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Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recog-nition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.
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Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmaceutical care in outpatient service of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Two hundred patients who were not taking medicines for the first time (had received routine medication explanations) and had made an appointment for the next outpatient TCM service were randomly selected for questionnaire survey during July to October, 2021. After the intervention of clinical pharmacy care, the questionnaire survey was conducted again, and the results of the questionnaire survey of patients before and after the clinical pharmacy care were compared. Results After clinical pharmacy intervention, the scores of eight questions in the questionnaire were significantly improved (except for the awareness of taking drugs, P values of the other seven items were all <0.05). Conclusion The development of TCM clinical pharmaceutical care could effectively improve patients' safety awareness of medication safety. The patients' awareness of the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine and medication compliance had also been significantly improved. The awareness of pharmacists role in patients was enhanced. The outpatient pharmaceutical care of Traditional Chinese Medicine was effectively improved, which is important to rational drug use.
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OBJECTIVE To study in vitro inhibitory effects of realgar nanoparticles on breast cancer stem cells. METHODS Human breast cancer MCF- 7 parent cells were selected as subjects and cultured by serum-free culture to obtain breast cancer stem cells. Using adriamycin （1 mg/L）as positive control ，same concentration of water-processed realgar as reference ，the effects of realgar nanoparticles on the proliferation of MCF- 7 parent cells and stem cells were detected by CCK- 8 method. The effects of realgar nanoparticles on the formation of mammosphere ，the ability of differentiation ，migration and invasion ，the proportion of CD44+/CD24－ subgroup in breast cancer stem cells were detected by mammosphere formation and differentiation experiment ， scratch experiment ，Transwell invasion experiment and flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of proteins related to epithelial mesenchymal transformation pathway （E-cadherin and vimentin ） in breast cancer stem cells. RESULTS The survival rates of MCF- 7 parent cells and stem cells （except for breast cancer stem cells in both 1 mg/mL groups ）in 1，5，10，40，60，80 mg/L groups of water-processed realgar and realgar nanoparticles were significantly lower than blank control group（P＜0.01）. The number of mammosphere （＞20 stem cells ）in 1，2.5，5，10 mg/L groups of water-processed realgar and realgar nanoparticles was significantly lower than blank control group （P＜0.01）；the volume of mammosphere decreased and the differentiated adherent cells decreased ；the healing rate of wound ，relative invasion rate （except for water-processed realgar 1 mg/L group）and the proportion of CD 44+/CD24－ subgroup were significantly lower than blank control group （P＜0.01）. The expressions of E-cadherin in 2.5，10 mg/L groups of water-processed realgar and realgar nanoparticles was significantly higher than blank control group ，and the expressions of vimentin was significantly lower than those in blank control group （P＜0.01）. The above effects of realgar nanoparticles were generally better than those of water-processed realgar with the same mass concentration （P＜ 0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with water-processed realgar with the same mass concentration ，realgar nanoparti cles can significantly inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer stem cells， the formulation and differential ability of mammo- sphere，and reduce the proportion of CD 44+/CD24－ subgroup. The effect may be associated with the inhibition of migration and invasion of breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting the expression of proteins related to epithelial mesenchymal transformation pathway.
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Objective To study the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on the apoptosis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism. Methods Cell counting reagent (CCK-8) was used to detect the effect of Sch B on the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Sch B (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) for 24 hours. The cell death was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFA-DA fluorescent probe. Apoptosis and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress related proteins (Bcl-2、Bax、CHOP、GPR78、PERK、p-PERK、p-eIF2α、eIF2) were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank group, the cell survival rate decreased significantly (P<0.01) with the increase of Sch B concentration, and its IC50 was 19.16 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) inhibited cell clone formation in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) induced apoptosis (P<0.05), significantly reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) significantly increased the level of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Sch B groups (10, 20, 40 μmol/L) stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins CHOP, GPR78 and p-eIF2α in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Sch B induces apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Objective:Based on the perspective of supply and demand balance, to analyze the implementation effects of primary-feature medical services measures in medical alliances.Methods:From July to September 2019, two regions with different levels of economic development were chosen, and from each region one leading hospital and two community health service centers/township hospitals were selected from its medical alliance. A total of 213 medical staff and 703 residents were surveyed, to learn their awareness and performance appraisal of these feature services.Frequency and proportion were calculated in a descriptive statistical analysis. The scores of the performance appraisal of both supply and demand sides were tested by independent sample t. Results:In the performance appraisal of such measures, the average scoring by medical staff was 4.39±0.07, and that by residents was 3.85±0.06; the residents were more concerned with service capabilities and contents, while medical staff were more concerned with service content and delivery mode; supply and demand sides were found with consensus in terms of improving the medical service quality of chronic diseases in primary level and service accessibility.Conclusions:The county-level medical alliances should focus on enhancing their capacity of primary medical services, and improving their primary service mode with the help of medical insurance institutions. Meanwhile, it is imperative to optimize the primary medical service policy in view of supply and demand balance.
