Research progress of long-term efficacy after implantation of implantable collamer lens V4c / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

With the rapid development of science and technology and the wide application of electronic products, the number of patients with high myopia is gradually increasing. Meanwhile, owing to the continuous optimization of surgical skils and the continuous advancement in materials of posterior chamber intraocular lens and manufacturing processes, implantable collamer lens(ICL)V4c implantation has gradually become one of the main surgeries for the treatment of high myopia. In the rapid era of social information, people pay more attention to the long-term efficacy after ICL V4c implantation, they not only want clear vision, but also the pursuit of visual comfort and durability. Therefore, this paper will specifically discuss the research progress of the post-implantation efficacy of ICL V4c with at least 2 a of follow-up observation within 3 a, aiming to review the latest research progress on the long-term efficacy of ICL V4c implantation from the three dimensions of visual quality, safety, efficacy and stability and possible surgical complications after ICL V4c implantation.

Characteristics of anterior segment structure in first-degree relatives of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the characteristics of anterior segment structure in first-degree relatives of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).METHODS: A total of 48 first-degree relatives of PACG patients aged 40-60 who were treated in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2020 to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. Additionally, 40 cases(40 eyes)of healthy individuals without glaucoma and family history of glaucoma at the same age group were collected as the control group. They were divided into younger group(40-49 years old)and elder group(50-60 years old). All subjects were examined with ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)and were measured using camera measure software. The parameters mainly included anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber area(ACA), anterior chamber width(ACW), anterior segment depth(ASD), angle open distance(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA), trabecular iris area(TISA500), lens vault(LV), iris curve(IC), iris thickness(IT500), scleral ciliary process angle(SCPA), and iris ciliary process distance(ICPD).RESULTS: ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500 and TIA in the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and LV and IC were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500, and TIA of the elder group were lower than those in the age-matched control group, while LV and IC were larger than those of the age-matched control group(all P<0.05). ACD, AOD500, TISA500, and TIA of the younger observation group were smaller than those of the age-matched control group, but LV and IC were significantly larger than those of the age-matched control group(all P<0.05). ACD, ACA, AOD500, TISA500 and TIA of the elder observation group were significantly lower than those of the younger observation group, and LV and IC were significantly larger than those of the younger observation group(all P<0.05). There was a difference in the distribution of ACD between the observation group and the control group(P<0.05), and the proportion of moderate to severe shallow anterior chambers was 10 times that of the control group. Correlation analysis showed that TISA500 was positively correlated with ACD and ACA, and negatively correlated with LV and IC, and TISA500 was mainly influenced by LV. IC had a positive correlation with LV and a negative correlation with ACD and ACA.CONCLUSION: First-degree relatives of PACG with normal axial length have a high risk of angle closure. The anterior segment structures of first-degree relatives of PACG are more crowded than normal individuals, and the lens forward shift may be the initial influencing factor for narrow angle.

Mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on intestinal microecology / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a multisystem disease associated with obesity， insulin resistance， and dyslipidemia and has a complex pathogenesis. Studies have shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with the onset of NAFLD， and traditional Chinese medicine treatment can improve the laboratory markers and clinical symptoms of NAFLD patients by regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. This article elaborates on the association between NAFLD and gut microbiota， the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD， and the possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment in improving NAFLD from the perspective of gut microbiota， in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of NAFLD.

