Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular abnormalities of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinicopathological features, molecular changes and prognostic factors in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).@*METHODS@#Sixty-one cases AITL diagnosed by Department of Pathology of Peking University Cancer Hospital were collected with their clinical data. Morphologically, they were classified as typeⅠ[lymphoid tissue reactive hyperplasia (LRH) like]; typeⅡ[marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)like] and type Ⅲ [peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not specified (PTCL-NOS) like]. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the presence of follicular helper T-cell (TFH) phenotype, proliferation of extra germinal center (GC) follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and large B transformation. The density of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) + cells was counted with slides stained by Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization on high power field (HPF). T-cell receptor / immunoglobulin gene (TCR/IG) clonality and targeted exome sequencing (TES) test were performed when necessary. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#Morphological subtype (%): 11.4% (7/61) cases were classified as type Ⅰ; 50.8% (31/61) as type Ⅱ; 37.8% (23/61) as type Ⅲ. 83.6% (51/61) cases showed classical TFH immunophenotype. With variable extra-GC FDC meshwork proliferation (median 20.0%); 23.0% (14/61) had HRS-like cells; 11.5% (7/61) with large B transformation. 42.6% (26/61) of cases with high counts of EBV. 57.9% (11/19) TCR+/IG-, 26.3% (5/19) TCR+/IG+, 10.5% (2/19) were TCR－/IG－, and 5.3% (1/19) TCR－/IG+. Mutation frequencies by TES were 66.7% (20/30) for RHOA, 23.3% (7/30) for IDH2 mutation, 80.0% (24/30) for TET2 mutation, and 33.3% (10/30) DNMT3A mutation. Integrated analysis divided into four groups: (1) IDH2 and RHOA co-mutation group (7 cases): 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 1 case was type Ⅲ; all with typical TFH phenotype; HRS-like cells and large B transformation were not found; (2) RHOA single mutation group (13 cases): 1 case was type Ⅰ, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ; 5 cases without typical TFH phenotype; 6 cases had HRS-like cells, and 2 cases with large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case showed TCR－/IG－, 1 case with TCR－/IG+, and 1 case with TCR+/IG+; (3) TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutation alone group (7 cases): 3 cases were type Ⅱ, 4 cases were type Ⅲ, all cases were found with typical TFH phenotype; 2 cases had HRS-like cells, 2 cases with large B transformation, and atypically; (4) non-mutation group (3 cases), all were type Ⅱ, with typical TFH phenotype, with significant extra-GC FDC proliferation, without HRS-like cells and large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case was TCR－/IG－. Univariate analysis confirmed that higher density of EBV positive cell was independent adverse prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS), (P=0.017 and P=0.046).@*CONCLUSION@#Pathological diagnoses of ALTL cases with HRS-like cells, large B transformation or type Ⅰ are difficult. Although TCR/IG gene rearrangement test is helpful but still with limitation. TES involving RHOA, IDH2, TET2, DNMT3A can robustly assist in the differential diagnosis of those difficult cases. Higher density of EBV positive cells counts in tumor tissue might be an indicator for poor survival.

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture on myofascial trigger points combined with low frequency bioelectrical stimulation and manipulative stretch reduction on sacroiliac joint on perinatal period separation of symphysis pubis / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of acupuncture on myofascial trigger points(MTrPs),low-frequency electrical stimulation and manipulative stretch reduction on sacroiliac joint on perinatal period separation of symphysis pubis.METHODS: Totally 100 cases of perinatal separation of pubic symphysis in Huai'an Women and Children Health Hospital from January 2013 to July 2016 were selected.They were randomly divided into comprehensive treatment group,electrical stimulation group,manipulative reduction group,pelvic belt group and control group,20 cases in each group.The comprehensive treatment group was given acupuncture on myofascial trigger points,low-frequency electrical stimulation and manipulative stretch reduction on sacroiliac joint,the other three treatment groups were treated with their respective monotherapy,and the control group only received the brake observation.The NRS pain score and clinical efficacy were compared among the groups.RESULTS: Six days after treatment,18 cases,7 cases,4 cases,0 case and 0 case were cured in the five groups,respectively.Six weeks after treatment,20 cases,13 cases,11 cases,4 cases and 0 case were cured in the five groups,respectively.Six months after treatment,20 cases,18 cases,15 cases,13 cases and 9 cases were cured in the five groups,respectively.The treatment effect of the comprehensive group was the best,followed by the electric stimulation group,and then manipulation reduction group.CONCLUSION: acupuncture on myofascial trigger points and electrical stimulation combined with manipulative stretch reduction can not only quickly relieve the pain of patients in a short time,but also quickly make the pubic symphysis form return to normal.It has a high treatment efficiency and is less painful.So it has a high clinical value.

