Effect of Agaricus blazei Murill on exploratory behavior of mice-model

Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).

Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).

Effect of Agaricus blazei Murill on exploratory behavior of mice-model / Efeito de Agaricus blazei Murill no comportamento exploratório de modelo de camundongo

Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).

Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados ​​para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).

Impact of Aging on Urinary Natriuretic Peptides in Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#The pathophysiology of nocturia and nocturnal polyuria (NP), conditions that become more prevalent with aging, may in part be explained by changes in hormones involved in water homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of aging on urinary natriuretic peptides in nocturia and NP. @*Methods@#Patients aged ≥18 years completed 24-hour bladder diaries for assessment of nocturia and NP. They were divided into subgroups of ≥65 years old and <65 years old. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and NT-proCNP) levels. Peptide levels were compared between patients with and without nocturia/NP and within age subgroups; correlation to the NP index (NPi) was determined. @*Results@#Compared to patients without nocturia (N=15), patients with nocturia (N=36) had higher median levels of urinary NT-proANP (15.8 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 10.9 pmol/mmol Cr, P=0.016) and NT-proBNP (6.3 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 4.5 pmol/mmol Cr, P=0.021), but showed no differences in NT-proCNP (2.4 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 2.5 pmol/mmol Cr, P=0.967). Patients ≥65 years old with nocturia had higher NT-proANP (29.8 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 11.0 pmol/mmol Cr, P<0.001) and NT-proBNP (9.6 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 5.0 pmol/mmol Cr, P<0.001) than patients <65 years old. Additionally, patients with NP (N=30) showed higher urinary NT-proANP (19.6 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 10.5 pmol/mmol Cr, P<0.001) and NT-proBNP (6.7 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 4.7 pmol/mmol Cr, P=0.020) compared to patients without NP (N=21). NP patients ≥65 years had higher NT-proANP (29.8 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 12.5 pmol/mmol Cr, P<0.001) and NT-proBNP (9.6 pmol/mmol Cr vs. 4.4 pmol/mmol Cr, P=0.004) than patients <65 years old. NPi positively correlated with urinary NT-proANP (RS=0.417, P=0.002) and NT-proBNP (RS=0.303, P=0.031), but not with NT-proCNP (RS=-0.094, P=0.510). @*Conclusions@#Since urinary NT-proANP and NT-proBNP were greater in aged patients with nocturia and NP, natriuretic peptides may contribute to the pathophysiology of these conditions and further research should aim to explore them as targets for management.

Nocturnal Urine Production in Women With Global Polyuria / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#Low nocturnal urine production (NUP) may be sufficient to rule out global polyuria (GP) in men. This study determines the sensitivity of indices for nocturnal polyuria (NP), defined as nocturnal polyuria index (NPi; nocturnal urine volume/24-hour urine volume) ≥0.33 or NUP ≥90 mL/hr, for detecting GP in women. @*Methods@#Data were analyzed from 2 prospective protocols involving subjects recruited from a urology ambulatory care unit and a continence clinic. Women ≥18 years with nocturia were included if they met either of 2 common criteria for GP: (1) ≥40 mL/kg/24 hr or (2) ≥3,000 mL/24 hr. @*Results@#Thirty-one women were included (NPi, 28.6 [21.3–40.7]; NUP, 100.8 [68.3–135.8] mL/hr). At the ≥40 mL/kg/24-hr cutoff, 40% and 63% of women reporting ≥1 nocturnal void(s) (n=30) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. Additionally, 53% and 71% of subjects reporting ≥2 nocturnal voids (n=17) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. At the ≥3,000 mL/24-hr cutoff, 38% and 69% of women reporting ≥1 nocturnal void(s) (n=13) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively, and 63% and 88% of subjects reporting ≥2 nocturnal voids (n=8) had NPi ≥0.33 and NUP ≥90 mL/hr, respectively. By extension, 37%–62% of women with nocturia and GP did not have NP by NPi ≥0.33 criteria, and 12%–37% did not have NP by NUP ≥90 mL/hr criteria. @*Conclusions@#Indices of excess nighttime urination do not reliably predict GP in women. A full-length voiding diary may be particularly important in the evaluation of women with nocturia. Nocturia in women merits further consideration as a distinct entity.

