAR and the changes of CAR between puberty priming group or continuous development group.The area under the curve (AUC) of cortisol in puberty priming group was slightly higher than that in the persistent undeveloped group (Z=2.591,P=0.010).Both the changes of daily cortisol slope (DCS) in puberty priming group and continuing developed group decreased significantly,when comparing with those in continuous undeveloped group (Z=2.450,Z=2.151;all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference noticed in the changes of cortisol in puberty priming and DCS between different puberty development stages (the changes ofAUC:x2=2.747,P=0.253;DCS:x2=4.554,P=0.032).Conclusions The indexes of circadian rhythm of HPA axis were associated with the development of puberty.Both the cortisol awakening response and the total amount of diurnal cortisol secretion showed an increase,along with the puberty development.The change of diurnal cortisol slope declined with the development of puberty.
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Objective To explore the long-term effects of maternal pregnancy bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on emotional and behavioral problems appeared in their preschool children.Methods The study sample was a subset of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS).A unified questionnaire was used to collect basic information on both pregnant women and their children.Free BPA concentration in maternal serum was determined by high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).The parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to estimate the emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.A total of 1 713 pairs of mothers and children were included in this study.Association between BPA exposure during pregnancy and the emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children was evaluated with multinomial logistic regression model.Results Prevalence rates in 1 713 preschool children appeared as:6.48％ of emotional problems,8.11％ for conduct problems,8.35％ for hyperactivity/ inattention,2.86％ for peer problems,11.38％ for prosocial behaviors and 7.94％ for total difficulties.Subjects were divided according to the degrees of exposure and the results showed as:low exposure group (≤0.120 ng/ml),medium exposure group (0.120＜BPA＜0.400 ng/ ml) and high exposure group (≥0.400 ng/ml) according to the serum BPA concentration in tertile.Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high level of maternal BPA exposure appeared a risk factor on children's abnormal conducts (OR=1.876,95％CI:1.161-3.029),more obvious in boys (OR=2.291,95％CI:1.126-4.661).Conclusion Maternal exposure to high level of BPA during pregnancy might increase the detrimental effects of abnormal conducts in their preschool children,more obviously seen in boys.
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Objective@#To analyze the association between maternal bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy and sleep problems among preschool children.@*Methods@#Research subjects were from one of the sub-cohorts(Ma'anshan Cohort) of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS) in Ma'anshan city. The basic situation of pregnant women and sleep information of preschool children were investigated. We selected preschool children whose mother's maternal serum bisphenol A concentrations of the first trimester had been already detected between December 2012 to Januray 2014. 1 259 pairs of mothers and children were included. The concentrations of bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy were divided into low, medium and high exposure groups according to 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) levels. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between maternal bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy and sleep-related problems in preschool children.@*Results@#The P50 (P25-P75) of serum bisphenol A exposure level during early pregnancy was 0.231 (0.106-0.512) ng/ml. The sleep-related problems scores of 1 259 preschool children were (16.43±3.82) points. The occasional sleep-related problems were detected about 47.8% (602 cases) and frequent sleep-related problems were detected about 18.3% (230 cases). After the adjustment of the confounding factors such as children's gender, age, BMI, sleep position (lying down, sleeping on one's back), the length of time to sleep and the length of sleep at night, in comparison with bisphenol A low exposure group, the OR (95%CI) value of preschool children with occasional sleep-related problems in maternal bisphenol A high exposure group during early pregnancy was 1.44 (1.01-2.06). After the gender stratification, the results showed that in comparison with bisphenol A low exposure group, the OR (95%CI) value of preschool girls with occasional sleep-related problems in maternal bisphenol A medium and high exposure group during early pregnancy were 1.61 (1.05-2.46) and 2.40 (1.42-4.04), respectively. The OR (95%CI) value of preschool girls with frequent sleep-related problems in maternal bisphenol A high exposure group during early pregnancy was 2.64 (1.34-5.17). However, in boys, there was no statistically significant association between maternal bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy and sleep-related problems (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy might be related to sleep-related problems in preschool children.