Changes in the expression of EphA5/ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in rats with epilepsy and their role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in the expression of EphA5 and its ligand ephrinA5 in the hippocampus of rats with epilepsy and their role in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and TLE group, with 120 rats in each group. A rat model of lithium-pilocarpine TLE was established, and then the rats were divided into subgroups at 12 and 24 hours and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after epilepsy was induced. In-situ hybridization was used to measure the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression of EphA5 in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in 9 rats; Neo-Timm silver staining was used to observe mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in 2 rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In-situ hybridization showed mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, but this was not found in the dentate gyrus. Compared with the control group at the same time point, the TLE group had a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced (P<0.05); at 30 and 60 days after epilepsy was induced, the TLE group had a gradual increase in the mRNA expression of ephrinA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and there was no significant difference between the TLE and control groups (P>0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that EphA5 protein was expressed in the CA3 region and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and had a similar trend of change as ephrinA5 mRNA. Neo-Timm silver staining showed that the TLE group developed marked mossy fiber sprouting in the CA3 region of the hippocampus at 7 and 15 days after epilepsy was induced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Downregulation of ephrinA5 and EphA5 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus may participate in the mechanism of mossy fiber sprouting and is closely associated with the development and progression of epilepsy.</p>

Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of patients with LMP-1 positive Hodgkin's lymphoma after EBV infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and CD68 in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients with EB virus infection and to analyze the relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) tumor-associated macrophage count with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients. The expression of LMP1 and count of CD68(+) TAM were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens of 72 HL patients; their correlation with clinical features and prognosis of HL patients was analyzed by using statistical method. The results showed that among tissue specimens of 72 HL patients, the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was 18.1% (13/72), the CD68(+) TAM count was more higher in LMP-1 positive expression [250 of CD68(+) TAM/high power field (hpf) is used as demarcation point] (P = 0.003). The statistical analysis showed that the LMP-1 positive expression was more observed in mixed type HL patients (P = 0.000); the positive rate of LMP-1 expression was much high in HL patients with albumin <40 g/L and age ≥ 45 years (P < 0.05). There was no relation of LMP-1 expression and CD68(+) TAM count with the short term therapeutic efficacy of HL patients, but the overall survival time of LMP-1 positive patients among patients followed-up for ≥ 5 years was short (P < 0.05). Moveover, no correlation of CD68(+) TAM count with the overall survival time of HL patients was found. It is concluded that the high count of CD68(+) TAM is more observed in LMP-1 positive expression of HL tissue, the LMP-1 expression states relates both with the pathological types, age and albumin level of patient with HL. The HL patients with LMP-1 positive expression have poor prognosis, suggesting that LMP-1 may be a new prognostic marker for HL patients.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of testis: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 58 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and prognostic factors of testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic profiles of 58 cases of testicular DLBCL were investigated.Immunohistochemical stainings and EBER1/2 in situ hybridization were performed on formalin fixed tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of the patients was 62.1 years, and the median age was 65 years. The course of disease was short in most of the cases. Clinical stages at diagnosis were mainly stage I or II (87.9%, 51/58). Forty eight patients (82.8%) had unilateral testis involvement. Inguinal lymphadenopathy was observed in 12 (20.7%) patients and the other organs were seldom involved. Morphologically, centroblast-like neoplastic cells infiltrated interstitial tissue of testis diffusely and invaded into seminiferous tubules. Tunica albuginea and vessels were involved in 14 (24.1%) and 10 (17.2%) patients, respectively. Immunophenotype analysis showed predominant non-GCB type of DLBCL (48/58, 82.8%) by Hans classification. No EBV infection was detected. Follow-up data were available in 48 (82.8%) patients. Twenty eight patients (58.3%) died of the disease. One-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survivals were 55.7%, 31.6% and 27.6%, respectively. Age (older than 60 years), B-symptoms, high serum level of LDH, advanced Ann Arbor stage as well as lack of combination of therapy were associated with a poor prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This large series of testicular DLBCL mainly present with local disease at diagnosis. Most cases show non-GCB immunophenotype. Despite early clinical stage at presentation, the prognosis is poor. Combined chemotherapy postoperation may prolong survival of the patients.</p>

