Lyciumbarbarum polysaccharides ameliorate canine acute liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, protecting mitochondrial function, and regulating metabolic pathways / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The development of acute liver injury can result in liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer, yet there is currently no effective therapy for it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and therapeutic mechanism of Lyciumbarbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). To create a model of acute liver injury, experimental canines received an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg of CCl4 solution. The experimental canines in the therapy group were then fed LBPs (20 mg/kg). CCl4-induced liver structural damage, excessive fibrosis, and reduced mitochondrial density were all improved by LBPs, according to microstructure data. By suppressing Kelch-like epichlorohydrin (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1), promoting the production of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and phase II detoxification genes and proteins downstream of Nrf2, and restoring the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), LBPs can restore and increase the antioxidant capacity of liver. To lessen mitochondrial damage, LBPs can also enhance mitochondrial respiration, raise tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and reactivate the respiratory chain complexes I‒V. According to serum metabolomics, the therapeutic impact of LBPs on acute liver damage is accomplished mostly by controlling the pathways to lipid metabolism. 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC/LPC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) may be potential indicators of acute liver injury. This study confirmed that LBPs, an effective hepatoprotective drug, may cure acute liver injury by lowering oxidative stress, repairing mitochondrial damage, and regulating metabolic pathways.

Construction and practice of undergraduate training mode for clinical pharmacy specialty based on outcome-based education / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To introduce the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy based on the concept of outcome-based education （OBE），and to provide new idea and enlightenment for the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy in Chinese universities. METHODS Through the establishment and construction of training objectives and graduation requirements ，teaching reform was designed and implemented ，and the construction of teaching support system and teaching quality assurance system were completed. RESULTS The clinical pharmacy department of our university established the training direction of clinical pharmacy talents under the guidance of post competence ，including clarifying the training needs of undergraduate talents based on the overall requirements of national undergraduate education ；defining the social and industrial needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the normative documents or concepts of clinical pharmacy ；clarifying the post and ability needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the investigation of graduates and clinical pharmacists ；clarifying the development needs of clinical pharmacy based on the current situation and trends at home and abroad ；forming characteristic training objectives combined with the regional characteristics and school positioning ， so as to construct training objectives and graduation requirements. The OBE concept was introduced into the undergraduate teaching reform of clinical pharmacy ；the pharmacy talent training direction were established under the guidance of post competence ；the training system was designed by reverse design method；a training mode of both innovation and practical ability was built so as to promote teaching reform ，strengthen the construction of grass-roots teaching organizations and teaching staff ， and improve the construction of teaching quality assurance system. CONCLUSIONS The undergraduate training mode of clinical pharmacy specialty based on the concept of OBE is helpful to improve students ’personal comprehensive quality and professional knowledge and skills. The established undergraduate training model of clinical pharmacy specialty is in line with the modern educational concept and social needs ，and provides theoretical basis and practical experience for the training mode of clinical pharmacy professionals.

Screening the Preparation Process of 3,4,3″-trihydroxy p-terphenyl Nanosuspension / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To screen the preparation process of 3,4,3″-trihydroxy p-terphenyl nanosuspension. Methods The nanosuspension was prepared in combination with the nanoprecipitation and microfluidization method. Taken the particle size for indicator, we investigated the stirring speed and precipitation temperature in the nanoprecipitation process, the homogeneous stress and cycles in the microfluidic process through single factor experiment. In addition, by factorial design, the variety and dosage of stabilizers are investigated. Results The excellent preparation condition of the nanosuspension are as follows: 0 ℃ for the precipitation temperature, 900 rpm for the stirring speed, 1600 bar for the microfluidization pressure and 12 times for cycles. The ingredient ratio for drug: poloxamer 188: lecithin is 1: 0.8: 0.8. Conclusion Through optimizing the preparation technology, we have successfully prepared nanosuspension with lower size , which will lay a foundation for further study.

Clinical efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin versus levofloxacin plus metronidazole for community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration factors / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infectious disease throughout the world and the incidence continues to grow as the population ages. Aspiration is an important pathogenic mechanism for pneumonia in the elderly and the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration factors is a major medical problem. Our study aimed to assess whether moxifloxacin in comparison to levofloxacin plus metronidazole are effective and safe in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 77 patients with mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration factors were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive moxifloxacin or levofloxacin plus metronidazole. The primary efficacy variables were clinical outcomes in evaluable patients at a follow-up visit 7 to 14 days after the end of therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven days after the end of therapy a clinical cure was achieved for 76.7% (23 of 37) of efficacy-evaluable patients in the moxifloxacin group and 51.7% (15 of 40) of patients in the levofloxacin plus metronidazole group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 4.002, P < 0.05). Bacteriological success rates were similar in the moxifloxacin group (93.3%) and levofloxacin plus metronidazole group (96.4%), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The overall adverse event rate was 10.8% (4/37) in the moxifloxacin group versus 17.5% (7/40) in the levofloxacin plus metronidazole group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Moxifloxacin is effective and safe for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with aspiration factors. And the regimen of moxifloxacin monotherapy is more convenient compared with levofloxacin plus metronidazole.</p>

