Age-related change in mitochondrial DNA copy number and its correlation with intrinsic capacity and body composition / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood relative mitochondrial DNA copy number(mtDNAcn)with intrinsic capacity and body composition, and to identify potential biomarkers for healthy aging.Methods:Clinical data of 416 patients admitted to our hospital from September 2019 to June 2021 were consecutively collected.MtDNA was extracted from peripheral blood of these subjects, and mtDNAcn was determined by a real-time fluoresence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). Intrinsic capacity assessment included 5 aspects that were exercise[Morse Fall Scale(MFS), Physiological Frailty Phenotype(PFP), Sarcopenia Questionnaire(SARC-CALF), Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB), Time Up and Go Test(TUG)]; vitality[Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA), Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)]; cognition[Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scale]; psychology[Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)]; sensory capacities[Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-the Comorbidity Index(CIRS-CI)]. To assess body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body fat, including trunk fat, total body fat, fat in the abdominal region, fat in the buttock region, and then to calculate fat index(FMI)and limb skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI).Results:Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn had a negatively correlation with age( r=-0.176, P<0.05). After adjustment for gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn were still negatively correlated with age( r=-0.144, P<0.05). Furthermore, mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with 4 m gait speed, the scores of SARC-CalF, MFS, MNA, MMSE, MPI and its sub-scale's Activities of Daily Living(ADL)and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire(SPMSQ)( r=0.171, -0.207, -0.163, 0.221, 0.184, -0.210, 0.241, -0.269, all P<0.05). After adjustment for age, gender and body mass index, partial correlation analysis showed mtDNAcn still had a significant correlation with gait speed, the scores of MFS, MNA, MPI and SPMSQ( r=0.170, -0.170, 0.148, -0.242, -0.188, all P<0.05). In addition, the Spearman correlation analysis showed that mtDNAcn was positively correlated with FMI, trunk fat, total body fat, abdominal fat and fat in the buttock region( r=0.168, 0.143, 0.175, 0.116, 0.199, all P<0.05). However, after adjustment for age and gender, mtDNAcn was only correlated with FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region( r=0.126, 0.131, 0.127, all P<0.05). On the other hand, multiple linear regression analysis showed that mtDNAcn was significantly correlated with age, gait speed, FMI, total body fat, fat in the buttock region, the scores of MFS, PFP, MNA and MPI( β=-0.191, 0.156, 0.126, 0.131, 0.125, -0.119, -0.145, 0.151, -0.171, all P<0.05). Conclusions:MtDNAcn is correlated with physical function, frailty, nutrition, falling, cognition and body composition, and may be considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of the locomotion and vitality of human intrinsic capacity.

Research progress on roles of ultraviolet irradiation in diseases / 环境与职业医学

The electromagnetic spectrum emitted by the sun includes visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet (UV). Among them, UV is one of the hotspots of research. Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of UV on the skin because UV is one of the causes of skin damage. The physiological effects of UV on the skin are well understood, but its impacts on other organs of the body and other human diseases are unclear yet. This review pointed to the benefits of UV exposure in reducing weight gain, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, UV exposure may be helpful in reducing the incidence of diseases such as diabetes and colitis. UV may also play a role in inhibiting the development of myopia and depression. These findings provide new ideas for applying UV in the treatment of human diseases in the future. This paper reviewed the impacts of UV exposure on human non-skin diseases and explored the possibility of damage of acute UV exposure to organs, not only at the skin level, clarified the benefits and harms of UV for human body, and provided theoretical reference and research directions for deep UV exploitation and UV dose control.

Study on the mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides on the regulation of gluconeogenesis in liver of type 2 diabetic mellitus model rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Poria cocos polysaccharides on the regulation of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）model rats by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/forked box transcription factor O 1（FoxO1）pathway. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group （no modeling ，no administration），model group （modeling，no administration ），metformin group （modeling，200 mg/kg）and P. cocos polysaccharide low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups （modeling，100，200，400 mg/kg），8 in each group. Except for blank control group ， other groups were given high fat diet combined with streptozotocin to construct the model of T 2DM rats. At the same time ， administration groups were given relevant dose of medicine intragastrically ，and blank control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 42 days. During the experiment ，general condition and bodyweight of rats were observed every day ；fasting blood glucose （FBG）of rats were collected ，and oral glucose tolerance test were conducted and area under curve （AUC）was calculated the day before last administration. After last medication ，the heart ，liver， kidney organ index were calculated ；the levels of HbA 1c，TC，TG，MDA，SOD，GSH-Px and hepatic glycogen content were detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver and pancreatic tissue ，and the pathological grade score was calculated. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of p-PI 3K，p-Akt，p-FoxO1， PEPCK and G 6Pase in liver tissues. RESULTS Compared with blank control group ，the rats of model group suffered cc1965@163.com from polydipsia ，polyphagia and polyuria ；the body weight ， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px ，the protein expressions of p-PI 3K，p-Akt and p-FoxO 1 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；liver and kidney organ index ，blood glucose level at 0，0.5 and 2 hours after intragastric administration of glucose solution ，AUC， FBG，HbA1c，serum levels of MDA ，TC，TG and hepatic glycogen content ，liver and pancreatic pathological grade score ，the protein expressions of PEPCK and G 6Pase were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，the general condition of rats in P. cocos polysaccharide groups were all improved ，and all of above indicators had been reversed to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS P. cocos polysaccharide can downregulate protein expressions of PEPCK and G 6Pase which are key enzymes of gluconeogenesis ，inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis ，effectively decrease blood glucose levels and regulate glucolipid metabolism in T 2DM model rats by weakening oxidative stress and upregulating PI 3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.