CD16 expression is an independent prognostic factor for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinicopathologic features of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-N), to explore the expression of NK cell-associated receptors in ENKTCL-N and the relationship with prognosis, and to establish a prognostic model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six cases of ENKTCL-N were selected from the files of the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The relevant clinical and follow-up data were collected, and the histopathology was reviewed. All specimens were stained immunohistochemically for CD16, ICAM-1 and LFA-1. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CD94, NKG2 and KIR. The relationship between the prognosis of ENKTCL-N, clinical features, histopathological characteristics and expression of these markers were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ENKTCL-N mainly occurred in middle-age and young patients (median age, 41 years). The male to female ratio was 3.2:1. Sites more commonly involved were the nose and upper aerodigestive tract whereas those for the non-nasal type were the skin and gut. Only six cases involved two or more extranodal sites. Most (86.5%, 109/126) of the patients were in clinical stages I/II. The tumors showed predominately medium-sized tumor cells and large-sized tumor cells accounted for only 9.5% (12/126). Coagulative necrosis was present in all cases. The expression rates of CD56, CD16, CD94, LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were 82.6% (95/115), 15.1% (19/126), 55.4% (41/74), 40.5% (51/126) and 0, respectively. The expression rate of NKG2 receptor was 90.5% (67/74) overall. NKG2 receptor expression was independent of CD94. The overall expression rate of KIR receptor was 33.8% (25/74) and KIR receptor restriction was not detected in 20.8% (5/24) of the cases. Follow-up data was available in all patients, with median and average survival time being 15 months and 20.2 months, respectively. Survival analysis showed that prognostic factors included the gender, age, disease type, extranodal involvement, stage, the expression of CD16, LFA-1 and CD94. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis revealed four factors, age, involved site, stage and CD16 expression, were independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The age, disease type, stage and CD16 expression are independent prognostic factors. Establishment of a prognostic model based on the above four factors can be more accurate in the prognostication of ENKTCL-N. The differences in the clinical features, prognosis, and expression of NK cell-associated receptors are obvious between nasal NK-cell lymphoma and non-nasal NK-cell lymphoma.</p>

Effect of doxorubicin on TRAIL resistance and TRAIL receptor expression in lymphoma cell line SNK-6 cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of doxorubicin on TRAIL resistance and TRAIL receptor expression in lymphoma cell line SNK-6 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SNK-6 cells treated with doxorubicin at different concentrations alone or in combination with tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis and the expression of TRAIL receptors were determined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay showed that treatment with 100 and 1000 ng/ml doxorubicin for 24 h, the survival rates of SNK-6 cells were (80.9 ± 7.2)% and (53.7 ± 2.8)%, significantly higher than that by treatment combined with 500 ng/ml TRAIL (64.9 ± 1.1)% and (34.0 ± 3.9)%, respectively (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that after treatment with 100 and 1000 ng/ml doxorubicin for 48 h, the survival rates of SNK-6 cells were (69.9 ± 6.1)% and (31.1 ± 1.9)%, while treated in combination with 500 ng/ml TRAIL, the cell survival rates were (37.5 ± 6.4)% and (15.0 ± 1.8)%, respectively. The early apoptosis rate was (14.8 ± 0.6)% and (30.8 ± 1.5)%, significantly lower than that [(28.7 ± 0.6)% and (46.6 ± 2.8)%] after treatment in combination with TRAIL (P < 0.05). The expressions of TRAIL receptors and decoy receptors were increased when SNK-6 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml doxorubicin for 24 hours.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Doxorubicin can overcome to a certain extent the TRAIL resistance of SNK-6 cells and induce upregulation of TRAIL death receptors and decoy receptors on the surface of SNK-6 cells. However, a higher dose is needed.</p>