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Objective To explore the relationship between cognitive function and sleep disturb-ance,depression and anxiety. Methods Totally 333 medical staff were investigated using the repetitive neu-ropsychological status questionnaire (RBANS),the Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI),the depression self-rating scale (SDS) and the anxiety self-rating scale ( SAS). Results ①The difference of visual span in gender(male:(81. 87±13. 48) vs female:(77. 12± 13. 09)) was statistically significant ( t=2. 928,P<0. 05).②Differences in immediate memory,language function,attention function and total score of RBANS among patients of different ages were statistically significant ( F=9. 654,8. 370,11. 465,11. 112, all P<0. 01).③There were significant differences in the RBANS,immediate memory,visual span,attention function and delayed memory between doctor and nurse(t=5. 374,4. 730,3. 389,4. 359,5. 675,all P<0. 01).④There were significant differences in the RBANS,immediate memory,and delayed memory between different PSQI levels ( F=3. 475,4. 892,4. 087, all P<0. 05). ⑤There were significant differences in RBANS ((88. 87±12. 47) vs (83. 69±13. 03)),immediate memory ((86. 18±16. 09) vs (80. 56±15. 38)),visual span ((79. 39±13. 32) vs (73. 47±12. 46)),and delayed memory ((89. 03±10. 26) vs (85. 49±11. 41)) between the depressive symptoms and not depressive symptoms groups( t=2. 794,2. 380,3. 042,2. 295,all P<0. 05) .⑥The total score of medical staff's RBANS was significantly negatively correlated with their PSQI,SDS and SAS scores (r=-0. 158,-0. 233,-0. 117,all P<0. 05).⑦SDS,age,occupation,education, time of sleep and PSQI entered multiple stepwise regression equations,which explain 39. 9% variation in cog-nitive function of medical staff. Conclusion The cognitive function of medical staff is affected by gender, age,occupation,education,depression,and sleep disturbance. The worse the sleep quality,the higher the de-gree of depression and anxiety,and the poorer the cognitive function.
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). After the treatment of standard chemotherapy R-CHOP regimen, approximately 40% of DLBCL patients fail to respond to treatment or show progress of the disease. At the 61st American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, multiple studies reported the latest treatment progress of DLBCL, including improving the prognosis of newly diagnosed patients and providing more treatment options for relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients.
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Objective To study the application of 99Tcm in rabbit cerebral thromboembolic stroke and thrombolysis effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).Methods The 0.5 mL radioactive pertechnetate sodium (specification:5 mCi/2mL and radiation intensity 92.5 MBq/mL) was combined with 30 μL stannous chloride (5 mg/mL),and the 20 μL mixture was joined to whole blood,red blood cells,and plasma for labelling.Then 50 μL CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and bovine thrombin (50 IU/mL) were doped in mixture,and rapidly sucked into a polyethylene plastic pipe (PE80).Thrombus was formed for 2 h at 37 ℃ and cut into small pieces of 10 mm.Autologous blood clots combined with 99Tcm from external carotid artery were injected to internal carotid artery of rabbit,the radioactivity (counts per minute,CPM) was measured by gamma counting instrument,and the improvement of rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg (clinical equivalent dose) on this model was observed.Results After thromboembolism,CPM increased approximately by (5.1 ± 1.3) times,which suggested that the model was reliable.The rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg had significant progressive thrombolysis effect.Conclusion 99Tcm tracer technology could be applied to rabbit cerebral stroke model,which is stable and reliable
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Di'ao Xinxuekang (DAXXK) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to explore its mechanisms. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established by the ligation of descending coronary artery in rats. Then animals after the modeling were randomized into model group, DAXXK-d (31.5 mg/kg) group, DAXXK-g (63.0 mg/kg) group and Diltiazem (24.8 mg/kg) group. A separate sham group was used as control. The treatment group was given DAXXK once a day for 7 days. Cardiac function and cardiac configuration were measured by color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic method. Hemodynamics was measured by Millar catheter method. The arterial oxygen saturation and blood oxygen pressure were measured by i-STAT 300 blood gas analyzer. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2, Bax were detected by ELISA. Myocardial apoptosis was measured using TUNEL method. Results Compared with model group, the left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), the systolic and diastolic function were improved, and the left ventricular pressure maximum rise/ fall rates (± LVdp/dtmax) were increased, in DAXXK group. DAXXK improved lung function, increased arterial oxygen pressure and oxygen content. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased in DAXXK group. The myocardial swelling and inflammatory infiltration were relieved, myocardial apoptosis was reduced, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased and the expression of Bax protein was decreased in DAXXK group. Conclusion DAXXK can protect myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which involved in the inhibition of apoptosis and reduction of inflammatory cytokines.
