Histological Study of Cerebrum, Cerebellum in Anencephalic & Non-Anencephalic Foetuses.

Anencephaly is one of the most common birth defects. This was a hospital-based case finding study that covered 60 patients with anencephaly & their respective mothers, conducted in hospitals in Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute from 2014 to 2017.METHODSThe study included 60 anencephalic foetuses (23 males & 37 females) of 20-30 weeks & 20 non-anencephalic foetuses (9 males & 11 females). Maternal history was analysed using a questionnaire which includes age factor, environmental factors, medications, family history, consanguineous marriage and febrile illness during pregnancy. The foetuses were examined for external abnormalities & dissected. Dissected foetal cerebrum & cerebellum tissues were processed & stained with H&E using tissue processor.RESULTSIn 100% of cases, all layers of cerebrum & cerebellum of non-anencephalic foetuses were normal. In anencephalic foetuses, cerebrum in 75% cases showed primitive brain cells, astrocytes & glial cells, instead of 5 layers which was described in checklist & in 25 % cases angiomatous masses were seen but primitive brain cells & astrocytes were absent. 91.7% cases of anencephalic foetal cerebellum had 5 cell stages which were the same as non-anencephalic foetuses & 8.3% cases had all the layers but ill formed granular layer. Most of the organs were normally developed. Associated anomalies were also noticed in 70% of cases.CONCLUSIONSThe study emphasizes the complexity of the aetiology behind anencephaly, variability of its presentation & yet unsatisfactory awareness among mothers about folic acid & its beneficial role in preventing anencephaly.

ADC histogram in differential diagnosis of angiomatous meningioma and hemangiopericytoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of ADC histogram in the differential diagnosis of angiomatous meningioma (AM) and hemangiopericytoma (HPC)and to screen out the best diagnostic parameter.Methods The MRI data of 21 cases with AM and 22 cases with HPC confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The ROI were drawn on the maximum cross section of the tumor on ADC maps,and the ADC histogram analysis was performed using the software named Mazda.Then the histogram parameters were statistically analyzed to find out the statistically significant parameters between the two groups,and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy.Results ADCvariance ,ADC1th and ADC10th had statistical significances between the two groups (P＝0.030,0.002 and 0.02 1 ). ADC1th had the best diagnostic efficacy among them,with the optimal cut-off value of 0.086×10－3 mm2/s,the AUC was 0.814(P＝0.003),and the sensitivity and specificity were 86.70%and 64.70%,respectively.ADCvariance took the second place,for the AUC was 0.725 (P＝0.030),and the sensitivity and specificity were 7 6.50%and 80.00%,respectively.Conclusion The ADC histogram is of great value in the differential diagnosis of AM and HPC,and the ADC1th is the most effective parameter.

Giant nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast with fibroadenomatoid myxoid changes: a potential pitfall in the differential diagnosis of phyllodes tumor / Hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa mamária nodular gigante com padrão fibroadenomatoide mixoide: diagnóstico diferencial problemático com tumor phyllodes

ABSTRACT A 21-year old woman presented with a 17-cm left breast mass. Physical examination and ultrasound revealed the mass to be well-circumscribed, homogeneous and freely mobile, suggestive of giant fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor. The mass was surgically excised and initially interpreted as benign phyllodes tumor. Subsequent slide review established the diagnosis of nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) associated with fibroadenomatoid areas and myxoid stromal changes. This case illustrates the difficulty encountered in recognizing nodular PASH. A thorough discussion of the histopathologic differential diagnosis of nodular PASH is provided.

RESUMO Uma mulher de 21 anos desenvolveu uma massa mamária de grandes dimensões (17 cm). Exame físico e ultrassonografia revelaram um nódulo bem delineado, homogêneo e móvel, com características sugestivas de fibroadenoma gigante ou tumor phyllodes. O nódulo foi excisado e inicialmente interpretado como tumor phyllodes benigno. Subsequente revisão de lâminas estabeleceu o diagnóstico de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa nodular associada a áreas de padrão fibroadenomatoide e focos de degeneração mixoide do estroma. Este caso ilustra a dificuldade encontrada no diagnóstico dessa entidade. Segue uma discussão detalhada do diagnóstico diferencial de hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa nodular.

Advances in the treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·Retinal angiomatous proliferation ( RAP) , also known as"type 3 neovascularization", is a well - recognized variation of neovascular age - related macular degeneration ( nARMD ) . Neovascularization is the basic pathological characteristic. Current view on the origin of the neovascularization is the deep retinal capillaries. The main clinical features include retinal pigment epithelium detachment( PED) and reticular pseudodrusen. These two features have close relation to the retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) tear and geographic atrophy ( GA ) , respectively, which may ultimately result in severe irreversible visual impairment. The disease has a rapid natural course and the majority of patients in early stage can develop into vision loss within 6mo. However, classical therapeutic managements, such as laser therapy, have limited efficacy and poor prognosis. Recently, RAP has been further understood with the application of OCT angiography and other new technologies in diagnosing, staging and monitoring RAP. Varieties of research on intravitreal injection of anti -vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) treatment to RAP have also revealed its promising results and proved its safety as well as effectiveness. All these have provided new knowledge on choosing the optimal treatment regimen in clinical.