Regulatory effect and mechanism of macrophage polarization in liver fibrosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Liver fibrosis is the healing reaction of chronic liver injury caused by various factors such as viral infection， alcohol， and chemical substances and is a key link in the progression of chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver macrophages are considered important mediators of liver injury and repair， and the polarization trend of macrophages has a bidirectional regulatory effect on liver fibrosis. This article reviews the role of different phenotypes of liver macrophages in the development and progression of liver fibrosis， in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals that metabolic characteristics define the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment via iCAF transformation in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a representative hypoxic tumor, has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment. To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in OSCC, Single cell (SC) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed. The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data. The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism, and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-, normal-, or hypometabolic regions. CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-β expression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others. Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis, it was found that in the hypermetabolic region, fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs), and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12. The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC, ST and TCGA bulk data, and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of ICI.Methods:The general data, immune-related adverse events (irAE) type, onset time, severity and ICI efficacy of patients with malignant tumors who developed irAE after receiving ICI in China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2019 and November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into multisystem irAE group and single system irAE group according to whether patients with more than 1 organ or system developed irAE for once. The occurrence of irAE was summarized, and the clinical characteristics of patients were compared. Progression-free survival analysis was not performed owing to the pause of immunotherapy caused by some irAE, so the efficacy of ICI was evaluated by using ICI treatment duration (TD).Results:A total of 47 patients with malignant tumors and irAE were included in this study, with 70 times of irAE in total. The median onset time was 90 d (35 d, 196 d). Among them, 12 patients (25.53%) developed multisystem irAE (32 times of irAE in total); the other 35 patients (74.47%) developed single system irAE (38 times of irAE in total). Cutaneous toxicity for 7 times, thyroid toxicity for 7 times and pulmonary toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among multisystem irAE group; pulmonary toxicity for 13 times, thyroid toxicity for 12 times and cutaneous toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among single system irAE group. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients stratified by age, gender, the combination of other treatments and different body mass between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The median follow-up time was 20 months (9-40 months). The median TD of ICI was 16.00 months (95% CI 3.62-31.22 months) in multisystem irAE group and 4.60 months (95% CI 4.12-11.30 months) in single system irAE group; TD in multisystem irAE group was longer than that in single system irAE group, and the difference was statistically significant ( HR = 0.413, 95% CI 0.202-0.844, P = 0.038). Conclusions:The efficacy of ICI in patients with malignant tumors and multisystem irAE is better than that in those with single system irAE. It suggests that the better efficacy of ICI may be associated with greater risk of irAE. There is no significant difference in the clinical features between multisystem irAE and single system irAE.

Development, application and practical experience of clinical research integration platform of a third-class hospital in Beijing / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the development, application and practical experience of investigator-initiated integrated clinical research information platform.Methods:The process of developing and constructing an integrated clinical research platform in a tertiary hospital in Beijing was introduced, the functions and advantages of the platform were described and displayed, and the main problems and risk points in the development and construction process were analyzed.Results:The integrated clinical research platform meets the management requirements of clinical research initiated by investigators, and the standardized management of the whole life cycle of the project can be realized through the platform, and the key issues of data security, information capture, sharing and interoperability need to be further explored in terms of platform docking.Conclusions:The integrated clinical research platform effectively improves the standardization, management quality and efficiency of investigator-initiated clinical research.