Analysis of SLC35A2 gene variant in a child with congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIm / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and SLC35A2 variant of a case of congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIm (CDG-IIm), and to identify the possible causes of the disease.@*METHODS@#Trio-whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to analyze the gene variant of the children and their parents. The suspicious gene variants were screened for Sanger verification and the bioinformatics prediction was used to analyze the hazard of variant.@*RESULTS@#The clinical manifestations of the child were epilepsy, global growth retardation, nystagmus, myocarditis and other symptoms. MRI showed brain dysplasia such as wide frontal temporal sulcus and subarachnoid space on both sides. Echocardiography showed left ventricular wall thickening and patent foramen ovale. According to the results of gene detection, there was a heterozygous missense variant c.335C>A (p.Thr112Lys) in SLC35A2 gene. The parents were wild-type at this locus, which was a de novo variant. At the same time, there was no report of this variant in the relevant literature, which was a novel variant in SLC35A2 gene. According to the genetic variant guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, SLC35A2 gene c.335C>A (p.Thr112Lys) variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PS2+PM2+PP3).@*CONCLUSION@#The variant of SLC35A2 gene c.335C>A(p.Thr112Lys) may be the cause of the disease in the child.

The correlation of age-related mitochondrial respiratory function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation of mitochondrial respiration function and oxidative phosphorylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)with grip strength and muscle mass in the elderly, and to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.Methods:A total of 65 patients admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled in this study.PBMCs were extracted from subjects.Mitochondrial oxidative respiration function was assessed via the Seahorse XF24 analyzer.Grip strength was measured using a hydraulic dynamometer, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM)was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA). Multivariate analysis was conducted by using partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression, in order to evaluate the correlation of mitochondrial oxidative respiration function with grip strength and ASM.Results:After adjustment for gender and body mass index(BMI), partial correlation analysis showed that grip strength and ASM had a negative correlation with age( r=-0.537 and -0.390, both P<0.001); and basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production and spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria in PBMCs were negatively correlated with age( r=-0.558, -0.614, -0.526 and -0.582, all P<0.001), whereas grip strength and ASM were positively correlated with basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak of mitochondria in PBMCs(grip strength: r=0.414, 0.451, 0.362, 0.420 and 0.425, P=0.002, 0.001, 0.008, 0.002 and 0.002; ASM: r=0.319, 0.368, 0.299, 0.352 and 0.279, P=0.019, 0.006, 0.028, 0.009 and 0.041). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that grip strength and ASM were positively correlated with basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak of mitochondria in PBMCs(grip: β=0.503, 0.548, 0.452, 0.519 and 0.532, t=3.248, 3.604, 2.774, 3.301 and 3.350, P=0.002, 0.001, 0.008, 0.002 and 0.002; ASM: β=0.302, 0.355, 0.289, 0.346 and 0.271, t=2.427, 2.856, 2.263, 2.716 and 2.091, P=0.019, 0.006, 0.028, 0.009 and 0.041). Age was negatively correlated with basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production and spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria in PBMCs( β=-0.581, -0.654, -0.558 and -0.640, t=-4.285, -5.157, -3.938 and -4.863, all P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ASM and grip strength had no significant correlation with basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity or proton leak of mitochondria in PBMCs. Conclusions:Age-related mitochondrial oxidative respiration in PBMCs can reflect changes in muscle strength and muscle mass and, combined with grip strength and ASM, may be considered as a biomarker for the evaluation of sarcopenia in the elderly.