Clinicopathology, immunophenotype, T cell receptor gene rearrangement, Epstein-Barr virus status and p53 gene mutation of cutaneous extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Extranodal natural killer/T-cell (NK/T cell) lymphoma, nasal-type, is a rare lymphoma. Skin is the second most common site of involvement after the nasal cavity/nasalpharynx. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, the association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and p53 gene mutations of the lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for EBER1/2, TCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mutations of p53 gene analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis were employed in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 19 cases, the tumor primarily involved the dermis and subcutaneous layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the cases expressed CD45RO, CD56, CD3ε, TIA-1 and GrB. Three cases were positive for CD3 and two cases were positive for CD30. Monoclonal TCRγ gene rearrangement was found in 7 of 18 cases. The positive rate of EBER1/2 was 100%. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9 in the 18 cases. Fifteen cases showed Pro (proline)/Arg (arginine) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the exon 4 at codon 72. The expression of p53 protein was 72% (13/18) immunohistochemically.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9, and Pro/Arg SNPs on p53 codon 72 were detected in the cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma. The overexpression of p53 protein may not be the result of p53 gene mutation.</p>

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 258 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To observe the clinicopathologic features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to evaluate the values of langerin, CD1a and S-100 protein expression in diagnosis of the tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 258 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the past 18 years (from 1992 to 2008) were collected, morphologic review and immunohistochemical staining were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all 258 cases, the ages of patients older than 16 years or younger than 2 years were 126 (48.8%) and 37 (14.3%), respectively, in the remaining 95 (36.8%) of the cases, the age of the patients ranged from 2 to 16 years. For all of 258 cases, there were 364 diseased sites. Bony lesions accounted for 77.2% (281 cases), especially the skull (112 cases, 39.9%), followed by lymph node (25 cases, 6.9%) and skin (14 cases, 3.8%). Clinically, unisystem or unifocal disease was predominant (201 cases, 77.9%), followed by unisystem and multifocal disease (21 cases, 8.1%), multi-system disease (26 cases, 10.1%), isolated pulmonary LCH (2 cases, 0.8%), and unclassified (8 cases, 3.1%). Histologically, variable number of Langerhans cells was present in 265 samples of 258 cases. Multinucleated giant cells were found in 166 (62.6%) of the samples. Eosinophils were the major infiltrating non-neoplastic cells, and eosinophilic abscess was seen in 57 cases (21.5%). Coagulative necrosis and dead bone were detected in 29 (10.9%) and 124 (46.8%) of the cases, respectively. Immunohistochemically, the expression of S-100 protein, CD1a and langerin was 99.1% (209/211), 100% (206/206) and 98.5% (193/196), respectively, and the sensitivity of them had no statistical difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this group of LCH cases, the ratio of adult patients is high, but the proportion of multi-organ lesion is low. No significant difference of the sensitivity is found among langerin, CD1a and S-100 expression in diagnosis of LCH.</p>

Prognostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT after first-line treatment in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in detecting residual disease and predicting relapse following first-line treatment in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 39 patients with DLBCL, who underwent PET/CT scan after first-line treatment, were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PET/CT findings were interpreted as negative, mild metabolism and positive. Seventeen patients' PET/CT findings were judged as negative, none of them relapsed with a median follow-up of 24.1 months, 13 were judged as mild metabolism, 2 of them relapsed with a median follow-up of 17.1 months. Of the rest 9 findings were judged as positive with a median follow-up of 16.3 months, 4 patients were considered as disease progression according to clinical manifestations and other radiographic results, 2 patients relapsed at the time points of 13.5 and 6.8 months after PET/CT scan respectively, the other 3 patients were diagnosed as negative by biopsy, none of them relapsed at the time points of 5.9, 9.6 and 20.0 months after PET/CT scan respectively. One-year progression-free-survival (PFS) for negative, mild metabolism and positive groups was 100%, 83% and 56%, respectively. Two-year PFS was 100%, 83% and 42%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) at 1 year for negative, mild metabolism and positive groups was 100%, 100% and 89%, respectively. Two-year OS was 100%, 100% and 63%, respectively (P = 0.004).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DLBCL patients with negative and mild metabolism PET/CT following first-line treatment had good prognosis, who needed no additional therapy. While patients with positive PET/CT had poor prognosis, those patients should receive biopsy before adjusting treatment regimen because of the high false-positive rate.</p>

