Discrimination between Metastatic and Non-metastatic Regional Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer Using Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Parameters / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced im?aging for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic regional lymph nodes in rectal cancer.[Methods]122 patients of our depart?ment were collected from 2015.01 to 2016.08, and 203 lymph nodes, including metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs, n=95) and non-meta?static lymph nodes (NMLNs, n=108), were analyzed. The short-axis diameter (S), long-axis diameter (L), short-to long-axis diameter ratio (S/L), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep) and extravascular extracellular space (EES) fractional volume (Ve) were compared between two groups respectively. Then using S=5 mm as a cutoff value, these parameters were compared between subgroups. Receive operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency and find the optimal cutoff values.[Re?sults]The metastatic group exhibited higher S and L, but lower S/L, Ktrans and Kep than the non-metastatic group (P<0.01). However, the Ve did not differ significantly between two groups (P=0.308). Optimal cutoff values [area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, speci?ficity] of Ktrans for discriminate metastatic lymph nodes from non-metastatic were 0.088 min-1 (0.69, 58.3%, 78.9%). When S>/=5 mm, subgroup analysis revealed that Ktrans and Kep of MLNs were significant higher than those of NMLNs (P<0.001), but Ve was lower (P=0.039). Optimal cutoff values (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) of Ktrans were 0.088 min-1 (0.675, 57.1%, 77.9%). However, when S<5 mm, MLNs showed lower Ktrans than NMLNs (P=0.001), but there were no significantly statistic differences of Kep and Ve between these two groups (P>0.1). Optimal cutoff values (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) of Ktrans were 0.087 min-1 (0.732, 60.5%, 81.5%).[Conclusion]Ktrans can be used to discriminate regional MLNs from NMLNs in rectal cancer, especially when the short-axis diameter is less than 5 millimeters.

Sodium content and energy of 47 commercial dishes in four restaurants in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sodium content and energy of commercial dishes in 4 Chinese restaurants in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June to August of 2011, 4 medium-sized restaurants were selected by convenience sampling method. Overall, 47 commercial dishes (including 9 cold dishes and 38 cooked dishes) consumed at least 6 times by consumers and provided by at least 2 restaurants were selected. One complete serving was selected for each dish to investigate its energy and sodium content, and calculate its sodium density.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median value of sodium content in cold dishes and cooked dishes were 580, 522 mg/100 g (Z = 0.83, P > 0.05) or 1427, 2301 mg/serving (Z = 2.03, P < 0.05); the median sodium density for cold and cooked dishes were 1902 and 670 mg/1000 kJ (Z = 2.81, P < 0.01); the median value of energy in cold dishes and cooked dishes were 514, 717 kJ/100 g (Z = 2.15, P < 0.05) or 1113, 3492 kJ/serving (Z = 4.03, P < 0.05). Of the 47 dishes, 46.8% (22/47) exceeded the daily recommendation of sodium content for Chinese residents (2200 mg).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The commercial dishes in medium-sized Chinese restaurants provide a relatively higher energy and sodium. Cold dishes contain less energy but have high sodium density, so the sodium from these dishes could not be ignored.</p>

Relationship between MAP3K5 and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded miR-BART22 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and explore their relationship in nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three archived specimens of NPCs and 30 nasopharyngitis specimens were collected for detecting the expression of EBERs and miR-BART22 by in situ hybridization, and the expression of MAP3K5 was detected using immunohistochemistry. Ten fresh NPC and 10 fresh nasopharyngitis specimens were also obtained for determining the protein expression of MAP3K5 by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EBERs were positive in all the 53 NPC specimens, and miR-BART22 was positive in 49 specimens; all the 30 nasopharyngitis specimens were negative for EBER or miR-BART22. In the 53 NPC tissues, 50 were negative for MAP3K5 expression in the cancer areas but positive in the adjacent mucosal areas, with the other 3 specimens showing a weak positivity (+). In the 30 nasopharyngitis specimens, 25 showed strong MAP3K5 positivity, 3 showed weak positivity and 2 were negative for MAP3K5 (P<0.001). Western blotting showed that the expression of MAP3K5 protein was significantly higher in nasopharyngitis than in NPC tissues (P=0.029). The expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 was inversely correlated (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the adjacent mucosal tissues, NPC tissues have a lower expression of MAP3K5 but a higher expression of miR-BART22. The expression of MAP3K5 and miR-BART22 is inversely correlated, suggesting the possibility of MAP3K5 to serve as target gene of EBV miR-BART22. miR-BART22 may inhibit the expression of MAP3K5, thus reducing the protein phosphorylation of MAPK pathway downstream genes, inhibiting NPC cell apoptosis, preventing their differentiation and promoting their escape from immune surveillance.</p>