Assessing the Effectiveness of House-to-House Visits on Routine Oral Polio Immunization Completion and Tracking of Defaulters.

Strengthening routine immunization is one of the four prongs of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Using data collected through 30-cluster sample household surveys of caretakers of children aged 12-23 months, this paper assessed the effectiveness of house-to-house visits on routine oral polio immunization completion, using simple frequency tables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Logistic regression results demonstrated that children in households where the caregivers reported receiving a household visit by health workers were more likely to be fully immunized for polio through routine immunization than other children, although results were significant only after correcting for confounders. In Ethiopia and India, children of caregivers who remembered a house-to-house visit were significantly and positively associated with routine polio vaccination completion (OR=2.2 and OR=2.2 respectively). In Angola, the association was positive, though not significant (OR=1.3). The evidence suggests that targeting high-risk areas for house-to-house visits played a role in increasing routine polio vaccination.

Bullous pilomatricoma: A stage in transition to secondary anetoderma.

Pilomatricoma is an uncommon hamartomatous tumor of the hair matrix. Bullous and anetodermic changes over pilomatricoma are rare. We report an 18-year-old male with an asymptomatic nodule with overlying cystic changes on the left arm of 6-month duration with clinical and histological features of both bullous and anetodermic modifications. We also reviewed the associated literature to conclude that there is sufficient overlap in these two entities. Both variants show a bullous or pseudobullous appearance clinically and loss of elastin, sparse collagen bundles separated by intense edema, and dilated lymphatics/blood vessels in the dermis overlying the tumor mass histologically. We therefore propose that bullous, pseudoampullary, anetodermic, and lymphangiectatic forms should be considered as synonymous or transitional to the ultimate scar-like anetodermic appearance.

Comparison of frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in current or former tobacco smokers having ischaemic heart disease.

Background and Objectives. This study compares the frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers suffering from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and analyses the association of COPD severity with status, type and duration of smoking. Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study conducted in current and former cigarette, hookah and combined cigarette and hookah smokers with IHD to detect previously undiagnosed COPD through spirometry. Results. Among 124 males with IHD, majority [74 (59.7%)] were former smokers and were in the age ranged between 42 to 78 years. All had dyspnoea up to grade 4 and 64 (51.6%) also reported chronic cough and sputum production. According to type of smoking, 64 (51.6%) smoked cigarettes, 30 (24.2%) smoked hookah and 30 (24.2%) smoked both hookah and cigarettes. Forty-seven (37.9%) were found to have COPD, 24 (37.5%) among cigarette smokers, 12 (40%) among hookah smokers, while 11 (36.7%) were from cigarette and hookah smokers. Duration of smoking, its type and magnitude had no association with severity of COPD. Conclusions. The frequency of undiagnosed COPD is high in smokers with IHD. Hookah and combined hookah and cigarette smokers are almost as susceptible to develop COPD as are cigarette smokers.

Use of Family Care Indicators and Their Relationship with Child Development in Bangladesh.

Poor stimulation in the home is one of the main factors affecting the development of children living in poverty. The family care indicators (FCIs) were developed to measure home stimulation in large populations and were derived from the Home Observations for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). The FCIs were piloted with 801 rural Bangladeshi mothers of children aged 18 months. Five subscales were created: ‘play activities’ (PA), ‘varieties of play materials’ (VP), ‘sources of play materials’, ‘household books’, and ‘magazines and newspapers’ (MN). All subscales had acceptable short-term reliability. Mental and motor development of the children was assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and their language expression and comprehension by mothers’ report. After controlling for socioeconomic variables, VP and PA independently predicted four and three of the developmental outcomes respectively, and MN predicted both the Bayley scores. The FCI is promising as a survey-based indicator of the quality of children’s home environment.

Health Human Resource planning in Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean States a matter of sustainability / Planificación de los Recursos Humanos en Salud en Barbados y los estados del Caribe Oriental un problema de sostenibilidad

Health and Human Resources (HHR) are very important issues to be considered in healthcare services. While various factors may be of greater significance in one area depending on resources, priorities and stage of economic development, a robust HHR plan is important in all cases. There are many factors such as demographic shifts, changing delivery models, consumer expectations, global shortages and financial restraints that must be considered in proper HHR planning. This manuscript summarizes some of the factors that should be considered and some of the short comings of current HHR planning approaches. Based on our review and experience, we developed a framework for HHR planning and apply the framework to Barbados to try to identify the existing challenges and issues and potential areas for staff and training investments.