Analysis of the immunohistochemical subtypes and prognosis of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the subtypes of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL) and to explore the relationship between the subtype classification and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of CD20, CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, Mum-1, CD5, Bcl-2, Ki-67, FOXP-1, GCET-1, BLIMP-1 and LMO-2 antigens on paraffin-embedded sections of 47 cases. Hans, Choi and Tally subtypes were classified, and univariate and multivariate analyses were used to elucidate the relationship between the subtypes and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 47 cases, the expression of Bcl-2 in the tumor cells was 46.8%, CD10 4.3%, Bcl-6 70.2%, Mum-1 53.2%, GCET-1 36.2%, BLIMP-1 4.3%, FOXP-1 63.8% and LMO-2 19.2%. The positive rate of Ki-67 was 30% to 95%, with a median of 80%, of which 12 cases (25.5%) was > or = 90%. The Hans subtype classification showed 16 cases (34.0%) were of GCB type and 31 cases (66.0%) of non-GCB type. The Choi subtype classification showed 16 cases (34.0%) were of GCB type and 31 cases (66.0%) of ABC type. The Tally subtype classification showed 6 cases (12.8%) were of GCB type and 41 cases (87.2%) of non-GCB type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of this study show that there is no significant correlation between the three subtypes and prognosis. The prognosis is correated with post-operative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and MTX therapy.</p>

Clinical observation of gastric bypass in treatment of type 2 diabetes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass. Blood glucose alterations, operation time, and operation complications were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes. Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass, gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation, shorter operation time, and fewer operation complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is safe, easy to implement, and worthy of clinical popularization.</p>

The clinical features, therapeutic responses, and prognosis of the patients with mantle cell lymphoma / 癌症

Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL), a special type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is incurable through conventional treatment. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, therapeutic responses, and prognosis of patients with MCL. Clinical data of 30 patients with MCL treated in our hospital between April 2006 and July 2011 were analyzed. Eighteen patients were treated with CHOP plus rituximab (R-CHOP) regimen, 12 underwent conventional chemotherapy. The median age of the 30 patients was 58 years, 23 were men, all patients had Cyclin D1 overexpression, 29 (96.7%) had advanced disease, 11 (36.7%) had bone marrow involvement, 9 (30.0%) had gastrointestinal involvement, and 15 (50.0%) had splenomegaly. The complete response(CR) rate and overall response rate(ORR) were significantly higher in patients undergoing R-CHOP immunochemotherapy than in those undergoing conventional chemotherapy (38.9% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.187; 72.2% vs. 41.4%, P = 0.098). The difference of 2-year overall survival rate between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.807) due to the short follow-up time. The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was higher in R-CHOP group than in conventional chemotherapy group (53% vs. 25%, P = 0.083), and was higher in patients with a lower mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI) (51% for MIPI 0-3, 33% for MIPI 4-5, and 0% for MIPI 6-11, P = 0.059). Most patients with MCL were elderly; in an advanced stage; showed a male predominance; and usually had bone marrow involvement, gastrointestinal involvement, or splenomegaly. R-CHOP regimen could improve the CR rate and ORR of MCL patients. MIPI can be a new prognostic index for predicting the prognosis of advanced MCL.

An analysis of hepatitis B virus infection rate in 405 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum HBV markers in NHL patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients was compared with that in nationwide general population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in 405 cases of NHL were 11.6%, 39.8% and 47.9%, respectively, which were statistically different from those in general population (P < 0.01). The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in B-cell NHL and T-cell NHL were 13.3% vs 7.1% (P = 0.083), 40.6% vs 37.5% (P = 0.567), 53.2% vs 33.9% (P = 0. 001), respectively. The HBV DNA positive rate was 23.7% in 93 cases of NHL, and was 50.0% in 38 cases of HBsAg-positive NHL while 5.5% in 55 cases of HBsAg-negative but HBcAb-positive NHL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infection rate of HBV in NHL patients is higher than that in general population, in which occult hepatitis B virus infection can not be ignored. The positive rate of anti-HBc in B-cell NHL is significantly higher than that in T-cell NHL. For NHL patients infected with HBV, prophylactic anti-HBV therapy to prevent viral reactivation should be given before the anti-cancer treatment. Further study in the relationship between HBV and NHL should be carried out in the future.</p>

Diagnostic significance of TCR gene clonal rearrangement analysis in early mycosis fungoides / 癌症

Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, has various unspecific clinical and histological characteristics. Its early diagnosis is challenging. The application of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene clonal rearrangement to the diagnosis of MF has been widely studied. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the diagnostic significance of detecting TCR-γ and -β gene clonal rearrangement in the early diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. PCR for TCR-γ and TCR-β gene rearrangement was performed on 19 patients with suspected early MF, 6 with typical MF, and 6 with chronic dermatitis. Of the 19 patients with suspected early MF, 13 had TCR-γ gene clonal rearrangement, whereas none had TCR-β gene clonal rearrangement. All patients with typical MF had TCR gene clonal rearrangement, in which 4 showed TCR-γ clonal rearrangement, 1 showed TCR-β gene clonal rearrangements, and 1 showed both. No patients with chronic dermatitis had TCR gene clonal rearrangement. These results indicate that TCR gene clonal rearrangement analysis is a useful tool in diagnosing early MF. TCR-γ gene is recommended to the routine analysis, whereas TCR-β gene has potential in combination toward intractable cases.

Primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an immunohistochemical and prognostic study of 90 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the immunophenotype and prognostic significance of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with reference to Hans, Choi and Tally algorithms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic features and follow-up data in 90 cases of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Cox regression model. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using EliVision and EnVision methods for CD20, CD3ε, CD10, bcl-6, MUM-1, CD5, bcl-2, GCET1, FOXP1, LMO2, BLIMP1 and Ki-67.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 27 to 83 years (mean = 58 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.31:1. Amongst the 90 cases studied, 64.4% (58/90) involved the stomach and 35.6% (32/90) involved the intestine. The immunohistochemical findings were as follows: 100% positivity for CD20, 0% for CD3ε and CD5, 17.8% (16/90) for CD10, 75.6% (68/90) for bcl-6, 52.2% (47/90) for MUM-1 (cut off was 30%), 43.3% (39/90) for MUM-1 (cut off was 80%), 50.0% (45/90) for GCET1, 45.6% (41/90) for FOXP1, 23.3% (21/90) for LMO2, 42.2% (38/90) for bcl-2 and 8.9% (8/90) for BLIMP1. The Ki-67 index ranged from 20% to 95% (median = 80%). According to Hans algorithm, 51.1% of the cases belonged to germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype and 48.9% belonged to non-GCB subtype. In contrast, Choi algorithm classified 55.6% cases as GCB subtype and 44.4% as activated B-cell (ABC) subtype. According to Tally algorithm, 34.4% were of GCB subtype and 65.6% of non-GCB subtype. Most of the patients (67.8%, 61/90) received chemotherapy and 68.9% (62/90) underwent surgical resection. The overall 2, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 58.5%, 52.8% and 49.8%, respectively. The overall 2, 3 and 5-year survival rates in the CHOP therapy group were 68.5%, 61.2% and 52.9%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There is no significant difference in ratio between the GCB and non-GCB/ABC subtypes by Hans and Choi algorithms. The non-GCB subtype seems to be more prevalent according to Tally algorithm. Although there is no significant difference in survival between GCB and non-GCB/ABC subtypes by the 3 algorithms, GCB subtype tends to show a better survival. In univariate analysis, LDH level, international prognostic index, chemotherapy, surgical resection, B symptoms, number of involved sites and clinical stage are found to have prognostic significance. In multivariate analysis, Choi algorithm, Tally algorithm, chemotherapy, surgical resection, LDH level and clinical stage are independent prognostic factors.</p>

Short-term outcome of the acellular dermal matrix in dental implant surgical sites / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical short-term results of the acellular dermal matrix for guided bone regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four patients with bone defect in anterior maxillary area (average bone width: 3 mm) were included. Ridge-splitting technique with simultaneous placement of implants and artificial bone material implantation was performed in 21 patients (non-membrane group). Forty-three patients received the same procedure but with acellular dermal matrix covering the surgical sites (membrane group). The patients were followed up for three months and the new bone formation was checked in clinic and by X-ray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three months after operation, the membrane group showed good osseointegration and high bone density over the implant cover screws. In the second operation, the membranes became thinner and the new bone fully covered the implant in the membrane group. The labial bone exhibited slight absorption and labial surface of 7 implants in 7 patients was exposed in non-membrane group. The width and the height of the ridge in the second operation were greater in membrane group than in non-membrane group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The acellular dermal matrix can effectively resist the growth of soft tissue to allow bone regeneration around the implant.</p>

