Regulation of EMT in lung cancer cells by interaction of Hsp90 and SIRT1 / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and evaluate its effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:EMT model was established by treating lung cancer A549 cells with 5 μg/L transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which was used as TGF-β1 group, and the normal lung cancer A549 cells were used as control group. The interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 in lung cancer A549 cells was detected by immunocoprecipitation method. The expression of Hsp90 gene was silenced by RNA interference technique, and the cells were divided into TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90-neg group and TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group. Transwell invasion assay was used to investigate the effect of the interaction of Hsp90 and SIRT1 on the invasion ability of lung cancer A549 cells. The expressions of Hsp90, SIRT1, E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by Western blotting. The effect of inhibiting Hsp90 expression on the stability of SIRT1 protein and EMT of lung cancer A549 cells was observed.Results:After 48 h induction with TGF-β1, EMT characteristics of lung cancer A549 cells were induced successfully. The relative expression levels of Hsp90 protein in the control group and TGF-β1 group were 0.45±0.05 and 1.31±0.06, respectively, the relative expression levels of SIRT1 protein were 0.29±0.04 and 0.95±0.08, respectively, and there were statistically signigicant differences ( t=10.98, P=0.018; t=7.39, P=0.028). The results of immunocoprecipitation showed that there was an interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 protein in lung cancer A549 cells. The relative expression levels of Hsp90 in the TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90-neg group and TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group were 0.75±0.07, 0.63±0.06 and 0.23±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=18.85, P=0.012). The relative expression levels of SIRT1 in the above three groups were 0.99±0.08, 0.97±0.12 and 0.35±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=16.52, P=0.014). The expression levels of Hsp90 and SIRT1 in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group were significantly lower than those in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.019, P=0.016). The numbers of cells passing Matrigel in the above three groups were 378.13±27.70, 323.52±19.82 and 142.51±22.54, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=27.35, P=0.022). The number of cells passing Matrigel in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group was significantly less than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.028). The relative expression levels of E-cadherin in the above three groups were 0.31±0.02, 0.34±0.04 and 0.63±0.05, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=19.39, P=0.031). The relative expression levels of vimentin in the above three groups were 0.33±0.02, 0.27±0.05 and 0.09±0.03, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( F=12.58, P=0.012). The expression level of E-cadherin in the TGF-β1+ siRNA-Hsp90 group was significantly higher than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.017), while the expression level of vimentin was significantly lower than that in the TGF-β1 group ( P=0.023). Conclusion:Hsp90 interacts with SIRT1, and Hsp90 inhibition can lead to the decrease of SIRT1 protein level. Hsp90 may play a role of molecular chaperone to maintain the conformation stability of SIRT1, and the interaction between Hsp90 and SIRT1 may be one of the molecular mechanisms for the occurrence of EMT and the enhancement of invasion ability of lung cancer A549 cells.

Molecular cytogenetic study of a case with ring chromosome 15 / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a patient featuring developmental delay.@*METHODS@#The patient and her parents were subjected to G- and C-banded chromosomal karyotyping analysis. The proband was also analyzed by single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array). The result was verified by using fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR).@*RESULTS@#The proband's karyotype was ascertained as 46,XX, r(15)(p11.2q26.3)[92]/45,XX,-15[9]/46,XX, dic r(15)(p11.2q26.3;p11.2q26.3)[4]. SNP-array revealed that she has carried a de novo deletion at 15q26.3 (98 957 555-102 429 040) spanning approximately 3.4 Mb, which encompassed the IGF1R gene. qPCR has confirmed haploinsufficiency of exons 3, 10 and 20 of the IGF1R gene. Both of her parents had a normal karyotype.@*CONCLUSION@#The abnormal phenotype of the proband may be attributed to the microdeletion at 15q26.3, in particular haploinsuffiency of the IGF1R gene and instability of the ring chromosome. Cytogenetic method combined with SNP-array and qPCR can efficiently delineate chromosomal aberrations and provide accurate information for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Genetic study of a child with developmental delay and mental retardation / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child with developmental delay and mental retardation.@*METHODS@#Chromosomal karyotype of the child was analyzed by G-, C- and N-banding techniques. Her genome DNA was analyzed with single nucleotide polymorphisms array (SNP array). The result was validated by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).@*RESULTS@#The karyotype of the child was ascertained as 46,XX,r(22)(p12q13). SNP array has revealed a deletion of approximately 1.4 Mb at 22q13.33 (49 802 963-51 197 766). The deletion has encompassed the SHANK3, a crucial gene for the development of nervous system. Fluorescence quantitative PCR has confirmed the deletion of exons 7, 19 and 22 of the SHANK3 gene.@*CONCLUSION@#The phenotype of the patient may be attributed to the microdeletion at 22q13.33. Cytogenetic methods combined with SNP array and fluorescence quantitative PCR can identify aberrant chromosomes and provide accurate information for the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Application of high-throughput whole genome sequencing and STR typing for the analysis of chorea villus tissue samples from spontaneous abortion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To apply high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) and short tandem repeat (STR) typing to detect aneuploidies, heteroploidies and copy number variations(CNVs) in spontaneous abortic tissues.@*Methods@#Chorionic villus samples from 145 patients with spontaneous abortion were subjected to detection of aneuploidies, heteroploidies and copy number variations by WGS and STR typing.@*Results@#All testing was successful and the rate of chromosomal abnormalities among the patients was 22.07%. Among these, there were 11 trisomies, 3 monosomies, 2 triploidies, 5 autosomal mosaicisms, 4 sex chromosomal mosaicisms, 7 structural abnormalities (including 1 mosaicism). In 89 cases, there were 130 CNVs of uncertain significance, 47 likely benign CNVs, and 2 loss of one copy of pathogenic AR gene. One sample contained 6 fragment duplications and deletions. Only 24 samples had no abnormal finding.@*Conclusion@#The most important reason for spontaneous abortions is embryonic chromosomal abnormality. Combined STR typing and WGS is both comprehensive and fast, and may become a major means for the detection of chorionic villi tissue from spontaneous abortions.

