High-resolution Sonographic Measurements of Lower Extremity Bursae in Chinese Healthy Young Men / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lower extremity bursae are very vulnerable to injury during strenuous physical exercises. Understanding the imaging characteristics of normal bursae is essential for early diagnosis of morphological abnormalities. Therefore, we evaluated the normal range of lower extremity bursae in healthy young men using high-resolution ultrasound (HR-US) imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bursae in the lower extremities were examined by HR-US in 290 Chinese healthy young men with a median age of 18 years (range, 18-23 years). The bilateral suprapatellar bursa (SPB), deep infrapatellar bursa (DIPB), popliteal bursa (PB), and retrocalcaneal bursa (RCB) were imaged and measured for analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HR-US identification rates of the SPB, DIPB, PB, and RCB were 89.0% (517/580), 55.0% (319/580), 29.4% (171/580), and 49.5% (287/580), respectively. With the assumption that the bursae were normal in 95% of the study participants, the length and width values at the maximal cross-section of the SPB, DIPB, PB, and RCB were ≤18.00 and 6.09 mm, 8.10 and 2.11 mm, 7.67 and 3.93 mm, and 7.82 and 2.04 mm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using HR-US imaging, we were able to analyze lower extremity bursae with high detection rates in healthy young men. The normal ranges of lower extremity bursa dimensions in healthy young men measured by HR-US in this study could be used as reference values for evaluation of bursa abnormalities in the lower extremity.</p>

Preparation of puerarin self-microemulsifying osmotic pump controlled-release capsule / 中草药

Objective: Through the preparation of puerarin self-microemulsifying osmotic pump controlled-release capsule and controlled-release insoluble drug to improve the bioavailability of puerarin. Methods: Through the construction of self-microemulsifying osmotic pump controlled-release capsule of puerarin to do quantitative determination using microemulsion chromatography method. Through the single factor investigation, the three influencing factors were determined: dosage of penetration enhancer NaCl, coating weight, and porogen PEG 400. The optimal prescription was predicted by using central composite design and response surface optimization. Results: The formulation for puerarin self-microemulsifying osmotic pump controlled-release capsule was puerarin 0.07 g, ethyloleate 0.25 g, Polysorbate 80 0.45 g, PEG 400 0.3 g, mannitol 1.07 g, and NaCl 1.07 g. Based on the release of preparation and prediction of prescriptions in 4, 8, and 12 h, the controlled-release capsule conformed to the zero-order release model. Conclusion: Self-microemulsifying osmotic pump capsule could solve the controlled-release of insoluble drugs.