Reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure changes from the initial values on two different days

OBJECTIVE: We tested the reproducibility of changes in the ambulatory blood pressure (BP) from the initial values, an indicator of BP reactivity and cardiovascular health outcomes, in young, healthy adults. METHOD: The subjects wore an ambulatory BP monitor attached by the same investigator at the same time of day until the next morning on two different days (day 1 and day 2) separated by a week. We compared the ambulatory BP change from the initial values at hourly intervals over 24 waking and sleeping hours on days 1 and 2 using linear regression and repeated measures analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The subjects comprised 88 men and 57 women (mean age±SE 22.4±0.3 years) with normal BP (118.3±0.9/69.7±0.6 mmHg). For the total sample, the correlation between the ambulatory BP change on day 1 vs. day 2 over 24, waking, and sleeping hours ranged from 0.37-0.61; among women, the correlation was 0.38-0.71, and among men, it was 0.24-0.52. Among women, the ambulatory systolic/diastolic BP change was greater by 3.1±1.0/2.4±0.8 mmHg over 24 hours and by 3.0±1.1/2.4±0.8 mmHg over waking hours on day 1 than on day 2. The diastolic ambulatory BP change during sleeping hours was greater by 2.2±0.9 mmHg on day 1 than on day 2, but the systolic ambulatory BP change during sleeping hours on days 1 and 2 did not differ. Among men, the ambulatory BP change on days 1 and 2 did not differ. CONCLUSION: Our primary findings were that the ambulatory BP change from the initial values was moderately reproducible; however, it was more reproducible in men than in women. These results suggest that women, but not men, may experience an alerting reaction to initially wearing the ambulatory BP monitor. .

A Mediterranean Low-Glycemic-Load Diet alone or in Combination with a Medical Food Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Inflammation in Women with Metabolic Syndrome.

Aim: To determine the effects of a Mediterranean-style low-glycemic load diet alone or in combination with a medical food (MF) on insulin resistance and inflammation in women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Study design: Two groups, Parallel study with control. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA. The study was carried out from September of 2009 to May 2010. Methodology: Eighty three women (20-75 y) with MetS. Participants were randomly allocated to consume diet alone (control group) or the diet plus the MF (MF group) for 12 wk. Body composition was measured at baseline, week 8 and week 12 by use of bioelectrical impedance in all participants while Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry was used for 37 of the subjects. Insulin resistance, plasma insulin, leptin, adiponectin and the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), adhesion molecules, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, were measured at the same time points. Results: Independent of group allocation, women had decreases in body mass index (p < 0.0001) and body and trunk fat (p < 0.0001). Plasma insulin, insulin resistance, and leptin were also significantly decreased over time (p < 0.0001), while plasma adiponectin levels did not change. Regarding inflammatory markers, significant reductions were found in TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and sICAM-1 levels (p < 0.001), but not in IL-6 or sVCAM-1. At 12 wk, sICAM was reduced only in the MF group (p<0.05 vs control). Conclusion: A Mediterranean-style diet, in combination with a MF, are a viable option to decrease factors associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.

Efeito da suplementaçäo de creatina em sprints no pedalar e na prfomance de sprints repetitivos no pedalar / Creatine supplementation's effect on sprint cycling and repeated sprint cycling perfomance

[1] Fleck S.J., Volek, J.S.,and Kraemer W.J., Efeito da Suplementaçäo de creatina em sprints no pedalar e na perfomance de sprints repetitivos no pedalar. Rev.Bras. Ciên.e Mov. 8 (3):25-32,2000. Um número suficiente de estudos em Ciências do Esporte, têm sido completados, considerando os efeitos da suplementaçäo de creatina na habilidade de realizar sprints, pedalando em curta duraçäo e alta intensidade, que buscam apresentar conclusöes da efetividade da suplementaçäo, nestas atividades. Estudos recentes indicam que um regime típico de suplementaçäo de, aproximadamente, 20 gramas de creatina por dia, por 5 ou sete dias, näo apresentou nenhum impacto na habilidade no tempo de sprints do pedalar, em curta duraçäo e alta intensidade, quando os sprints duraram entre 5 e 30 segundos. Enquanto o efeito da suplementaçäo de creatina em protocolos, com períodos mais longos, comparados com suplementaçäo única na habilidade do sprints no pedalar, em eventos de curta duraçäo e alta intensidade para ambos os protocolos ainda é equívoco. Embora a maioria dos estudos näo sejam conclusivos, em relaçäo ao efeito do regime de suplementaçäo de cargas de creatina em protocolos mais longos que 28 dias de duraçäo, aumento na habilidade de sprint em curta duraçäo e alta intensidade säo observadas. Isto parece ser especialmente verdadeiro quando do esforço para o período de repouso, quando houver pelo menos dois sprints. A perfomance em protocolos de sprints repetidos apresentaram no primeiro, como também nos diversos sprints seguintes, aumentos. A suplementaçäo de creatina parece näo ter efeito nas medidas clássicas de endurance cardiovascular, tais como consumo máximo de oxigênio e consumo de oxigênio em cargas submáximas; sprints após endurance cardiovascular, em perfomance na bicicleta, com duraçäo entre 30 minutos e 2,5 horas, poderia ser aumentada com uma suplementaçäo regular de creatina