Correlation analysis between the test times for dual-task timed up-and-go test and geriatric depression risk in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between depression risk and the test time for dual-task timed up-and-go(TUG)test in the elderly.Methods:A total of 193 elderly volunteers aged 60 years and over who lived in the Nanjing community of Jiangsu Province were recruited.The Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)was used to screen for geriatric depression.The single-task TUG(TUG-single), TUG with additional operational tasks(TUG-manual)and TUG with additional cognitive tasks(TUG-cognitive)were tested in all subjects.The differences in test times taken to complete TUG-single, TUG-manual and TUG-cognitive tests were analyzed by ANOVA.The correlation of GDS scores with test time for TUG-single, TUG-manual, TUG-cognitive was analyzed by using Pearson's correlation.Results:The average test times for TUG-cognitive and TUG-manual tests were longer than that for TUG-single test( P<0.0001). The higher the GDS score, the longer the TUG-single test time, with a significantly positive correlation between GDS and the test time for TUG-single( r=0.2261, P=0.0016). Similarly, GDS score showed significantly positive correlations with the test time for TUG-manual( r=0.2359, P=0.0010)and the TUG-cognitive test time( r=0.1946, P=0.0067). Conclusions:The increase of depression risk is significantly and positively correlated with the prolongation of the TUG test time in the elderly.The TUG test can be used to assess the functional mobility in elderly patients with depression.

SeqSQC: A Bioconductor Package for Evaluating the Sample Quality of Next-generation Sequencing Data / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

As next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become widely used to identify genetic causal variants for various diseases and traits, a number of packages for checking NGS data quality have sprung up in public domains. In addition to the quality of sequencing data, sample quality issues, such as gender mismatch, abnormal inbreeding coefficient, cryptic relatedness, and population outliers, can also have fundamental impact on downstream analysis. However, there is a lack of tools specialized in identifying problematic samples from NGS data, often due to the limitation of sample size and variant counts. We developed SeqSQC, a Bioconductor package, to automate and accelerate sample cleaning in NGS data of any scale. SeqSQC is designed for efficient data storage and access, and equipped with interactive plots for intuitive data visualization to expedite the identification of problematic samples. SeqSQC is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/SeqSQC.

The change trend of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers after autologous orthotopic liver transplantation of rat / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the pathological changes of lung, expression of the relevant inflammatory factors and oxidative stress markers of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats undergoing autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT). Methods Thirty SD rats were randomized into sham group and AOLT group. The pathological changes of lung, expression of the relevant inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers were detected . Results ( 1 ) Compared with the sham group , the pathological scores of lung tissue in AOLT group increased significantly and reached its peak at 8 h after surgery. Then the pathological scores decreased to the level of sham within 24 h to 48 h after surgery; (2)The relative expression of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 increased significantly and reached its peak at 8 h after surgery in AOLT group. Then decreased to the level of sham group within 24 h to 48 h after surgery; (3)The change trends of MDA and H2O2 were similar to inflammatory mediators.The relative SOD expression decreased significantly and touched the nadir at 8h after surgery and then increased. Conclusion The pathological changes of lung expression, the relevant inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers of rats underwent AOLT were consistent.

Simultaneous determination of five active components in resina draconis and its extract by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of contents of loureirin A, loureirin B, 7,4'-dihydroxy flavone, pterostilbene and resveratrol in resina draconis and its extracts.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kromasil 100-5C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% glacial acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature at 40 degrees C. The detective wave length of loureirin A and B was detected at 278 nm, and 7,4'-dihydroxy flavone, pterostilbene and resveratrol was at 319 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the five active components reached the resolved peaks within 40 min, indicating a good linearity (r > or = 0.999 7). The average recoveries of loureirin A, loureirin B, 7,4'-dihydroxy flavone, pterostilbene and resveratrol in resina draconis were 102.9%, 96.81%, 97.29%, 100.7% and 103.7%, with RSDs of 0.23%, 1.5%, 0.42%, 0.58% and 0.34%, respectively. The average recoveries of loureirin A, loureirin B, 7,4'-dihydroxy flavone, pterostilbene and resveratrol in extract of resina draconis were 102. 2% , 96. 93%, 97. 90% , 102.0% and 103.3%, with RSDs of 1.7%, 0.91%, 1.4%, 1.5% and 1.2%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is so easy, accurate, highly repeatable and stable that it provides good reference for the quality control of resina draconis and its extracts.</p>

Therapeutic management of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation / 国际外科学杂志

The recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) has a major impact on outcome, while the guide of treatment of it is lacked until now. so this review will attempt to sum-marize how best to manage recurrent HCC after LT in detail.

Effect of Jingujian Granule on 129 Primary Osteoporosis Cases / 中医杂志

Objective To observe the effect of Jingujian Granule (Granule for strengthening the bones) No.1,2,and 3 on primary osteoporosis in the TCM syndromes of liver-kidney deficiency,both spleen and kidney deficiency,and spleen and kidney deficiency accompanied with blood stasis,and the influence on the bone metabolism indices.Methods Totally 210 primary osteoporosis cases were differentiated according to the TCM differentiation and administered Jingujian Granule No.1,2,3 or Caltrate D accordingly.The observation was carried out for 3 months on the improvement of clinical symptoms,changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism indices,and safety indices.Results The total effective rate of Jingujian Granule No.1,2,and 3 was 89.92%,while that of Caltrate D was 33.3% (P