Follicular lymphoma with a predominantly diffuse growth pattern with 1p36 deletion: a clinicopathologic analysis of eight cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathologic features and diagnosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) with a predominantly diffuse growth pattern (DFL) with 1p36 deletion. Methods: Eight cases of DFL with 1p36 deletion diagnosed at Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University (n=5) and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital (n=3) from January 2017 to January 2023 were included. Their clinicopathologic features and follow-up data were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Results: There were five males and three females, with a median age of 67 years, and inguinal lymphadenopathy was found as the main symptom. Histologically, similar morphologic features were sheared among all cases, with effaced nodal structure and characterized by proliferation of centrocytes in a diffuse pattern, with or without follicular components. The germinal center-related markers such as CD10 and/or bcl-6 were expressed in the tumor cells, and 1p36 deletion but not bcl-2 translocation was appreciable in these cases. Conclusions: DFL with 1p36 deletion is a rare subtype of FL, with some overlaps with other types of FL or indolent B-cell lymphomas in their pathologic features. An accurate diagnosis requires comprehensive considerations based on their clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features.

Analysis of intestinal microbial diversity in Leopoldamys edwardsi based on illumina sequencing technique / 中华预防医学杂志

To explore the composition and diversity of the intestinal microflora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island. In November 2019, DNA was extracted from fecal samples of 25 adult Leopoldamys edwardsi (14 males and 11 females) in Hainan Island at the Joint Laboratory of tropical infectious diseases of Hainan Medical College and Hong Kong University. Based on the IonS5TMXL sequencing platform, single-end sequencing (Single-End) was used to construct a small fragment library for single-end sequencing. Based on Reads shear filtration and OTUs clustering. The species annotation and abundance analysis of OTUs were carried out by using mothur method and SSUrRNA database, and further conducted α diversity and β diversity analysis. A total of 1481842 high quality sequences, belonging to 14 Phyla, 85 families and 186 Genera, were obtained from 25 intestinal excrement samples of Leopoldamys edwardsi. At the level of phyla classification, the main core biota of the Leopoldamys edwardsi contained Firmicutes (46.04%),Bacteroidetes (25.34%), Proteobacteria (17.09%), Tenericutes (7.38%) and Actinobacteria (1.67%), these five phyla account for 97.52% of all phyla. The ratio of Helicobacter which occupied the largest proportion at the genus level was 12.44%, followed by Lactobacillus (11.39%), Clostridium (6.19%),Mycoplasma (4.23%) and Flavonifractor (3.52%). High throughput sequencing analysis showed that the intestinal flora of Leopoldamys edwardsi in Hainan Island was complex and diverse, which had the significance of further research.

Application of an autoregressive integrated moving average model in prediction of cardiovascular disease mortality / 上海预防医学

Objective:To use autoregressive integrated moving average （ARIMA） model for predicting the mortality of cardiovascular diseases in residents in Yushui District， Jiangxi Province， and to provide basis for developing the prevention and control strategies as well as to promote the continuous optimization of chronic disease prevention and treatment demonstration area. Methods:Based on the cardiovascular death monitoring data of residents in Yushui District， Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2018， Econometrics View 9.0 software was used to construct the ARIMA seasonal adjustment model to predict the monthly cardiovascular death in this area. Results:The monthly death rate of cardiovascular diseases in Yushui showed a long-term rising trend， with an apparent seasonal pattern （a peak of cardiovascular death from December to January each year）. After the original sequence was subjected to first-order difference and first-order seasonal difference， the difference sequence showed good stationarity （P<0.05）. All the theoretical models were listed and their model parameters were calculated respectively. After statistical test （P<0.05）， 7 alternative models for seasonal adjustment of ARIMA were selected. Among them， ARIMA（1，1，1）（1，1，1）12 is the optimal model selected in this study （R2=0.749， Adjustment R2=0.724， AIC=8.454， SC=8.633， HQ=8.515）.And its residual sequence was tested by white noise test （P>0.05）， indicating that the prediction effect was good. Conclusion:ARIMA（1，1，1）（1，1，1） 12 model can accurately simulate the long-term trend and seasonal pattern of cardiovascular disease death in Yushui， and make a scientific prediction of the trend and monthly distribution of cardiovascular disease death in the next three years.

Expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in giant cell tumors of bone and its diagnostic value / 中华病理学杂志

To investigate the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), and its value in the diagnosis of GCTB. Immunohistochemical (IHC) EnVision method was used to detect the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody and p63 in 83 GCTBs, 18 aneurysmal bone cysts, 23 chondroblastomas and 28 osteosarcomas diagnosed at Nanjing Jinling Hospital from June 2001 to April 2019. Among the 83 cases of GCTB, 69 cases (69/83, 83.1%) expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W expression was found exclusively in the mononuclear cell population with strong and diffuse nuclear staining. H3.3 G34W was expressed in 55 of 57 (96.5%) cases of GCTB in long bones, but only 14 of 26 (53.8%) cases of non-long bone GCTB. All recurrent (9/9)/metastatic GCTB (2/2), post-denosumab GCTB (3/3), primary malignant GCTB (3/3) and secondary malignant GCTB (5/5) also expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W was negative in all aneurysmal bone cysts and chondroblastomas. H3.3 G34W was positive in 3 of 28(10.7%) cases of osteosarcomas, and giant cell-rich osteosarcoma(GCRO) was the only histological subtype of osteosarcoma that expressed H3.3 G34W. p63 was expressed in 71.1%(59/83) of GCTB, while the positive rates of p63 in aneurysmal bone cysts,chondroblastomas and osteosarcomas were 3/18, 43.5% (10/23) and 21.4% (6/28) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in the diagnosis of GCTB were 83.1% and 95.7%. H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for GCTB and helpful for the diagnosis of GCTB and its variants. The limitation of this antibody is that as a mall number of GCTB harbor G34 mutation other than G34W, and thus that cannot be detected. The incidental expression of H3.3 G34W mutant protein in osteosarcoma could be a potential diagnostic dilemma, and the results of H3.3 G34W IHC staining needs careful interpretation.

Clinical distribution, virulence factors, and molecular epidemiology of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in Hainan Province in 2016 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate clinical distribution,capsular serotyping,molecular typing,virulence gene carriage,and antimicrobial susceptibility of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains isolated from a hospital in Hainan Province in 2016.Methods Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) isolated from the hospital between January and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively,hvKP strains were selected through string test,antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and compared with classic K.pneumoniae(cKP);capsular serotyping,virulence genes,and drug resistance genes of hvKP strains were detected with polymerase chain reaction,molecular typing was performed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiloeus sequence typing.Results A total of 84 hvKP strains were isolated,the main specimen source was sputum(45 strains);K1 and K2 were the major capsular serotypes of hvKP,while ST23,ST65,and ST86 were the main sequence types of hvKP.The carriage rates of rmpA,aerobatin,allS,kfuBC,and cf29a in hvKP were 90.48％,96.43％,42.86％,66.67％,and 53.57％ respectively,all of them were statistically higher than those of cKP strains,PFGE found that allS was positive only among K1 strains;most antimicrobial resistance rates of hvKP were lower than those of the cKP.Conclusion Sputum is the main specimen source of hvKP,especially K1 serotype;more than 90％ of hvKP strains carry rmpA and aerobatin genes,allS gene only exists in K1 type hvKP.

The influence of pathological network management system on pathological report process / 医学研究生学报

Objective The pathological network management system provides a good working platform for pathological diagnosis, but there are few related reports. In order to give full play to the influence of pathological network management system on the whole process of pathological report, optimize the process of pathological report, and improve the efficiency of process and the quality of pathological report, we statistical analyzed the 41535 pathological reports time in our hospital.Methods The 33696 pathological reports time from the pathology department of our hospital in 2012 and 41535 in 2017 were statistical analyzed, to investigate the influence of the system on the pathological reporting process, which was included pathological specimen reception, information input, technical production, pathological report writing, capture and so on. The failure rates of pathological reports by single-site working mode in 2012 with multi-site working mode in 2017 were compared.Results Among the 33696 pathological reports in 2012, 18482 were outpatients, of which 17779(96.2%) cases were reported in ≤3 days, and 15214 were inpatients, of which 14590 (95.9%) cases were reported in ≤5 days. Among the 41535 pathological reports in 2017, 22832 were outpatients, of which 22271(97.5%) cases were reported in ≤3 days, and 187037 were inpatients, of which 18347 (98.1%) cases were reported in ≤5 days. The failure rate of pathological reports in 2012 was 5.69%, while in 2017 was 1.93%. Pathological network management system was through the whole process of pathologic examination, from the specimen reception, production, diagnosis, application and pathology report card printing.Conclusion The operation process of pathological work is standardized, the labor time of the staff is shortened, the human error is reduced, the quality of the pathological report is improved, and the Objective basis for pathological quality control is provided by using the pathological network management system.