Comparison of the dietary phytosterols intake and serum lipids content in elderly women from three cities of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dietary phytosterol intake of elderly women in three different cities of China, and to compare the main dietary sources, so that to discuss the relationship of dietary phytosterol intake and serum lipids.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the dietary pattern, women more than 50 years old from Beijing, Hefei and Urumchi were chosen as testers, 80 - 100 people for each city respectively. The dietary survey was done by continues 24 hours review of two days, the plant food were collected and the phytosterol content (include beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitostanol) were analyzed by GC methods, the total phytosterols content were calculated. The dietary phytosterol intake were calculated and serum lipids were also analyzed in all the testers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Testers from Beijing, Hefei and Urumchi were 100, 101 and 84 respectively. The average dietary phytosterol intake of people in Beijing and Hefei were 340.3 mg/d and 313.5 mg/d, the main sources were plant oil and cereals, while the average dietary phytosterol intake of people in Urumchi were 550.4 mg/d, higher than the other two cities (t values were 9.369, 10.420, respectively, both P values < 0.01), the main source in Urumchi was cereal (provide 53.1% of the total phytosterol intake). The laboratory results showed, testers in Urumchi had significantly lower serum TC content ((4.04 +/- 0.78) mmol/L) than that in Beijing ((4.89 +/- 0.91) mmol/L) and Hefei ((4.71 +/- 0.83) mmol/L) (t value were 6.766 and 5.401 respectively, both P values < 0.01); serum TG content in Urumchi((1.01 +/- 0.48) mmol/L) was also lower than that in Beijing ((1.31 +/- 0.53) mmol/L) and Hefei ((1.66 +/- 0.75) mmol/L) (t values were 3.343 and 7.293 respectively, both P values < 0.01); the serum glucose is also lower in testers in Urumchi ((5.02 +/- 2.18) mmol/L) compared with testers in Beijing ((5.69 +/- 1.53) mmol/L, t = 2.561, P < 0.05) and Hefei ((5.78 +/- 1.53) mmol/L, t = 2.934, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different dietary pattern result in significantly different dietary phytosterol intake in elder women in three cities, higher, phytosterol intake seemed to contribute to lower serum lipids.</p>

Contents of phytosterols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To quantify five specific dietary phytosterols and phytostanols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 34 different kinds of vegetables and 33 kinds of fruits were chosen according to the consuming habit of Chinese people. All the samples were purchased from two shops in Beijing. The contents of phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitostanol, and campestanol) were analyzed by GLC method which was established by our laboratory, and the total phytosterols were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total phytosterol content in vegetables ranged 1.1-53.7 mg/100 g edible portion. The highest concentration was found in pea, cauliflower, broccoli, and romaine lettuce. The phytosterol contents in fruits ranged 1.6-32.6 mg/100 g, the highest concentration was found in navel orange, tangerine, and mango.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The phytosterol contents in vegetables and fruits are not as high as those in edible oils, but because of the large amount of consumption, they also play an important role in increasing the people's phytosterols intake, indicating that increased intake of vegetables and fruits with higher phytosterol contents helps increase the phytosterol intake in China.</p>