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Objective@#To determine the possible relations between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a biomarker of chronic stress and childhood overweight and obesity.@*Methods@#Children from grade 1 to 3 from 2 primary schools in Bengbu were invited to participate in the study; and those who suffer from mental disorders, endocrine diseases and those who took hormone drugs were excluded. Parental questionnaire was implemented to collect information on physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, sugar-beverage consumption, as well as socio-economic status. Height and weight were examined. Eligible hair samples from 1 263 children (598 boys and 665 girls) were obtained, and the cortisol content was determined. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis was recruited to examine the association between HCC quartiles and overweight and obesity among boys and girls, respectively.@*Results@#HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among girls and boys was separately 11.86 (10.57-13.15) and 11.71 (10.54-13.09) µg/kg (Z=-0.886, P=0.376); HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among non-overweight, overweight and obesity boys was separately 11.62 (10.45-12.82), 12.24 (10.88-13.55) and 12.30 (10.99-13.53) µg/kg (χ2=8.24, P=0.016); HCC in P50 (P25-P75) among non-overweight, overweight and obesity girls was separately 11.35 (10.06-12.62), 12.07 (11.04-13.21) and 12.59 (11.12-13.63) µg/kg (χ2=36.16, P<0.001). After age, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, sugared beverages and socio-economic status adjusted, compared with HCC in Q1 level, girls whose HCC in Q2, Q3 Q4 level had higher rates in overweight, with OR (95%CI) at 1.10 (1.04-3.32), 2.59 (1.51-4.45) and 3.16 (1.79-5.57), respectively. Girls with HCC in Q3 and Q4 level had higher rates in obesity, with OR (95%CI) at 2.22 (1.16-4.26) and 5.62 (3.04-10.41). Among boys, highest quartiles in HCC was risk factor for overweight, OR (95%CI) was 2.14 (1.18-3.90).@*Conclusion@#Hair cortisol had a significant relation with overweight and obesity in 6-9 years old childhood especially among girls.
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Objective@#To determine possible relations between early adiposity rebound and adolescent development.@*Methods@#Prospective children cohort from 2 kindergartens selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Anhui Province was established since Sep. 2010. Participants were classified as Cohort 1 (2010), Cohort 2 (2011) and Cohort 3 (2012) according to the recruiting year. Till Sep. 2015, a toal of 802 girls were included in this study, and received follow-up till primary school. During kindergarten period, physical examination was carried out every 3 months, 8 times in total. In primary school, physical examination was carried out annually; till Sep.2015, the cohort 1, 2, 3 took physical examination for 12, 11, 10 times, respectively. Information on household economic status and child physical activity was acquired through parents questionnaire survey, and breast development were assessed through visual inspection and palpation. Adiposity rebound was determined according to Rolland-Cachera's method for each girl. Differences between early adiposity rebound and normal adiposity rebound groups were compared by using t test and χ2 test. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to explore the association between early adiposity rebound and breast development.@*Results@#The average age of participants was (8.90±0.87) years old and the BMI was (17.48±2.70) kg/m2. The average age at adiposity rebound was (6.16±0.90) years old and the BMI was (15.33±1.82) kg/m2. Premature breast development was found significantly higher in girls in early adiposity rebound group (27.8%, 54/802) than it in normal adiposity rebound group (13.7%) (P<0.001). After current adiposity, age, household economic status, childhood physical activity adjusted, the OR of premature beast development in early adiposity rebound group was 2.41(95%CI: 1.41-4.12).@*Conclusion@#Early adiposity rebound increases the risk of premature puberty in girls.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between traditional bullying, cyberbullying and depression in adolescents, with the involvement frequency and different roles considered.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 5 726 middle school students in three cities of Anhui province in December 2013. Those students were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire of adolescent health-related behaviors in Anhui province. Self-reports on the general demographic information, physical, verbal, relational bullying and cyberbullying involvement and depression were collected. Additionally, the items assessing depression were based on Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The chi-square test used to compare prevalent rates of bullying involvement and depression in different groups of students with different demographic features. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to explore the relationships between all four types of bullying and depression, after controlling confounders.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We got a final effective sample of 5 726 student. The response rate was 99.4% in this study. Among 5 726 adolescents, the prevalence rates of bullying in the last two months were 23.4% (1 339/5 726) physically, 55.0% (3 147/5 726) verbally, 34.2% (1 958/5 726) socially, and 8.9% (512/5 726) electronically. The prevalence rate of depression was 64.8% (3 711/5 726). The detection rate was higher in participants who involved in physical, verbal, relational, and cyber bullying than those who not involved in bullying. After controlling the confounding factors, the different frequency and role of verbal and relational bullying were risk factors of depression (OR = 1.42-3.71, all P values < 0.001). As for physical bullying, except for occasional bully-victims (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.79-1.49), others were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students. (OR = 1.40-7.84, all P values < 0.001). Frequent involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students (OR = 2.30-4.55, all P values < 0.001), but occasional involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were not the risk factors of adolescents' depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI:0.97-1.99; OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 0.88-2.82; OR = 1.50, 95% CI:0.82-2.74).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Involvement in physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying were risk factors for depression among adolescent students.</p>
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Adolescente , Humanos , Acoso Escolar , Depresión , Internet , Modelos Logísticos , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudiantes , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Based on our long-time teaching practice,we tried to explore some measures of the teaching innovation about maternal and child health care,in terms of the innovation of course system,the compiling of teaching materials and the updating of teaching methods and skills.Through the discussion,we aimed to enhance our students' integrated qualities,cultivate and bring up more and more capable medical students of new-pattern fit for the social demands.
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0.05).Conclusions: The participational and interconvertible short-term mental coping training can reduce mental symptom of those children of parents with HIV or AIDS .