Diagnostic value of immunohistochemistry and FISH for chromosome 12p in type Ⅱ testicular germ cell tumors / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To study the pathological morphology, immunohistochemical characteristics, and molecular changes of type Ⅱ testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and investigate the possible value of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of TGCT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected for this study 97 cases of TGCT, including 75 cases of seminoma, 17 cases of embryonal carcinoma, 11 cases of yolk sac tumor, 16 cases of mature teratoma, 3 cases of immature teratoma, and 1 case of epidermoid cyst, in which normal testicular tissue was found in 20 and non-TGCT in 6. We detected the expressions of different antibodies in various subtypes of TGCT by immunohistochemistry and determined the rate of chromosome 12p abnormality using FISH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immunophenotypes varied with different subtypes of TGCT. SALL4 and PLAP exhibited high sensitivity in all histological subtypes. CD117 and OCT4 showed strongly positive expressions in invasive seminoma and germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) but not in normal seminiferous tubules. GPC3 was significantly expressed in the yolk sac tumor, superior to GATA3 and AFP in both range and intensity. CKpan, OCT4, and CD30 were extensively expressed in embryonal carcinoma, while HCG expressed in choriocarcinoma. The positivity rate of isochromosome 12p and 12p amplification in TGCT was 96.7% (29/30).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The majority of TGCT can be diagnosed by histological observation, but immunohistochemical staining is crucial for more accurate subtypes and valuable for selection of individualized treatment options and evaluation of prognosis. Chromosome 12p abnormality is a specific molecular alteration in type Ⅱ TGCT, which is useful for ruling out other lesions.</p>

Treating Neer two- and three-part of proximal humeral fractures through anterolateral acromial approach and deltopectoral approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical results of treating Neer two- and three-part of proximal humeral fractures between anterolateral acromial approach and deltopectoral approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2009 to December 2012, 49 patients with Neer two- and three-part of proximal humeral fractures were treated with locked plate fixation. In anterolateral acromial approach group, there were 22 patients including 9 males and 13 females with an average of (63.2±7.6) years old, while 27 patients in deltopectoral approach including 12 males and 15 females with an average of (62.9±7.0) years old. Operative time, blood loss during operation, fracture healing time and complications were observed and compared, postoperative Constant-Murley scoring and VAS scoring were applied for evaluate function of shoulder joint and pain at 3 months, 1 and 2 years respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 24 to 41 months with an average of 34.5 months. Operative time, blood loss, fracture healing time in anterolateral acromial approach group was (68.20±7.04) min, (151.30±20.57) ml, (10.88±4.90) weeks respectively, and better than that of in deltopectoral approach group which was (75.81±13.70) min, (242.10±37.25) ml and (13.60±2.45) weeks. Three months after operation, Constant-Murley scoring and VAS score in anterolateral acromial approach group was 88.32±5.45, 0.41±0.63 and better that of in deltopectoral approach group which was 63.53±8.31, 1.65±1.02. There was no significant differences between two groups in Constant-Murley scoring and VAS score at 1 and 2 years after operation. Each group has one case occurred loss of length humerus head height, and there was 1 case with subacromial impingement, 1 case with bolt loose and 2 cases with delayed union in deltopectoral approach. No axillary nerve injury, humeral head necrosis and breakage of internal fixation occurred both of two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both of anterolateral acromial approach and deltopectoral approach are effective in treating Neer two- and three-part of proximal humeral fractures, and can obtain excellent outcomes. Moreover, anterolateral acromial approach has advantage of less trauma, less blood loss, shorter operative time, rapid recovery of shoulder joint function and fracture.</p>

Fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a clinicopathological analysis of 12 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical pathological features of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (FS-DFSP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical history, histopathological features and immunohistochemical characteristics were analyzed in twelve cases of FS-DFSP from January 1997 to February 2011, and related literature were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age of the patients (2 females, 10 males) at diagnosis ranged from 41 to 70 years (mean 53 years). Among the 12 cases of FS-DFSP, 9 cases aroused in recurrent ordinary DFSP. Histologically, FS areas in FS-DFSP were characterized by a fascicular and highly cellular histology, frequently showing a characteristic herringbone pattern. FS-DFSP showed diminishment of CD34 staining in FS areas. The labeling index of Ki-67 was much higher in the FS areas (10%-40%) than that in the conventional DFSP areas (2%-5%). All the patients were treated by operation with local excision or wide excision. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy was administered in two cases respectively. Follow-up information in 9 of 12 patients (9 to 86 months) revealed local recurrence in 6 patients. Distant metastases were seen in two patients. One patient was died in the follow up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FS-DFSP is a rare and unique subtype of DFSP and is associated with significant elevated risk of both local and distance metastasis, usually followed by poor outcome. Compared to ordinary DFSP as a borderline neoplasm, FS-DFSP should be considered as a malignant tumor.</p>

Pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance: a clinicopathologic analysis of 7 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance (PDFSP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical history, histopathological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis were analyzed in seven cases of PDFSP. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the expression of COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene, and related literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the seven patients (4 females, 3 males) was 47 years with the tumors involving mostly the trunk (four cases). Histologically, PDFSP showed a cellular lesion composed of spindle cells arranged in short fascicles that form a distinct storiform pattern, and the pigmented bipolar or multipolar dendritic cells were present with tentacle like processes emanating from a nucleus containing zone. One case showed fibrosarcomatous change. The pigment was tinctorially similar to melanin. The spindle cells were positive for CD34 and vimentin, but negative for HMB45, Melan A, S-100, desmin, CD68 or α-SMA. HMB45, Melan A, S-100 and vimentin were expressed in the melanin containing cells in 4, 4, 5 and 7 cases, respectively. The labeling index of Ki-67 was 1%-8%. Among the 4 cases successfully examined by FISH, 3 showed t(17;22)(q21;q13) which suggested COL1A1/PDGFB fusion gene. Three patients were treated by wide local excision and four were treated by simple surgical excision. Two patients developed recurrences during the follow-up period of 12 to 123 months. Of those treated by wide local excision, none developed recurrence. No patient died in the follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PDFSP is a rare pigmented variant of DFSP and an intermediate grade malignant tumor. The orgin of the tumor cells is still controversial. Surgical pathologists and dermatopathologists need to be aware of the prototypical histological appearance of PDFSP as there is a risk of misdiagonsing it as either pigmented tumors associated with neurocutaneous syndromes or a highly malignant melanocytic neoplasm.</p>

Research on the features of DNA damage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients of normal constitution and abnormal constitution and in high-risk population of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the features of DNA damage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients of normal constitution and abnormal constitution and in high-risk population of NPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using single cell gel electrophoresis technique, the DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected in 28 healthy subjects, 27 in high-risk population of NPC, and 13 NPC patients at their first visits. The DNA damage was detected in the populations of normal constitution and of abnormal constitution. The tail length, the tail moment, and the tail DNA% were taken as the indices of DNA damage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tail length was (35.77 +/- 4.22) microm, the tail moment was (8.10 +/- 1.63) microm, and the tail DNA% was 57.48% +/- 4.63% in NPC patients. They were (15.25 +/- 4.15) microm, (5.01 +/- 1.92) microm, and 31.99% +/- 4. 11% in high-risk population of NPC. They were (14.31 +/- 3.64) microm, (4. 37 +/- 1.80) microm, and 29. 89% +/- 3. 15% in healthy subjects. There was statistical difference in the three indices among the three populations (P <0.05). In all the three populations, more DNA damage existed in those of abnormal constitution than in those of normal constitution (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Obvious instability of genetic materials exists in NPC patients, manifested as severe DNA damage of lymphocytes. In all the three populations, more DNA damage existed in those of abnormal constitution than in those of normal constitution.</p>

