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We studied two types of formative assessment: recall type, andproblem-based questions, with summative scores and previousgrades in 77 fourth-year medical students. We found that theformative scores did not correlate well with the summativescores, but were associated with the Grade point average in thepreclinical period
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Abstract Relationship between Enzyme Alanine Aminotransferase Level and Liver Histology in Chronic Hepatitis B Supatsri Sethasine MD* Somnuek Jesdapatarakul MD** Busaba Supawattanabodee MSc (biostatistics)*** * Department of medicine, BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital ** Department of pathology, BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital ***Clinical Epidemiology Unit, BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital Objective: To study the relationship between enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and liver histology in chronic hepatitis B patient (CHB). Study design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 38 adult patients underwent percutaneous liver biopsy during January to December 2006 at liver clinic, BMA Medical College and Vajira Hospital were enrolled. Methods: Clinical and histological data were assessed from medical record and pathological report. Main outcome measures: Histological activity index score, portal inflammatory score, fibrotic score and level of enzyme ALT. Results: From 38 patients, 21 patients (55.3%) had ALT level of 3-5 times above the upper normal limit (ULN) and 5 patients (13.2%) had ALT level more than 5 time of the upper normal limit. 60% of patients had portal inflammation score ≥ 3 and 21% of patients had fibrosis score ≥ 3. Portal inflammatory score was increased according to increase level of ALT significantly (p-value \< 0.05). The study revealed that portal inflammatory score in CHB with fibrosis score ≥ 3 was significantly higher than non-fibrotic CHB (2.75 vs 1.64, p-value \< 0.05). ALT level and HBV DNA level between CHB with fibrosis score ≥ 3 and non-fibrotic CHB were not different (127 U/L vs 112 U/L), (1.1 x 106 cp/ml vs 1.2 x 106 cp/ml) (p-value \> 0.05). Conclusion: The level of alanine aminotransferase enzyme related well with the degree of portal necro-inflammatory score but did not relate with the degree of fibrosis. Vajira Med J 2007 ; 51 : 9- 17