Analysis of the concordance between imaging and histopathologic finds in patients with retinoblastoma optic nerve invasion / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To analyze the consistency of clinical imaging and clinicopathological finds of retinoblastoma (RB) optic nerve invasion.Methods:A retrospective case study. Fifteen children with 15 eyes who were diagnosed with RB and underwent enucleation at the Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital from November 2017 to January 2022 were included in the study. Among them, there were 9 males with 9 eyes and 6 females with 6 eyes. The mean age was 1.75±1.61 years. All affected eyes were designated International Classification of Retinoblastoma group E. There were 7 cases with secondary neovascularization glaucoma, 2 cases with closed funnel-shaped detachment of the retina and tumor touching the posterior capsule of the crystal, and 6 cases with tumor touching the back surface of the crystal and posterior chamber of the 15 children. All children underwent CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among them, CT examination was performed in 4 cases, MRI examination in 4 cases, and MRI and CT examination in 7 cases. All the children underwent eyeball enucleation, paraffin sections were taken from the eyeball, and sagittal section of the eyeball with optic nerve tissue was taken for pathological examination. Imaging diagnosis was based on optic nerve thickening and/or enhancement. The pathological diagnosis was based on the growth of RB tumor cells across the post-laminar of optic nerve. The pathological diagnosis was based on the growth of RB tumor cells across the sieve plate. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of imaging examination. The sensitivity, PPV and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of imaging examination were obtained based on the confusion matrix. With pathology as the gold standard, intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test the consistency of imaging and pathology. Results:All the 15 cases were diagnosed with RB by pathological examination. Of the 15 cases, 7 cases were diagnosed with RB optic nerve invasion by imaging and 8 cases without nerve invasion; 12 cases of RB optic nerve invasion were diagnosed by pathology after operation. Three cases without nerve invasion. Among them, 4 cases had identical imaging and pathological findings. The sensitivity and PPV of MRI and CT were 0.33 (95% CI 0.11-0.64) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.20-0.88), respectively. The value of AUC (the area under the curve) in the ROC curve of MRI and CT were 0.51 (95% CI 0.24-0.77) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.25-0.78), respectively. The AUC values of both were 0.5-0.7, indicating low diagnostic accuracy. ICC test evaluated the consistency of MRI and CT with pathological examination, 0.61 (95% CI 0.97-0.87) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.12-0.88) for MRI and CT, respectively. Therefore, the consistency of MRI, CT and pathology was moderate. Conclusion:Compared with the pathological findings, the sensitivity and accuracy of MRI and CT in the diagnosis of RB optic nerve post-laminar invasion are lower, and the consistency between MRI and CT with pathology is only moderate.

Early and mid-term results of surgical treatment for complete atrioventricular septal defect / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To summarize the results of surgical treatment for complete atrioventricular septal defect(CAVSD) in early and middle stages.Methods:147 children with CAVSD in Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center from January 2010 to December 2019 were selected, Males 85, females 62, median age of surgery 5 months(1 months-10 years old), median body mass 5.5 kg(2.4-20.9 kg). Complete atrioventricular septal defect was diagnosed by ultrasonic cardiogram before surgery. All the children underwent atrial ventricular valve formation and underwent simultaneous repair.Outpatient follow-up was planned.Ultrasonic cardiogram and electrocardiogram were performed. SPSS 22 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:All 147 CAVSD patients underwent one-time surgical correction.Early postoperative death occurred in 7 cases(4.76%). The causes of death were: 3 cases of pulmonary hypertension crisis, 3 cases of severe mitral insufficiency(MI), 1 case of postoperative malignant arrhythmia, and the rest of the children were cured and discharged. Permanent pacemaker was installed in 3 patients due to atrioventricular block(AVB). The follow-up time was 1-10 years old, and 2 patients died in late stage: 1 patient did not seek medical treatment in time due to infection, and 1 patient had unknown cause. Five patients underwent secondary surgery: 4 due to severe mitral/tricuspid insufficiency(MI/TI) and 1 due to delayed AVB. The mid-term follow-up showed 9 cases of severe MI and 4 cases of severe TI. Compared with children with surgical age<3 months and ≥3 months, there were statistically significant differences in postoperative ventilator-assisted ventilation time, severe MI before postoperative discharge and total mortality between the two groups( P<0.05). Mid-term follow-up results showed no difference between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences in surgical age, postoperative CICU stay time and total hospital stay between the children with trisomy 21-syndrome and those without trisomy 21-syndrome( P<0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups in mid-term follow-up results. Residual shunt of 1-3 mm VSD was found in 29 cases, 26 cases were closed during follow-up, and 3 cases had smaller residual shunt. Conclusion:Modified single patch technique treatment of CAVSD has good effect, low mortality and low re-operation rate. But age <3 months group, infant mortality was significantly increased, the duration of postoperative mechanical assisted ventilation was prolonged, and the proportion of early postoperative severe MI was high.Severe MI and TI is easy to occur after CAVSD, which requires long-term follow-up and timely treatment. The children with trisomy 21-syndrome were similar to those with normal chromosome except for longer stay in ICU and total hospital stay.