Type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, differential diagnosis and prognosis of type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen cases of type II EATL encountered in Department of Pathology, Nanjing General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical data, histologic features, immunohistochemical findings and follow-up information were analyzed, with literature review.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 12 males and 2 females. The median age of patient was 49 years. The sites of involvement included jejunum (10 cases) and ileum/colon (4 cases). The patients often presented with an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constitutional symptoms such as fever, night sweating and cachexia. There was no clinical evidence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Histologically, the lymphoma cells showed full-thickness infiltration of the intestinal wall. They contained round hyperchromatic nuclei and pale cytoplasm. The stroma was minimally inflamed, with or without associated coagulative necrosis. A remarkable finding was the presence of villous atrophy, cryptal hyperplasia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed CD3, CD43 and CD8 (14/14). Some of them were also positive for CD56 (11/14) and CD30 (2/14). The staining for CD4, CD20, CD79a and myeloperoxidase was negative. A high proliferation index was demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostain. In-situ hybridization for EBER was negative. Follow-up data were available in 9 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 36 months. Seven patients died within 14 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EATL is a rare type of lymphoma with intestinal involvement. Associated enteropathy is not demonstrated, in contrast to cases encountered in Nordic countries. A correct diagnosis requires evaluation of clinical manifestations, pathologic features and ancillary study results.</p>

Immunohistochemistry using epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-specific antibodies of delE746-A750 and L858R in lung adenocarcinomas / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the immunohistochemical detection of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutations using two EGFR mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies: delE746-A750 and L858R.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 175 paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples previously genotyped by directive DNA sequencing were subject to immunostaining using delE746-A750 and L858R antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference of mutation detection between DNA sequence analysis and delE746-A750 and/or L858R immunostaining (33.7% vs 30.9%, P > 0.05). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of immunostaining using these two EGFR mutation-specific antibodies were 83.1%, 95.7%, 90.7% and 90.9%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With high sensitivity and good specificity, immunohistochemistry using EGFR mutation-specific monoclonal antibodies is an adequate, easy and cost-effective prescreening method to detect EGFR mutations using paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of lung adenocarcinomas.</p>

Clinicopathological features of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms and prognostic significance of WHO staging system / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the prognostic significance of the new WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathological records were reviewed in 73 patients with colorectal NENs (carcinoids). All slides were retrieved and reviewed, immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method) was performed and follow-up information retrieved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one men and thirty-two women were included with a median age of 53 years (19 - 79 years). The location of the primary tumors in 65 patients was within 10 cm from the anorectal line. In 45 cases, the tumor diameter was ≤ 1 cm (no metastasis occurred); in 11 cases, the tumor diameter was > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm (two patients had metastatic tumors); in 17 cases, the tumor diameter was > 2 cm (12 patients had metastatic tumors). The metastatic rate was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.000). All tumors were immunoreactivity for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A. According to the criteria of WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs, there were 65 cases of neuroendocrine tumors, including 51 cases of grade 1 (G1), 14 cases of grade 2 (G2), 4 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3) and 4 cases of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. Following-up data showed that of the 34 patients with G1 tumor, there were no tumor-related death, but two patients showed metastases, and the remaining patients were disease free for 6 to 179 months. Of the 12 patients with G2 tumors, five developed metastasis, there were two tumor-related deaths, and the nine surviving patients were alive for 17 to 118 months. Of the four G3 patients, all developed metastasis and there were three tumor-related deaths. Of the four mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma there were two tumor-related deaths. The difference of metastatic rate, tumor-related mortality, and overall survival among different grading groups in this series was statistically significant (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm is a group of tumors with distinct prognostic difference, and most of these tumors show an indolent clinical behavior. There is a good correlation between the new WHO classification and staging system of gastroenteropancreatic NENs and their clinical behaviors.</p>