Application of high-throughput whole genome sequencing and STR typing for the analysis of chorea villus tissue samples from spontaneous abortion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To apply high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) and short tandem repeat (STR) typing to detect aneuploidies, heteroploidies and copy number variations(CNVs) in spontaneous abortic tissues.@*METHODS@#Chorionic villus samples from 145 patients with spontaneous abortion were subjected to detection of aneuploidies, heteroploidies and copy number variations by WGS and STR typing.@*RESULTS@#All testing was successful and the rate of chromosomal abnormalities among the patients was 22.07%. Among these, there were 11 trisomies, 3 monosomies, 2 triploidies, 5 autosomal mosaicisms, 4 sex chromosomal mosaicisms, 7 structural abnormalities (including 1 mosaicism). In 89 cases, there were 130 CNVs of uncertain significance, 47 likely benign CNVs, and 2 loss of one copy of pathogenic AR gene. One sample contained 6 fragment duplications and deletions. Only 24 samples had no abnormal finding.@*CONCLUSION@#The most important reason for spontaneous abortions is embryonic chromosomal abnormality. Combined STR typing and WGS is both comprehensive and fast, and may become a major means for the detection of chorionic villi tissue from spontaneous abortions.

The characteristics of respiratory parameters in patients with different body mass index during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of respiratory parameters in patients with different body mass index during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Methods 102 patients scheduled for otitis me-dia surgery were divided into low weight group(B1,n=32),normal weight group(B2,n=36)and overweight or obese group(B3,n = 34 ). After general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,the tidal volume of anesthetic ma-chine wasadjusted to maintain the end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure between 35 - 45 mmHg. At 10 min (T1),30min(T2)and 60 min(T3)after adjustment,arterial PH,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arte-rial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2),inspiratory tidal volume(VTi),expiratory tidal volume(VTe),end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(PETCO2),peak airway pressure(Ppeak),plateau airway pressure(Pplat)and dy-namic lung compliance(Cdyn)were recorded. Results PH and PaO2 were not significantly different at T1-3 among the three groups(P>0.05). As compared with group B1 and B2,PaCO2 was lower in group B3. In comparison with group B2,VTi,VTe and Cdyn were higher in group B1 and lower in group B3(P < 0.05). Ppeak and Pplat were lower in group B1 but higher in group B3(P<0.05). PETCO2 was higher in group B1(P>0.05)while lower in group B3 (P < 0.05). Conclusions With the increase in BMI during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation ,the VTi,VTe,Cdyn,PETCO2 and PaCO2 decrease significantly,but Ppeak and Pplat elevate markedly. BMI is a refer-ence index for setting respiratory parameters.

