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Objective To examine the effect of high intensity interval training(HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training(MICT) on the body component,serum globular adiponectin and skeletal muscle autophagy in C57BL/6 mice.Methods Thirty-six four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control group,MICT group and HIIT groups.The MICT group underwent 60 minutes' aerobic continuous treadmill training at 12 m/min(75％ VO2max) once a day,5 times/week for 6 weeks,while the HIIT group exercised for 1min at 20 m/min(85％ VO2max) followed by 1 min at 8 m/min (50％ VO2max) for alternating 12 cycles.The body weight,body mass index(BMI),total body water,fat mass and citrate synthase(CS) of the quadriceps femoris were measured using ImpediVET experimental animal body composition analyzer.Mice were sacrificed after the analysis,and the level of serum gAcrp30 was detected using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of pAMPK-Thr172,LC3II/I,Beclin1 and p62 protein in skeletal muscle tissues.Results After 6-week exercise,the body weight of MICT and HIIT mice decreased significantly compared with the sedentary control group.BMI and fat mass of the HIIT group were significantly lower than the control group,but there were no significant differences between the MICT and control groups in the above two measurements.The activity of CS and serum gAcrp30 in HIIT group was significantly higher than the control group.Moreover,the expression of pAMPK-Thr172,LC3II/I and Beclin1 increased significantly in the skeletal muscle after HIIT intervention while the expression of p62 decreased compared with the control group.Conclusion Compared with the MICT,HIIT has more significant effects to reduce body fat and BMI,and activate the autophagy of skeletal muscles.
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Objective To study the effects of 6-week aerobic treadmill exercise on the genes expression in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice.Gene array was performed and the data was analyzed to evaluate the adaptive changes at gene level caused by exercise.Methods Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups:control group(C) and aerobic exercise group (E).The mice from group E were forced to run on treadmill for 6 weeks.After 6 weeks,all mice were fasted for 16 hours,and then sacrificed.Their flexor muscle was removed.4 samples from each group were analyzed with gene chips to dissect the differentially expressed genes between the two groups.Results Our results showed that 723 genes were differentially expressed in E group as compared with C group after the 6 weeks aerobic exercise,among which 510 genes were up-and 213 down-regulated.There were 6 differentially expressed calcium signaling genes and 2 ofwhich(Gnall and Pdgfra) were up-regulated,while the others(Phka1,Picd4,RYR1 and Ppid)were down regulated.
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Objective To investigate the effects of mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway on the development of insulin resistantce. Methods 20 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal diet group (NC) and high fat diet group (HF).HF mice were fed with high fat diet for 14 weeks and insulin resistance was confirmed in all mice. We observed the morphology of pancreatic islet by HE staining. Serum insulin concentration was also evaluated by ELISA. Northern blot, Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect mTOR and S6K1 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle. Results As compared with NC group,HF group showed that the body weight and fasting serum insulin level were increased by 21.99%(P＜0.05) and 181.82%(P＜0.01) respectively;the area of pancreatic islet was significantly increased;glucose tolerance was impaired;expressions of mTOR mRNA (125.61±10.43 vs 100.00, P＜0.05) and protein (137.41±7.86 vs 100.00, P＜0.01) were significantly increased. And we also found an significant increase in total S6K1 mRNA (154.98±16.26 vs 100.00, P＜0.01) and protein (137.36±3.08 vs 100.00,P＜0.01) as well as pS6K1 protein (390.15±69.62 vs 50.59±16.65,P＜0.01)expression in HF group as compared with NC group.Conclusions mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of higt fat diet induced insulin resistance.
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Long period of constipation will affect the health of the elderly people. The constipation of the elderly people often appears deficient characteristics. In TCM, the principles of tonifying the spleen for helping digestion, simultaneously applying of moistening and subduing, and wanning and supplementing the Vital Gate are commonly used.