Effects of resistant starch on insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of resistant starch (RS) on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Cross-design of two stages (I, II) was used during observation. Group A received RS 30 g/d as an intervention group for ahead of 4 weeks ( I stage) , while group B as a control group. Group B was given RS in late 4 weeks (II stage), while Group A as served control group. Blood was taken the first day and on the latest day in each stage. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), post blood glucose (PBG), fructosamine (FMN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceridemic (TG), insulin sensitive index (ISI), and body mass index (BMI) were measured, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As Compared with the control group, ISI was higher and FBG, PBG, TC, TG, FMN and BMI were significantly lower in intervention group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RS should be effective in improving IR of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p>

Comparison of ileal digested production of parental rice and rice genetically modified with cowpeas trypsin inhibitor / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in parental rice and rice genetically modified with sck gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six experimental swines were surgically fixed with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum and fed with parental rice and rice genetically modified with sck gene alternately. The ileum digesta were collected and analyzed for determination of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The apparent and true digestibility of protein was similar in these two types of rice. Except for the apparent digestibility of lysine, there was no difference in the apparent and true digestibility of the other 17 amino acids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The digestibility of protein and amino acids is not changed by the insertion of foreign gene, so it can meet the request of "substantial equivalence" in digestibility of protein and amino acids.</p>

Effects of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and two preschool children (217 males, 185 females), aged 3-5 years, whose height for age and/or weight for age were less than the reference level, were selected as subjects from 7 kindergartens in Beijing Fangshan District. The subjects were divided randomly into control group (CG, 201) and yogurt supplemented group (YG, 201). Each subject in YG was given one serving of yogurt (125 g) for 5 days a week from March to December in 2001, while nothing additional was provided to CG. All subjects kept their usual diet during the study. Anthropometry (body height and weight and upper-arm circumference) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of forearm were measured every 3 months. Disease status and dietary intake were also recorded and assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intake of calcium, zinc, and vitamin B2 in YG was significantly higher than that in CG. The incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea of children in YG were significantly less than those in CG. The height gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3, 6, and 9 months (P<0.05) (1.90+/-0.49 cm vs 1.77+/-0.54 cm, 3.83+/-0.57 cm vs 3.64+/-0.66 cm and 5.43+/-0.69 cm vs 5.24+/-0.76 cm, respectively). The weight gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3, 6, and 9 months (P<0.05) (0.70+/-0.43 kg vs 0.49+/-0.35 kg, 0.98+/-0.62 kg vs 0.80+/-0.60 kg and 1.42+/-0.76 kg vs 1.20+/-0.67 kg, respectively). The BMD of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 9 months (P<0.05) (0.415+/-0.058 g/cm2 vs 0.400+/-0.065 g/cm2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yogurt is beneficial to the improvement of calcium, zinc, and vitamin B2 intake, the decreasing of the incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea, and the promotion of the health and the growth and development of preschool children.</p>

Effect of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between micronutrient supplementation and children growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 156 growth retarded preschool children. They were randomly assigned to five groups: supplemental control (S-control, n = 28), zinc supplementation (+Zn, 3.5 mg Zn/day, n = 34), zinc and calcium supplementation (+ZnCa, 3.5 mg Zn + 250 mg Ca/day, n = 37), zinc and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (+ZnCaVA, 3.5 mg Zn + 250 mg Ca + 200 g VA/day, n = 28), Calcium, and vitamin A supplementation (+CaVA, 250 mg Ca + 200 g VA/day, n = 29). Another 34 children with normal height were selected as normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The height gain in +Zn group (7.84 cm per year) and +ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) was significantly higher than that in S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P < 0.05); The weight gain in +ZnCaVA group (2.55 kg per year) and +CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in S-control group (2.19 kg per year, P < 0.05); The average days of illness in each supplementation group were lower than that in S-control (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant difference was observed on bone age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zinc and Zinc + Calcium supplementation can improve the height gain, and vitamin A can improve weight gain in growth retarded preschool children, but do not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation can lower the morbidity of these children.</p>