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Objective To study the prevalence trends and etiology of hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) in hospitalized children.Methods The clinical data of 11 510 cases of children hospitalized with HFMD from 2008 to 2017 in Department of Infection Diseases of Kunming Children's Hospital were collected,and to retrospectively analyze the characteristics,time distribution and pathogen distribution of the cases.Results Of the 11 510 children with HFMD,6 100 were male and 5 410 were female.There were 9 814 cases under 3 years old,1 696 over 3 years old.HFMD occurred throughout the year.The peak months of the disease were April to July,with the time distribution of single peak.There were 4 690 severe cases and 3 452 critical cases,accounting for 70.34％.The main pathogens detected were enteroviruses A71 (EV-A71),coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enteroviruses (EV),with 3 803 cases (36.02％),1 122 cases (10.63％) and 3 401 cases (32.21％) respectively.EV-A71 and CV-A16 infections dominated from 2008 to 2013,while EV-A71 and other EV infection dominated from 2014 to 2017.Conclusions EV-A71,CV-A16 and other EV are the main pathogens of HFMD in Kunming.Critical HFMD cases are mainly caused by EV-A71 infection.
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Objective@#To analyze and summarize the ultrasonographic features of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC).@*Methods@#The ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed in 23 FLHCC cases which were confirmed by pathology, including the size, echogenicity, boundary and other features on gray scale ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging and enhancement patterns on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).@*Results@#Twenty-three patients had 23 lesions of FLHCC. The average age was (40.0±17.1) (15-77) years old and among them 3 cases had liver cirrhosis(13.0%). The maximum diameter of FLHCC lesions was 2.5-16.7 cm and the average was (7.2±4.3)cm. On gray scale ultrasound, 82.6% (19/23) lesions were hypoechoic, 78.3% (18/23) lesions showed cord-like or sheet-like hyperechoic area and 47.8% (11/23) lesions displayed strip-like echogenic attenuation in the center, with calcification in 17.4% (4/23) lesions. There were 91.3% (21/23) lesions showed peripheral and internal rich color flow signals on color Doppler flow imaging and 60.9% (14/23) with subcapsular thick blood vessels. All 8 FLHCC lesions displayed early and hyper-enhancement in the arterial phase and wash-out in the portal and delayed phases on CEUS. Internal nonenhanced scar-like area was appeared in all lesions on CEUS.@*Conclusions@#Patients with FLHCC are mostly young and few with liver cirrhosis. Ultrasonographic features are characterized by relatively large-sized mass with internal acoustic attenuation or calcification on gray scale ultrasound and hypervascularity with central scar on CEUS.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and trend of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in children with gastrointestinal symptoms in Kunming area, and to provide basis for prevention and cure. Methods All of 12 932 cases with gastrointestinal symptoms were adopted by retrospective analysis method from January 2013 to December 2016, and HP infection was detected by 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT). The epidemioloqical characteristics of children with HP infection in including prevalence trend and gender and age HP were statistically analyzed. Results The rates of HP from January 2013 to December 2016 were respectively 17.85%, 18.26%, 20.41% and 32.93%.The rate of HP positive was 24.08%(3 114/12 932), which was 24.82%(1 706/6 874) in boys and 23.24%(1 408/6 058) in girls. The rate of HP infection was significantly higher in boys than that in girls, and there was statistical differences (P＜0.05). The rate of HP infection showed a gradual upward trend with age. There was statistical differences in gender between age 11 and 14[(29.03% (349/1 202) vs. 22.62% (190/840)] (P＜0.05). Conclusions HP infection rate is high in the children with gastrointestinal symptoms in Kunming, and the rate of HP infection in children is related with gender .The rate of HP infection is significantly higher in boys than that in girls, and the positive rate is directly proportional.
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English translation of three-character pathogenesis TCM terms was investigated in this paper from the perspective of accuracy and systematization,two main principles of terminology translation. The terms were classified into five categories according to the three-character syntactic structure, i.e. attributive-modifier structure, adverbial-modifier structure, subject-predicate structure, subject-predicate-object structure and verb-object structure. Further study was conducted to investigate the English translation of attributive-modifier structure terms by comparing four prominent national and international standards of TCM terminologies.