Anaiysis on the strategy of promoting COVID-19 vaccination for the elderly in China / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveCOVID-19 vaccination is critical for pandemic control， especially in the elderly. Compared with developed countries， the rate of full vaccination and booster vaccination for the elderly in China is low， making it urgent to accelerate the process of vaccination for the elderly in China. MethodsThis study summarizes the policy experiences of the United Kingdom， the United States， Singapore， and South Korea by sorting relevant literature and government websites， analyzes the current performance and reasons for COVID-19 vaccination among the elderly in China， and explores strategic suggestions for improving COVID-19 vaccination in the elderly in terms of vaccination priority groups， service provision， and vaccination intention. ResultsIt is important to vaccination rate for the elderly in China by focusing on the priority vaccination population， establishing a permanent mechanism based on the family doctor system， and increasing the willingness to vaccinate. ConclusionContinued reinforcement of COVID-19 vaccination for the elderly is needed， and the existing vaccination model is overwhelming. We should establish a permanent mechanism based on the family doctor system to transfer from a mobilization model to a regular vaccination model.

Back-forward bending CT in simulated surgical position to evaluate the remaining real angle and flexibility of thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to old osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To introduce a scout view scanning technique of back-forward bending CT (BFB-CT) in simulated surgical position for evaluating the remaining real angle and flexibility of thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to old osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.@*METHODS@#A total of 28 patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to old osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who met the selection criteria between June 2018 and December 2021 were included in the study. There were 6 males and 22 females with an average age of 69.5 years (range, 56-92 years). The injured vertebra were located at T 10-L 2, including 11 cases of single thoracic fracture, 11 cases of single lumbar fracture, and 6 cases of multiple thoracolumbar fractures. The disease duration ranged from 3 weeks to 36 months, with a median of 5 months. All patients received examinations of BFB-CT and standing lateral full-spine X-ray (SLFSX). The thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), local kyphosis of injured vertebra (LKIV), lumbar lordosis (LL), and the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured. Referring to the calculation method of scoliosis flexibility, the kyphosis flexibility of thoracic, thoracolumbar, and injured vertebra were calculated respectively. The sagittal parameters measured by the two methods were compared, and the correlation of the parameters measured by the two methods was analyzed by Pearson correlation.@*RESULTS@#Except LL ( P>0.05), TK, TLK, LKIV, and SVA measured by BFB-CT were significantly lower than those measured by SLFSX ( P<0.05). The flexibilities of thoracic, thoracolumbar, and injured vertebra were 34.1%±18.8%, 36.2%±13.8%, and 39.3%±18.6%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the sagittal parameters measured by the two methods were positively correlated ( P<0.001), and the correlation coefficients of TK, TLK, LKIV, and SVA were 0.900, 0.730, 0.700, and 0.680, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to old osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture shows an excellent flexibility and BFB-CT in simulated surgical position can obtain the remaining real angle which need to be corrected surgically.

Advances in the study of examination methods for dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms. In recent years, the incidence of dry eye has been increasing year by year, and the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are constantly evolving and innovating. However, due to the corresponding drawbacks of traditional examination methods and the lack of a large number of clinical trial studies on new examination methods, there is still no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. In this review, we have performed a broad search for articles discussing different examination methods for dry eye, including promising diagnostic tools and technique, the latest advances, and contradictions, in order to provide a review of dry eye examination methods including the tear volume, the tear film, the eyelid and meibomian gland, and the degree of damage to the epithelial cells of the ocular surface, and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye.

Fetal ECG Detection System Based on WiFi Data Transmission / 中国医疗器械杂志

Fetal ECG monitoring is a routine clinical detection method that can reflect the changes of fetal heart in utero in real time. At present, most of the clinical fetal heart rate detection adopts the ultrasonic Doppler method, which is technically difficult and highly specialized in operation and expensive. This study introduces a fetal ECG detection system based on the maternal abdominal electrode method. The weak fetal ECG changes are sensed through the maternal abdominal electrode, and the mixed ECG signal is obtained through the corresponding amplification and filtering circuit. Finally, the obtained signal is passed through WiFi, transmitted to the host computer. The host computer uses the adaptive filtering algorithm to estimate the fetal ECG signal. The system has strong feasibility, low operation expertise, low cost, and is more convenient.