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Objective The astragaloside Ⅳ(ASI)has been proved to play an important role in protecting against cell death on cardiovascular diseases.This study aims to investigate the effect of the astragaloside derivate.(ASId)on confronting oxidative stress and hypertrophy in myocardial cells.Methods Following exposure embryonic rat cardiac H9c2 cells to hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and angiotensin Ⅱ for developing oxidative stress and hypertrophy,ASId at final concentrations(0.1,1,and 10 μmol/L)was added to study its role in protecting cardiomyocytes by biochemical detection and cell size measurement In addition,the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opener atractyloside(20 μmol/L)and inhibitor cyclosporin A(CSA)(1 μmol/L)were employed to investigate the possible mechanisms for anti-oxidation.Results ASId at 1 and 10 μmol/L in cultures suppressed oxidative stress at different degrees,which induced the decrease in LDH activity and MDA content,and also the increase in SOD activity in comparable with the model group; The mPTP opener atractyloside and inhibitor CSA weakened and strengthened the role of ASId,respectively.ASId at 10 μmol/L inhibited cell hypertrophy,and the cell diameter,surface area,and protein content were all decreased in comparable of those cells in model group.Conclusion ASId is involved in the cytoprotective effects on oxidative stress through a pathway mediated by mPTP,and also has a protective effect against hypertrophy.
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Objective Astrgaloside Ⅳ derivative (ASId) is one of Astragaloside Ⅳ (ASI) derivatives with higher water-solubility and may have more druggability than ASI. The present study aims at observing the effects of ASId on cardiovascular parameters in chronic heart failure in rats. Methods Using echocardiographic and haemodynamic measurements, the effects of ASId on congestive heart failure (CHF) induced by ligation of the left coronary artery in rats were investigated.ventricle (LV) pressure (dp/dt) in ASId treated groups were significantly increased. Both LV volumes in diastole and in systole were decreased significantly after ASId treatment, accompanied with a trend towards normalization of relative stress. ASId treatment also inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of depressed heart. Conclusion ASId could improve cardiac functions and inhibite compensatory hypertrophy and LV remodelling, which suggests the possibility of ASId as a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of CHF.
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By using decapitating, intravenous injection of saturated MgCl2 and legation of bilateral carotid arteries with vagi, the effects of 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl- amino) propane hydrochloride(DDPH) on survival time in mice were studied. With the model of cerebral ischemia for 20 min and reperfusion for 10 min, effects of DDPH on the superoxide dismutases(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissue and pathological changes were studied. The results indicated that DDPH at dosages of 3,6,12,24 mg*kg-1 ip 30 min before ischemia prolonged the survival time significantly. Meanwhile, DDPH was found to increase the activity of SOD and reduce the content of MDA, as well as mitigate pathological damage of neuron after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice. The results suggest that DDPH has protective effects on brain ischemia.
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Objective To solve the key problem on classification and identification of Salvia miltiorrhiza,which was urgently needed to be solved in breeding of S. miltiorrhiza. Methods Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was carried out to analyze the genetic variation of 48 germplasm in S. miltiorrhiza from different sources. Results The data showd that 120 alleles had been found using 15 pairs of primer which had been selected from 100 pairs. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was used to classify the germplasm of S. miltiorrhiza. Two groups could be divided and three subgroups were contained in every group. Conclusion A complex relationship exists between the genetic distance and space distance of differernt S. miltiorrhiza. The genetic diversity in different geographical populations of S. miltiorrhiza in China is rich. The results show that the genetic distance of different germplasm will increase with the stage of domestication.
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0.05). Conclusions HF could not only relax cerebral vessels, reduce the CVR and enhance the CBF, but also dilate the femoral vessels of CVS dogs. Nevertheless, the latter action was much weaker. Furthermore, there was no relationship between effects of HF on vascular relaxation and contraction activity and the blood vessel endothelium.