Los recursos humanos en salud (RHS) constituyen asuntos importantes a considerar en relación con los servicios de atención a la salud. Si bien existen diversos factores que pueden poseer mayor importancia en un área en particular - en dependencia de los recursos, las prioridades y la etapa de desarrollo económico - un plan de RHS sólido es importante en todos los casos. Existen muchos factores tales como los cambios demográficos, los modelos de entrega cambiantes, las expectativas del consumidor, las escaseces a nivel global, y las limitaciones financieras a tener en cuenta a la hora de una planificación adecuada de RHS. El presente trabajo resume alguno de los factores que deben tomarse en cuenta y algunas de las deficiencias en los enfoques actuales en la planificación de RHS. A partir de nuestra revisión y experiencia, desarrollamos un esquema para la planificación de RHS. Aplicamos el esquema en Barbados en un intento por identificar los desafíos y problemas existentes, así como las áreas potenciales para inversiones en personal y entrenamiento.

experience with a rare diagnosis of isolated tuberculosis of sternum at JNMC hospital, Aligarh, India

To diagnose isolated tuberculosis of the sternum in patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. A prospective study conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College [JNMC] Hospital, Aligarh, India from July 2000 to July 2006 of 2512 patients presenting with a suspected case of tuberculosis. Cases were confirmed using different investigations along with treatment of the patients with antitubercular treatment [ATT], with further follow up for next 2 years. Nineteen patients were suffering from isolated tuberculosis of sternum. The main presenting feature was retrosternal discomfort [100%] while 14 [73.6%] patients presented with a cold abscess of sternum. All the patients were treated successfully with 12 months of ATT and followed up for 2 years for any relapse. Although tuberculosis of sternum is rare, it should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with chronic lesions of the sternum, particularly in endemic/developing countries. Twelve months of treatment with ATT is optimal for achieving cure without any risk of relapse

Chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: response of imatinib mesylate and significance of Sokal score, age and disease duration in predicting the hematological and cytogenetic response.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response of imatinib mesylate in chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia and to observe the significance of Sokal score and various factors which predict the response. METHODS : This was a descriptive, prospective study conducted from May 2001 to September 2006. One hundred and thirty six patients with diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase were analyzed. Hematologic and cytogenetic responses were assessed according to defined criteria. RESULTS: The median age at time of diagnosis was 33 years (range, 12-65 years). Among them 86 were males, 50 were females. At the end of study response was analyzed overall and according to Sokal score. At median follow-up of 18 months, 122 patients were evaluable for cytogenetic response. Complete hematologic response was seen 86% while complete and major cytogenetic response was observed in 34.4% and 49.2% cases respectively. Analysis of variables like younger age, disease duration at time of starting imatinib failed to show any significant influence on response to imatinib mesylate, however, response was found to be higher in patients who had low Sokal score at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION: Imatinib mesylate has substantial activity in chronic phase of CML. Low Sokal score at time of presentation predict the higher hematologic as well as cytogenetic response in patients with chronic phase.

Supplementation of fish-oil and soy-oil during pregnancy and psychomotor development of infants.

Supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in infancy improves neuro-developmental outcomes, but there is limited information about the impact of supplementing pregnant mothers with DHA on the development of their infants. In a follow-up of a randomized, double-blind controlled trial with 400 pregnant mothers, the effects of supplementation of fish-oil or soy-oil (4 g/day) during the last trimester of pregnancy on psychomotor development and behaviour of infants at 10 months of age (n=249) were assessed. The quality of psychosocial stimulation at home (HOME) and nutritional status of the subjects were also measured. There were no significant differences in the fish-oil group and soy-oil group in any of the developmental (mean +/-SD mental development index: 102.5 +/- 8.0 vs. 101.5 +/- 7.8, psychomotor development index: 101.7 +/- 10.0 vs. 100.5 +/- 10.1) or behavioural outcomes. It may, therefore, be concluded that supplementation of fish-oil during the last trimester of pregnancy does not have any added benefit over supplementation of soy-oil on the development or behaviour of infants in this population.

Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in Pakistani children

The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical, aetiological and avoidable causes of childhood severe visual impairment and blindness, and to produce base line data for developing strategies for preventing childhood visual loss. A prospective hospital based study of 723 children aged 0-15 years who attended the Paediatric Ophthalmology and Squint clinics from January 1992 to July 1995 was carried out, and the results compiled according to the WHO/ICEH childhood blindness form. 36% of our children were blind, whereas another 9% had severe visual impairment. 41.77% children had unilateral visual loss, with SVI/BL in 90%. The anatomical causes of SVI/BL were lens 27%, retina 11.6%, corneal scarring/phthisis bulbi 6.8%, optic nerve 4.6%. Of the aetiological causes, Hereditary factors accounted for 28.1% of the cases. Intrauterine 2.1%, Perinatal 2.1% Childhood 4.2% and unknown 54% were other important causes of SVI/BL in children. Over 80% of the causes of SVI/BL are preventable or treated. There is a need to develop a control programme for childhood blindness as part to the National Plan for Prevention of Blindness

Diabetic control and serum lipids in diabetics attending a Pakistani hospital

Diabetes Mellitus is more prevalent in Asians as compared to White Caucasians. Hence, it has great importance as a public health problem. There is a paucity of data about the state of lipids in this disease, from Pakistan. We studied diabetic patients attending outpatients clinic and recorded their personal characteristics, details of their disease and measured their blood glucose, lipids and glycosylated haemoglobin. Design: Case series. Setting: Patients attending outpatients department of a teaching hospital. Subjects and Seventy consecutive diabetics attending the outpatients department were enrolled in the study. Their age, sex, disease duration, body mass index [BMI]; treatment history, occupation and social class were recorded. Fasting plasma sample was collected and glucose, cholesterol [total, HDL, LDL], triglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin [HBA] estimated. Data was analysed using SPSS statistical package. Most of the patients were non-insulin dependent [N1DDM] diabetics 90%, sedentary workers [70%] and females [66%]. Mean duration of diabetes was 6.2 years [SD 5.2]. Plasma glucose [mean 201 mg/dl], HBA [mean 7.92], triglycerides [mean 215.9 mg/dl] and total cholesterol [mean 221.4 mg/dl] were recorded. About a quarter of cases had a BMI > 28 Kg/m2 and 15% had a BMI > 30 Kg/m2. HDL and LDL cholesterol mean values were 44.1 mg/dl and 134.2 mg/dl respectively. There was good correlation between HBA and fasting plasma glucose. However, the correlation between fasting plasma glucose and various lipid parameters was poor. Conclusions: Majority of diabetics attending hospital outpatients were suffering from NIDDM. A significant proportion of them were obese. As a group they exhibited poor diabetic control and had only modest elevation of plasma lipids. The correlation between fasting plasma glucose [and HBA] and lipid levels was poor. However, there is good correlation between fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobinm, highlighting usefulness of the latter for monitoring

Antiulcerogenic effects of methanolic extracts of nigella sativa and pongamia pinnata in ulcerated rats

The MeOH extract of P. Pinnata [leaves] decreased the ulcer index significantly. A significant decrease in volume of gastic Juice, acid output and peptic activity was recorded. A decrease in protein concentration and increase in total carbohydrates had led to an increase in mucin activity in acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] ulcerated rats, however, peptic activity and mucin activity remained unchanged in normal pylorus ligated rats. The result of the present study tend to confirm that MeOH extract of P. pinnata strengthens mucosal resistance and promotes the healing of the ulcers. The MeOH extract of N. sativa has shown a decrease in volume of gastric juice secreted and peptic activity in ASA ulcerated rats. A qualitative change in carbohydrates concents was found in ASA treated rats, however, mucin activity remained unchanged. A significant change in mucin activity was however, found in normal pylorus ligated rats treated with MeOH extracts of N. sativa

Effect of clofibrate on lipid levels in various tissues of uromastix hardwiskii

Effect of clofibrate on the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and esterified glycerides in heart, liver, adipose tissue and blood of Uromastix hardwickii was studied. 5 mg clofibrate was injected i.p. and above parameters were estimated using ethanol treated animals as controls. Lipid levels in all these tissues were found to be decreased within one hour and continued to decrease up to six hours. However, in most cases after 24 hours an insignificant increase was observed