A Ventricular Fibrillation Recognition Method Based on Random Forest and BP Neural Network / 中国医疗器械杂志

Ventricular fibrillation is the most common pathophysiological mechanism leading to cardiac arrest. If cardiac arrest can be rescued in time, the survival rate of patients can be greatly improved. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of ventricular fibrillation is extremely important. This paper proposes an automatic detection algorithm for ventricular fibrillation based on random forest and BP (back propagation) neural network. Pass the ECG signal through a 6 s moving window, calculate 6 kinds of characteristic parameters according to the time-frequency domain information of the signal, use these 6 kinds of characteristic parameters as the input of the classifier, carry out classification and test, and give the authoritative experts in the database. A total of 44 cases of related data were used to evaluate the method. The results show that using the ten-fold cross-validation method, the accuracy of classification of ventricular fibrillation in the CU database (Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database) and the AHA database (the American Heart Association Database) has reached 96.38% and 99.45%, which has certain applicability.

An Atrial Fibrillation Classification Method Study Based on BP Neural Network and SVM / 中国医疗器械杂志

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia, and its diagnosis is interfered by many factors. In order to achieve applicability in diagnosis and improve the level of automatic analysis of atrial fibrillation to the level of experts, the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation is very important. This study proposes an automatic detection algorithm for atrial fibrillation based on BP neural network (back propagation network) and support vector machine (SVM). The electrocardiogram (ECG) segments in the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database are divided into 10, 32, 64, and 128 heartbeats, respectively, and the Lorentz value, Shannon entropy, K-S test value and exponential moving average value are calculated. These four characteristic parameters are used as the input of SVM and BP neural network for classification and testing, and the label given by experts in the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database is used as the reference output. Among them, the use of atrial fibrillation in the MIT-BIH database, the first 18 cases of data are used as the training set, and the last 7 cases of data are used as the test set. The results show that the accuracy rate of 92% is obtained in the classification of 10 heartbeats, and the accuracy rate of 98% is obtained in the latter three categories. The sensitivity and specificity are both above 97.7%, which has certain applicability. Further validation and improvement in clinical ECG data will be done in next study.

Analysis of CSF3R Gene Mutations and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with t(8;21) Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the occurrence of CSF3R mutation in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its correlation with some clinical parameters.@*METHODS@#The clinical and laboratory data of 167 newly diagnosed AML patients with t(8;21) translocation were analyzed retrospectively. High-throughput DNA sequencing technology combined with Sanger sequencing method was used to detect 112 gene mutations. The occurrence of CSF3R gene mutation and its influence on the remission rate after chemotherapy were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 167 patients with t(8;21) AML, 15 patients (9.0%) carried CSF3R mutations, including 6 cases of membrane proximal region mutations and 9 cases of truncation mutations in the cytoplasmic tail. The most common coexisting mutations of CSF3R were KIT (40.0%), TET2 (33.3%), DNMT3A (26.7%), FLT3 (20.0%), CBL (20.0%), IDH1 (13.3%), etc. Compared with the wild type, the CSF3R mutant group had a higher mutation rate of DNA methylation-related genes（P <0.001）. The median peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count of patients with CSF3R gene mutation was 5.80 (3.20-8.56)×109/L at initial diagnosis, which was significantly lower than 8.80 (5.26-19.92)×109/L of the CSF3R wild-type patients (P =0.017). There was no significant difference between the two groups in sex, median age, FAB classification, hemoglobin level, platelet count, etc. (P >0.05). The CR rate of the CSF3R gene mutation group (100%) was significantly higher than that of the wild-type group (86.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The CSF3R gene mutation group had a significantly higher CD19 positive rate and a higher -X rate than the wild group (86.7% vs 47.4%, P =0.004; 33.3% vs 13.2%, P =0.037).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a high incidence of CSF3R mutation in t (8;21) AML patients. The clinical characteristics and coexisting mutation genes of CSF3R mutation-positive patients are different from those of wild-type patients.