Diagnosis of a case with partial 9p trisomy by next generation sequencing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic cause for a child featuring growth and mental retardation.@*METHODS@#Following conventional karyotyping analysis of the trio family, next generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out to explore the origin of the supernumerary marker chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the result.@*RESULTS@#The karyotypes of both parents were normal, while the proband was found to be 47,XX,+mar. NGS showed that the supernumerary marker has originated from chromosome 9p13.1p24.3 with a size of 39.77 Mb. FISH has confirmed the above finding.@*CONCLUSION@#The 9p13.1-p24.3 trisomy probably underlies the abnormal phenotypes of the child. Cytogenetic analysis combined with NGS and FISH can provide accurate diagnosis for such disorders.

Application of next generation sequencing for the analysis of patients with spontaneous abortion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of next generation sequencing (NGS) for the analysis of spontaneous abortion samples.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The NGS analysis was carried out on 85 chorionic villi samples (taken between 42 days to 12 weeks of gestation) for which conventional cell culture has failed or chromosomal karyotyping has yielded normal or uncertain result.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 68 samples with a normal karyotype, the NGS analysis has identified 2 copy number variations (CNVs) and 2 chimeras. For 16 cases with failed cell culture, the NGS has identified 4 chromosomal abnormalities including 1 copy number variation and 3 numerical chromosomal aberrations. For 1 remaining case with uncertain karyotyping result, the NGS analysis has verified it as 46,XX,del(4) (p15.1p16.3).seq[GRCh37/hg19] (57 549 - 32 371 364)×1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NGS analysis is capable of identifying novel CNVs in samples for which conventional cell culture may fail or karyotyping analysis may yield a normal result.</p>

Characteristics and Application of Nano Adjuvant Vaccine / 医药导报

Nanometer material have been widely used in a number of fields because of their diversified physical and chemical effects.Owing to their good biocompatibility,well targeting property and high bioavailability,they are considered as a good support for vaccine adjuvant.In short,it has a targeting function to specific parts,can improve the immunogenicity of new vaccine,avoid first-pass metabolism in the liver and then has less side effect.With these advantages,it has shown a proved potential application for disease control and treatment.So some unique properties of nano-materials are reviewed,with a look forward to the future of their application technology in the areas of and medicine.

Effects of edaravone and early rehabilitation on neurological deficit in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of edaravone and early rehabilitation on neurological deficit in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in this study. Fifty patients were grouped using the random number table method as the subject of this study. A single group of 25 patients treated with edaravone treatment, combined group of 25 patients with edaravone and early rehabilitation treatment, compared the two groups of patients with acute cerebral infarction neurological deficit score, quality of life score and clinical efficacy. Results The scores of neurological deficits after treatment were (14.24 ± 3.42), which were significantly lower than those in the single group (P<0.05). The quality of life scores of the patients in the combined group were (104.24 ± 3.25) The total effective rate was 92.00％ in the combined group, which was significantly higher than that in the single group (64.00％, P<0.05). Conclusion Edaravone and early rehabilitation therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction can significantly improve the neurological function of patients, the effect is more significant.

Improved identification for trisomy 9p and partial trisomy 6q presented in a patient by array-based comparative genomic hybridization / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic cause for a child with growth retardation and mental retardation and discuss the application of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in its molecular genetic diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Conventional karyotyping of peripheral blood for the family was carried out. aCGH was performed to further ascertain the size and origin of the additional chromosome fragments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the trio family here, the karyotype of the father was normal, the karyotype of the mother was 46,XX, t(6;9)(q26;q21)and the proband child's was 47,XX,+der(9)?t(6;9)(q26;q21). aCGH showed that the extra chromosomal fragments originated from chromosome 9p24.3-q21.13 and the size was 78.26 Mb, and the repeat region included the 9p trisomy's clinical area. At the same time, it was confirmed that 6q26-q27 was trisomic and the fragment that related to development delay was 6.6 Mb. We determined that the proband's karyotype was 47,XX,+der(9)t(6;9)(q26;q21.13)mat finally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patient's abnormal chromosome has originated from her mother with balance translocation. The duplications of 9p24.3-q21.13 and 6q26-q27 may lead to growth retardation and mental retardation. Accompanied with the cytogenetic methods, aCGH can accurately identify the origin and size of the abnormal chromosomes, contributing to the genetic analysis.</p>

Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA-gene encoding ribosomal RNA small subunit gene sequence of Taenia cestode from Baoshan and Puer areas in Yunnan Province / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To identify Taenia cestodes specimens collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province by analyzing mitochondrial DNA gene encoding ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtDNA-12S rRNA) gene sequence. Methods The adult Taenia cestode samples were collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province. The genomic DNA was extracted and mtDNA-12S rRAN gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced.Combined with the known mtDNA-12S rRNA gene sequence of Taenia solium, Taenia saginata,Taenia asiatica in GenBank, homology tree and phylogenetic tree were constructed by DNA MAN software. Results Taenia cestode homology tree and phylogenetic tree showed that gene sequences of BS1, BS2, BS4 and BS5 were most close to YZ with identity of 99% and those of BS3, BS6, BST,PE1 and PE2 were most close to ND with identity of 99%. Conclusions Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica can be found in Baoshan area, while Taenia saginata can be found in Puer area. The gene sequence of mtDNA-12S rRNA can be used for clarifying the three types of Taenia cestode.

Sequence analysis on mt COXI fragment of Taenia cestodes from 6 regions of Yunnan province / 中国人兽共患病学报

To identify Taenia cestodes from 6 regions of Yunnan province by PCR and sequencing of mtCOXⅠfragment. the genomic DNA of Taenia cestodes was extracted from proglottid collected in 6 region of Yunnan province, and mtCOXⅠ gene fragments were amplified by PCR, and then sequenced. The genomic distance and phylogenetic tree were constructed in comparison with other known mtCOXⅠgene sequences of T.solium , T.saginata and T. asiatica in GenBank using DNA MAN software. Through distance matrix,it was found that the homologie of NJ4, NJ1 and DQ2 was 99.8%, DL4 and NJ3 homologie was 99.5%, NJ2 and DQ3 homologie was 98.8%; the homologie of DL3 and BZ3 was 98.3%, while the homologie was 96.0% with BZ2; The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that 10 Taenia cestodes including NJ1-4, DL2-3and DQ1-3 occupied one brance with BZ3. BN1, CX1, LC1 and BZ2 occupied one brance, then two brance occupied and occupied with other one which was occupied by DL1 and BZ1. Taenia cestodes from Nujiang and Diqing were T. asiatica. Taenia cestodes from XiShangbanna,Lincang and Chuxiong were T.saginata.Taenia cestodes from Dali were T.solium or T.asiatica.Because same species have no difference from different regions. mtCOXⅠfragment sequencing is valid for tapeworms identification.

Bioactivity and relative bioavailability of domestic salcaltonin injection in Chinese healthy volunteers / 中国药理学通报

AIM　To compare the bioactivity and bioavailability of domestic and imported salcaltonin injections in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHOD　Using randomized cross design, to determine the concentrations of calcium and salcaltonin in serum of healthy volunteers after single dose of domestic and imported injections. RESULT　Two preparations reduced concentration of calcium in serum obviously and there was no difference of mean changes of calcium between the two kinds of injections (P>0.05). The main pharmacokinetic parameters are: Cmax: (2.31±0.16) μg*L-1 and (2.44±0.20) μg*L-1；Tmax: (48.75±12.99) min and (52.50±16.31) min；T1/2ke: (92.93±11.86) min and (97.61±11.23) min；Ke: (0.0079±0.0023) min-1 and (0.0084±0.0014) min-1；AUC(0～360 min): (297.70±44.45) μg*min*L-1 and (313.64±46.03) μg*min*L-1 respectively in domestic and imported salcaltonin injections. The relative bioavailability of domestic formulation is 97.6%±25.6%. CONCLUSION　The domestic and imported salcaltonin injections administered produce similar biological response and bioavailability and they are bioequivalent.

The pharmacokinetics of dauricine in rats / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the pharmacokinetic characters of dauricine(Dau) in rats after different administration ways. METHOD RP-HPLC method was used in the study. RESULT The results indicated that the plasma C-T curve conform to two-compartment open model after iv. The plasma concentration of Dau in rats after ig Dau 150 mg*kg-1 is low, less than 1 mg*L-1 of peak concentration. The absolute bioavailibility is about 16.6 %. The plasma concentration-time profile shows a double-peak phenomenon. The time taken to reach the peak is about 15 min after ig and the trough time is 3 h. The plasma concentration increased again in 4 h to form the second peak. The studies suppose a stomach-intestine recirculation of Dau is the major reason for double-peak phenomenon. Dau has a wide distribution in rat body. It lies in all tissues and organs in both adminastration ways. The tissue Dau concentration are hundreds times higher than that in plasma concurrently. Feces is the main route whereby Dau are excreted from the rats after ig 150 mg*kg-1. The excreted percentage through feces is 26.29 %, while through urine is 4.93%. The total amount is 31.22% after 48h of oral administration of Dau. The study of the mean percentage of the dose remaining in stomach, small intestine, large intestine and whole GI tract from each rat sacrificed at different times after oral administration of Dau suggest the stomach-intestine circle. CONCLUSION　The bioavailibility of Dau is low. The plasma drug concentration versus time curve shows an innormal double-peak phenomenon. Dau can distribute abroadly to almost all kinds of the tissues in rats. The main excretion routes are through feces and urine. The pilot study suggests that stomach-intestine circle be the main reason for the innormal double-peak phenomenon.