Primary lymphoma of breast: a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic and prognostic study of 21 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features of primary breast lymphoma (PBL) and to discuss the diagnosis of the tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one cases of PBL with follow up data were clinically reviewed. The histologic diagnosis of the tumor was based on the updated WHO Classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2008). Immunohistochemistry was performed by SP method and antibodies selected were as follows: CD20, CD3epsilon, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, CD5, Bcl-2, CD23, CD10, cyclin D1, CD43 and Ki67.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) All 21 patients were female and the median age of patients was 48 years. The right and the left breasts were involved in 11 (52.4%) and 10 patients (47.6%), respectively. According to Ann Arbor staging system, 20 cases were stage I-II (95.2%), and the remaining case was stage IV (4.8%). For the international prognostic index (IPI), 19 cases were score 0-1, and 2 cases were score 2-3. For ECOG score, 19 cases were 0, and the remaining 2 cases were 1. (2) Histologically, all 21 cases (100%) were DLBCL. Immunohistochemically, the frequency of antigen expression was as follows: CD20 (100%), MUM-1 (14/21, 66.7%), bcl-6 (5/21, 23.8%), CD10 (0), bcl-2 (13/21, 61.9%), CD5 (1/21, 4.8%); Ki-67 index: 10 cases (47.6%) were less than 59%, with the expression of seven cases (33.3%) being 60% - 89%, and more than 90% in the remaining four cases (19.1%). The median Ki-67 index was 60%. All the cases were considered non germinal center B-cell-like type of DLBCL. (3) Follow-up data was available in 64% of the cases. One, two and five-year survival rates were 11 cases, 7 cases and 3 cases, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the cases of PBL in the current study were DLBCL, non germinal center B-cell-like type, and a diagnosis of PBL can only be established after excluding breast involvement in systemic lymphoma.</p>

Clinical characteristics of acute scrotum: analysis of 316 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differential diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 316 cases of acute scrotum and reviewed the related literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the total number, there were 117 cases of acute epididymitis (37.0%), 76 acute orchitis (24.1%), 39 acute periorchitis (12.3%), 23 acute scrotal infection (7.3%), 21 testicular trauma (6.6%), 17 idiopathic scrotal edema (5.4%), 16 testicular torsion (5.1%), and 7 scrotal gangrene (2.2%). Eighty-one of them underwent surgery and 235 received conservative treatment, of whom 1 with scrotal gangrene died of toxic shock for refusing surgical drainage. Those with testicular torsion all showed positive results in Prehn's test and responded well to surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acute scrotum is detrimental to male health, for which early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential.</p>

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinicopathologic features of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and the role of immuno-phenotype and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement detection in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SPB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 21 cases of SPB were selected during a period from 1990 to 2008. A retrospective clinicopathologic study and immunohistochemistry (EnVision or EliVision methods) of 17 antigens were performed. In addition, universal IgH (FR3A/LJH/VLJH) primers and BIOMED-2 PCR multiplex tubes were used for IgK and IgL rearrangement analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 36 to 72 years with a media of 50 years. Axial skeleton was the most common site of involvement, accounting for 66.7% of the cases (14 of 21), followed by the extremities of 33.3% (7 cases). Low serum level of M-components was found in 5 cases, including two of IgG type (21.4 g/L) and three of IgA type. Clinical manifestations were closely related to the anatomic sites involved, such as pain due to bone destruction, symptoms and signs caused by compression of spinal cord or nerve root, and pathological fracture. All cases presented as a solitary osteolytic lesion. According to the histological grading criteria, grade I tumor was seen in 12 of 21 cases (57.1%). The remaining were grade II (5 cases, 23.8%) and grade III (4 cases, 19.0%). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed two or more plasma cell antigens, including CD138, CD38 and PC, but no CD19 and CD20. CD79a expression detected in 23.8%(5/21) of the cases. Expression of CD56, CD27 and CD44v6 were 57.1% (12/21), 15.0% (3/20) and 23.8% (5/21), respectively. Follow-up data were available in 12 of the 21 patients (57.1%). Five patients were alive and 7 died. Three patients developed multiple myeloma (MM) and died of the tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SPB is a rare tumor with bone pain as the most common presenting symptom due to bone destruction. The diagnosis of EMP can only be established after exclusion of an extramedullay invasion by MM. Immunophenotype and IgH gene rearrangement analysis play important roles in the diagnosis of SPB.</p>