Component identification and analysis in vivo of Sanhan Huashi formula / 中国中药杂志

Sanhan Huashi formula(SHF) is the intermediate of a newly approved traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Sanhan Huashi Granules for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The chemical composition of SHF is complex since it contains 20 single herbal medicines. In this study, UHPLC-Orbitrap Exploris 240 was used to identify the chemical components in SHF and in rat plasma, lung and feces after oral administration of SHF, and heat map was plotted for characterizing the distribution of the chemical components. Chromatographic separation was conducted on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) using 0.1% formic acid(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phases in a gradient elution. Electrospray ionization(ESI) source was used to acquire data in positive and negative mode. By reference to quasi-molecular ions and MS/MS fragment ions and in combination with MS spectra of reference substances and compound information in literature reports, 80 components were identified in SHF, including 14 flavonoids, 13 coumarins, 5 lignans, 12 amino-compounds, 6 terpenes and 30 other compounds; 40 chemical components were identified in rat plasma, 27 in lung and 56 in feces. Component identification and characterization of SHF in vitro and in vivo lay foundations for disclosure of its pharmacodynamic substances and elucidation of the scientific connotation.

The degradation of plastics and the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) / 生物工程学报

In recent years, the petroleum-based plastic pollution problem has been causing global attention. The idea of "degradation and up-cycling of plastics" was proposed for solving the environmental pollution caused by non-degradable plastics. Following this idea, plastics would be firstly degraded and then reconstructed. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be produced from the degraded plastic monomers as a choice to recycle among various plastics. PHA, a family of biopolyesters synthesized by many microbes, have attracted great interest in industrial, agricultural and medical sectors due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, thermoplasticity and carbon neutrality. Moreover, the regulations on PHA monomer compositions, processing technology, and modification methods may further improve the material properties, making PHA a promising alternative to traditional plastics. Furthermore, the application of the "next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB)" utilizing extremophiles for PHA production is expected to enhance the PHA market competitiveness, promoting this environmentally friendly bio-based material to partially replace petroleum-based products, and achieve sustainable development with carbon-neutrality. This review summarizes the basic material properties, plastic upcycling via PHA biosynthesis, processing and modification methods of PHA, and biosynthesis of novel PHA.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of occupational noise deafness in Nantong Area in 2017- 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of occupational noise induced deafness (ONID) in Nantong area and analyze the risk factors. Methods A total of 421 workers in hydropower industry who underwent physical examination in the outpatient clinic of Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects.168 workers without ONID were divided into control group, and 253 workers diagnosed with ONID were divided into ONID group. The expression levels of serum cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results There were more males than females in both groups (P<0.05). With the increase of working age, the detection rate of ONID also increased significantly (P<0.05). The hearing thresholds of left and right ears in workers of different workplaces in the ONID group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the hearing thresholds of workers in water wheel room and water machine operation duty room were higher (P<0.05). The expression levels of cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum of ONID patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that workplace, serum cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α were the main influencing factors for ONID. Conclusion Workplace, serum cortisol, IL-6 and TNF-α are all risk factors for ONID. Appropriate measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss according to the influencing factors.

Current status and prospects of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer / 中华外科杂志

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor. About 75% of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent radical surgical resection will still experience postoperative recurrence. Neoadjuvant therapy could improve outcomes in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer,has become a consensus;however it is still controversial in resectable pancreatic cancer. Limited high-quality randomized controlled trial studies support the routine initiation of neoadjuvant therapy in resectable pancreatic cancer. With the development of new technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, imaging omics, and organoids, patients are expected to benefit from the precision screening of potential candidates for neoadjuvant therapy and individualized treatment strategy.