Clinicopathologic features of intestinal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intestinal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features, histopathology, immunohistochemical findings and follow-up data of 14 cases of intestinal NK/T-cell lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 9:5. The medium age of patients was 45 years. The sites of involvement included small intestine (6 cases), colon (6 cases) or both (2 cases). The main clinical manifestations were an abdominal mass, other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, as well as systemic symptoms such as fever and cachexia. Intestinal perforation complicated by acute peritonitis might occur in advanced disease. Histologically, the intestinal wall showed full-thickness infiltration by medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei, prominent inflammatory background, angiocentric/angiodestructive growth pattern and coagulative necrosis. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD3ε, CD43, CD56, granzyme B and perforin. They were negative for CD20, CD79α and MPO. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) showed negative signals. A high proliferative index was demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostaining. Follow-up data of 8 cases were available, with duration of follow up ranging from 0.5 to 36 months. Five patients died within 20 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type primarily involving intestine is rare and tends to carry an aggressive clinical course. The relatively non-specific clinical manifestations of intestinal NK/T-cell lymphoma may result in misdiagnosis in some cases. A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, pathologic features and immunohistochemical findings is essential for definitive diagnosis.</p>

The role of the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in the adipogenesis in hemangioma evolution / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in the adipogenesis in hemangioma evolution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine immunohistochemistry staining of Perilipin A, the marker antigen of adipocytes, was performed to observe the adipogenesis in hemangioma. Immunofluorescence staining of PPAR-gamma, the important transcription factor in promoting adipogenesis, was carried out to observe its location in hemangioma tissue, with the co-staining of alpha-SMA and CD31. And RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of PPAR-gamma gene in hemangioma in different stages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the evolution of hemangioma, the number of adipocytes increased continuously. And the tumor was replaced by fibrofatty tissue finally. PPAR-gamma was located in the nuclei of perivascular cell in hemangioma tissue. The expression of PPAR-gamma gene in hemangioma increased in the evolution of hemangioma, but still was lower than that in normal fat tissue from children.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of PPAR-gamma in the perivascular cells suggests that they may contribute to the adipogenesis in hemangioma involution.</p>

Immunohistochemical study of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and genetic changes of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 25 cases of PEComa located in various anatomic sites were selected for immunohistochemical staining (SP or EnVision method). TFE3 fluorescence in-situ hybridization was also performed to determine the TFE3 gene status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patient ranged from 21 to 61 years (mean = 43 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1: 1.3. Histologically, 22 cases represented conventional angiomyolipomas, composed of a mixture of adipose tissue, spindle element, epithelioid smooth muscle cells and abnormal thick-walled blood vessels in various proportions. Three cases involving lung, soft tissue and broad ligament had subtle but distinctive morphologic features. Nested or sheet-like architecture with epithelioid or spindle cells was observed. Immunohistochemical study showed that HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K were expressed in 80% (20/25), 88% (22/25), 88% (22/25) and 100% (25/25) of PEComa, respectively. Within positive cases, the average proportion of positive tumor cells was 36%, 41%, 35% and 90% respectively for HMB 45, melan A, smooth muscle actin and cathepsin K. TFE3 was negative in all of the 22 renal and hepatic PEComa studied, while it was positive in the 3 cases of extra-hepatorenal PEComa. None of the 25 cases exhibited evidence of TFE3 gene fusion or amplification.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extra-hepatorenal PEComa have distinctive morphologic features and are associated with TFE3 overexpression. Cathepsin K immunostaining demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in PEComa, better than other commonly employed immunomarkers. This marker is thus useful in diagnosis of PEComa and distinction with other neoplasms.</p>