The attitudes towards interprofessional learning between nursing students and medical students / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate and analyze the attitudes towards interprofessional learning among nursing students and medical students,and thereby provide basis for interprofessional education (IPE).Methods Readiness of Interprofessional Learning Scales (RIPLS) were used to investigate 107 nursing students in the third grade and 80 medical students in the fourth grade.A comparison analysis of interprofessional learning was carried out among nursing students and medical students.Results Nursing and medical students' mean scores of RIPLS were (4.48±0.42) and (4.27±0.36),respectively.Nursing students' scores of RIPLS and professional identity were significantly higher than those of medical students.Conclusions Nursing students in the third grade and medical students in the fourth grade both have a positive attitude towards interprofessional learning,so IPE is expected to carry out at these stages to achieve good teaching effect.Meanwhile,for the medical students,it may be appropriate to increase the proportion of humanities and social science courses,increase opportunities to participate in clinical practice,in order to facilitate the improvement and development of their professional identity and interdisciplinary learning attitude,and better implementation of IPE.

Research on mechanism of energy metabolism disorders of rat's hepatoxicity induced by saikosaponins / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of saikosaponins on function of rats' liver mitochondria, its liver damage mechanism was discussed.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Administrating alcohol eluent of saikosaponins of different dose for 15 days to rats, and the high, middle and low lose-group are separately 300, 150, 50 mg x kg(-1) caculated by total saikosaponins. The liver index in serum, the respiratory function of liver mitochondria,the content of ATP and the activity of ATP enzyme were detected. The weight of heart, liver, spleen, lung, renal of rats were precisionly weighed, and the ratio of organ to body were calculated. The histopathologic examination of hepatic tissue were examined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Alcohol eluent of saikosaponins of different dose can induce apparent decrease of PCR, P/O value, respiratory oxygen consumption and the activity of ATP enzyme; the level of ALT, AST and ALB in serum increased; the liver weight and the ratio of liver to body increaseed, and the hepatic tissue damage is obvious in the histopathologic examination of hepatic tissue. The above-mentioned changes gradually aggravates with dose increasing, and it is obviously discrepancy compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Alcohol eluent of saikosaponins can induce liver damage by restraining the respiratory function of mitochondria and effecting liver's energy metabolism. Other hepatoxicity mechanism still need to be discussed.</p>

Effect of Ginger Fruit and Vegetable Beverage in Anti-fatigue / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study effect of anti-fatigue of a ginger fruit and vegetable beverage. Methods The blood lactic acid (LAC), malondialdehyde (MAD) and BUN of the mice were determined after loading swimming, hypoxia endurance experiments to observe anti-fatigue effect.Results The beverage can enhance the body's aerobic metabolism and reduce the blood LAC, MDA and BUN. Conclusion The ginger fruit and vegetable beverage has anti-fatigue effect.

Studies on preparation of isosorbide-5-mononitrate pulsatile controlled-release pellets and various influence factors / 生物医学工程学杂志

We prepared the isosorbide-5-mononitrate pulsatile controlled-release pellets (PCRP) and studied the influencing factors in vitro. The isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization technology were coated with swelling material as the inner coating swelling layer, and with ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion as the outer coating controlled layer. The influences of the coating materials of the swelling layer, the coating levels of the swelling layer and controlled layer,and the pH values of the media on the release of 5-ISMN from PCRP were investigated. The drug release from the pellets was pulsatile. The ISMN-5-PCRP, with a lag time of 5 h and more than 80% released within the following 1.5 h,were prepared by using the low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose as the inner swelling layer with 15% (weight) in coating thickness, and the ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion as the outer controlling layer with 13% (weight) in coating thickness.

The factors influencing metoprolol succinate release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablet / 生物医学工程学杂志

The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablet containing metoprolol succinate (MS) as a model drug was obtained by wet method compression tablet. The effects of the amount and viscosity of HPMC, the preparation method, compressing pressure, the amount of ethycellulose (EC), the pH of dissolution medium and the speed of basket rotation on the drug release from the matrix tablets were evaluated. The results showed that the release rate of metoprolol succinate from HPMC matrix tablets followed Higuchi equation. The release mechanism was in line with the synthetical effect of diffusion and corrosion. Drug release was influenced by the amount and viscosity of HPMC, the amount of EC in matrices, the preparation method and compressing pressure, etc. Drug release was not influenced by the pH of dissolution medium used, and not by the speed of basket rotation, either.

Analysis of Clinical cases of Children Mycoplasma Pneumonia complicated with Cardiac Damage / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical cases of children mycoplasma pneumonia (CMP) complicated by cardiac damage. Methods Eighten cases of CMP (MP group) and eighten children without CMP (NMP group) were selected to do electrocardiogram (ECG) and to evaluate serum myocardium zymogram. Results Compared with NMP group, MP group showed high incidence rate of abnormal electrocardiographic pattern, suach as ST - T change, sinus tachycardia, premature beat and high serum level of LDH,CK - MB,HBDH. Both presented statistical difference. Conclusion CMP easily causes cardiac damage of children.