A Sensitive HPLC Technique for the Quantitation of Dauricine / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To establish the determination method of dauricine (Dau) concentration in rats' blood and other biological samples, a reverse-phase HPLC method was adopted. Under the given condition, dauricine could be well separated. The retention time (tR) of Dau and its internal standard,daurisoline were 9.2 and 6.1 respectively. The detection limit was 10-2 mg/ml. The absolute recoveries of all kinds of samples were above 70%, and the relative ones were over 85%. A good liner relationship has been obtained over the entire range of 0.030 to 3.000 mg/L in blood samples and 0.050 to 5.000 mg/L in other tissue samples. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation were below 10%. The results showed that the method can be used for detecting Dau in all kinds of biological samples.

A Sensitive HPLC Technique for the Quantitation of Dauricine / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To establish the determination method of dauricine (Dau) concentration in rats' blood and other biological samples, a reverse-phase HPLC method was adopted. Under the given condition, dauricine could be well separated. The retention time (tR) of Dau and its internal standard,daurisoline were 9.2 and 6.1 respectively. The detection limit was 10-2 mg/ml. The absolute recoveries of all kinds of samples were above 70%, and the relative ones were over 85%. A good liner relationship has been obtained over the entire range of 0.030 to 3.000 mg/L in blood samples and 0.050 to 5.000 mg/L in other tissue samples. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation were below 10%. The results showed that the method can be used for detecting Dau in all kinds of biological samples.

Bioactivity and relative bioavailability of domestic salcaltonin injection in Chinese healthy volunteers / 中国药理学通报

0 05). The main pharmacokinetic parameters are: C max : (2 31?0 16) ?g?L -1 and (2 44?0 20) ?g?L -1 ; T max : (48 75?12 99) min and (52 50?16 31) min; T 1/2ke : (92 93?11 86) min and (97 61?11 23) min; K e: (0 0079?0 0023) min -1 and (0 0084?0 0014) min -1 ; AUC (0～360 min) : (297 70?44 45) ?g?min?L -1 and (313 64?46.03) ?g?min?L -1 respectively in domestic and imported salcaltonin injections. The relative bioavailability of domestic formulation is 97 6%?25 6%. CONCLUSION The domestic and imported salcaltonin injections administered produce similar biological response and bioavailability and they are bioequivalent.

Application of Molecular Marker Techniques in Taxonomic Identification of Parasites / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Different subspecies or strains of the same species produce varied clinical manifestations.The clarifica-tion of parasite taxonomy is useful for the researches of their biology, epidemiology and control.DNA molecular markers have the advantages of high polymorphism, non-pleiotropy, and clear identifying alleles, etc.This paper summarizes the first generation(restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA), second generation(sim-ple sequence repeat-anchored PCR, inter-simple sequence repeat) and third generation(single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular marker techniques, and their application in taxonomic identification of parasites.

Transmission-blocking Vaccine Candidate of Plasmodium vivax Pvs25 Is Highly Conservative among Chinese Isolates / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax transmission_blocking vaccine candidate antigen (TBV) Pvs25, with P.vivax isolates from Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces, and to compare the genetic polymorphism of Pvs25 with that from Bangladesh. MethodsThe parasite DNA used for the genetic polymorphism assay was obtained from dried filter paper blood spots. The genes were PCR amplified and the products were purified and sequenced directly. Results 45 complete new sequences were analyzed. Only 3 nucleotide changes were found that would result in amino acid substitutions in Pvs25 in comparison with the sequence from P.vivax Sal_I strain. The measurement of nucleotide diversity (?) was remarkably similar for the two populations, indicating that DNA sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous among the geographically dispersed isolates or isolates from the same geographical region.Conclusion The results suggest that Pvs25 has limited antigenic polymorphism, especially compared with candidate antigens expressed by hepatic and erythrocytic stage, which may support the development and application of Pvs25_based transmission_blocking vaccine in China.