Relevance of molecular alterations in histopathologic subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma based on 2011 International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relevance of molecular alterations and histopathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma according to 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 18-21 exons (E18-21), KRAS 12/13 codons and EML4-ALK fusion in 212 cases of lung adenocarcinoma which underwent complete tumor resection, were detected by immunohistochemistry, PCR-amplifying and gene sequencing. The relevance of the molecular alterations to histopathological subtypes based on the new classification and 2004 WHO classification were further characterized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mutations of EGFR were observed in 49.6% of lung adenocarcinomas, involving mainly E21 (52.4%, 55/105) and E19 (36.2%, 38/105). Mutations of KRAS were detected in 8% cases of adenocarcinoma, involving mainly codon 12 (15/17). EML4-ALK fusions were found in 6.1% of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common fusion mutation was type V1 (E13; A20) (7/13), followed by type V3a/b (E6a/b; A20) (4/13). Based on the new classification, 7/10 lepidic, 63.2% (48/76) papillary, and 5/8 micropapillary predominant adenocarcinomas harbored EGFR mutations. EGFR mutations showed significant difference among different histological subtypes (P = 0.008). KRAS mutations were most frequently found in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (1/2), followed by colloid predominant adenocarcinoma (3/7). There was significant difference of KRAS mutations among different histological subtypes (P = 0.003). EML4-ALK fusions were most frequently found in the solid predominant with mucin production subtype (15.4%, 6/39), followed by colloid predominant adenocarcinoma (1/7), and no significant difference of EML4-ALK fusions was found among different histological subtypes (P = 0.181). Significant TTF-1 overexpression was observed in adenocarcinomas harbored EGFR mutations (P = 0.008), and no or significantly lower level expression of TTF-1 was observed in adenocarcinomas harbored KRAS mutations (P = 0.000). However, there was no association between TTF-1 expression and EML4-ALK fusions (P = 0.274). Based on the 2004 WHO classification, mutations of KRAS (P = 0.002) and EML4-ALK (P = 0.000), rather than EGFR (P = 0.502), showed significant differences among different subtypes. According to both classification systems, the difference of "triple negative" adenocarcinomas was not significant among different subtypes (P = 0.684, P = 0.449, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new classification, combined with TTF-1 immunomarker, can help to predict the molecular alterations of EGFR and KRAS genes, but can not indicate the EML4-ALK fusion in lung adenocarcinoma. Lepidic, papillary, and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinomas with TTF-1 expression are closely related to the presence of EGFR mutation, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, while colloid predominant adenocarcinoma without TTF-1 expression is closely related to the presence of KRAS mutation.</p>

Prognostic significance of a newly proposed grading and scoring system in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prognostic significance of a new grading and scoring system (based on the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification) in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma, as compared with the WHO grading system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic characteristics of 125 patients with stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma primarily treated by surgical resection were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were classified according to the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification and graded into three prognostic groups based on the new classification, the Sica scoring system and the WHO grading system, respectively. The differences in prognosis of the three groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a statistically significant correlation between the new grading system and the WHO grading system (P = 0.000). Both of them showed negative correlation with overall survival. The new scoring system however better correlated with disease recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.855, P = 0.073 versus P = 0.011). According to univariate Log-rank test, the prognosis correlated with tumor size (P = 0.004), clinical stage (P = 0.000), the WHO grading (P = 0.020), the new grading system (P = 0.000), the new scoring system (P = 0.000), vascular invasion (P = 0.021), and recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.000). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that clinical stage (P = 0.014), the new grading system (P = 0.047), the new scoring system (P = 0.043), and recurrence and/or metastasis (P = 0.018) were significantly independent poor prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new grading and scoring system shows good correlation with the WHO grading system. Compared with the WHO grading system, the new scoring system based on the new IASLC/ATS/ERS classification provides valuable information in categorizing stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases with different risks of disease recurrence, tumor metastasis and prognosis.</p>

Association of serum lipid profile with distant metastasis in breast cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to investigate whether the presence of distant metastases is associated with serum lipid abnormalities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fasting serum lipid profile and various clinicopathological data of 324 breast cancer patients with and without synchronous distant metastases were collected and analyzed. The serum lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was determined. The nutritional status, the serum albumin was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were carried out to investigate the association of serum lipid profile with distant metastases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis showed that the distant metastasis rate was significantly higher in the breast cancer patients with an higher level of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum levels of TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were independent risk factors for distant metastasis in breast cancer (OR = 2.324, 2.648 and 4.862, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hyperlipidemia is significantly associated with the distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. Monitoring of serum lipid profile may be helpful to predict the occurrence of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients.</p>