Treatment of Bilateral Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation with Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: 12-Month Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 12-month outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in eyes with bilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 38 eyes of 19 patients with stage 1 or 2 bilateral RAP at diagnosis. The eyes of patients who exhibited different baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values in both eyes were assigned to one of two groups—the better (n=13) and worse (n=13) visual acuity groups. The BCVA values in both groups were compared to those at baseline and at 12 months. In addition, the 12-month changes in BCVA were compared between the two groups. The association between the optical coherence tomography findings at diagnosis and the 12-month BCVA was also analyzed. RESULTS: The values of mean baseline and 12-month BCVA in the better visual acuity group (13 eyes) were 0.48 ± 0.19 and 0.58 ± 0.29, respectively, and those in the worse visual acuity group (13 eyes) were 0.83 ± 0.20 and 0.90 ± 0.31. The 12-month changes in BCVA were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.786). Among the six patients with equivalent baseline BCVA in both eyes, four patients (66.7%) exhibited 1 to 2 lines or ≥3 lines of difference in BCVA between eyes at 12 months. Eyes without pigment epithelial detachment (PED) at diagnosis exhibited significantly better BCVA at 12 months than eyes with PED (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Better baseline visual acuity was associated with better BCVA at 12 months posttreatment in patients with bilateral RAP. However, equivalent baseline visual acuity in both eyes might not guarantee similar treatment outcomes. In addition, the absence of PED is predictive of better visual outcome.

Pseudoangiomatous variant of spindle cell lipoma: Report of a rare case.

Pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma is a rare variant of spindle cell lipoma. It exhibits irregular and branching spaces with villiform connective tissue projections, leading to formation of a characteristic angiomatoid pattern in addition to benign spindle cells and mature adipocytes. Recent studies have shown that these branching spaces are lined by endothelial cells and express markers. Therefore, the term “angiomatous variant” instead of “pseudoangiomatous” has been proposed for these lesions. We describe one of such lesions in the thumb of a young female. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pseudoangiomatous variant of spindle cell lipoma from India.

Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tear in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear in retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: In the present study we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 14 patients (14 eyes) diagnosed with RPE tear secondary to RAP treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) when the RPE tear developed was compared with BCVA at 6 months and at the final follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of the study patients was 75.1 +/- 7.0 years and the mean follow-up period was 23.7 +/- 13.7 months. During the follow-up period, patients were treated with a mean of 2.8 +/- 1.3 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. The mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution BCVA when the RPE tear developed, at 6 months and at the final follow-up was 1.25 +/- 0.44, 1.44 +/- 0.56, and 1.65 +/- 0.39, respectively. The BCVA at 6 months was not different from the baseline value (p = 0.258), whereas the BCVA at the final follow-up was significantly worse than the baseline value (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of RPE tear in RAP is poor despite anti-VEGF therapy. This result suggests further investigations regarding the prevention of RPE tear or more effective treatment method for this condition are necessary.

Comparison of Short-Term Clinical Outcomes between Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Aflibercept in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 6-month outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment for patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of 28 patients (31 eyes) diagnosed with RAP was performed. All patients were initially treated with 3 consecutive intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept injections after diagnosis. Additional treatment was performed when exudation recurred. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness were measured before the first injection and 3 and 6 months after the first injection. The values measured before the treatment were compared with those after treatment. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes were treated with ranibizumab and 15 eyes with aflibercept. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) values of BCVA before the first injection and 3 and 6 months after the first injection were 0.78 +/- 0.50, 0.47 +/- 0.30 and 0.59 +/- 0.41 in the ranibizumab group and 0.96 +/- 0.52, 0.83 +/- 0.52 and 0.74 +/- 0.56 in the aflibercept group, respectively. Central foveal thickness was 315.75 +/- 115.44, 188.38 +/- 57.33 and 218.50 +/- 96.49 microm in the ranibizumab group and 249.00 +/- 74.88, 143.73 +/- 32.73 and 196.73 +/- 94.08 microm in the aflibercept group, respectively. BCVA was significantly improved and central foveal thickness was significantly reduced at 6 months (p < 0.05) compared to measurements before the first injection in both groups. However, BCVA improvement and central foveal thickness were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept treatments were beneficial for both normalizing macular thickness and improving visual acuity in patients with RAP. The efficacy of the 2 drugs was not noticeably different.

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Angiomatous Meningiomas

BACKGROUND: Angiomatous meningioma is a rare histological subtype of meningioma. Therefore, this specific medical condition is rarely reviewed in the literature. In the present work, we report the clinical and radiological features with postoperative outcomes of angiomatous meningioma. METHODS: This retrospective study included the patients who were pathologically diagnosed with angiomatous meningioma after surgical resection between February 2010 and September 2015 in our institute. We analyzed the clinical data, radiological manifestation, treatment and prognosis of all patients. RESULTS: The 15 patients (5 males and 10 females) were diagnosed with angiomatous meningioma during the study period. The median age of patients at the time of surgery was 63 years (range: 40 to 80 years). According to Simpson classification, 7, 5, and 3 patients achieved Simpson grade I, II, and IV resection, respectively. In the follow-up period, recurrence was noted in one patient. Ten out of the 15 patients showed homogeneous enhancement. Two patients demonstrated cystic changes. There was no occurrence of calcification or hemorrhage in our patients. Characteristically, 14 out of 15 patients showed signal voids of vessels. Significant peritumoral edema was observed in the majority of tumors (67%). CONCLUSION: Angiomatous meningiomas are rare benign meningioma. Brain images of angiomatous meningioma usually demonstrate signal void signs and peritumoral edema. In the present study, angiomatous meningiomas showed good prognosis after surgical resection.

Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics among Three Subtypes of Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of optical coherence tomography in eyes with treatment-naïve typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (typical nAMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: One hundred fifty-three eyes newly diagnosed with exudative AMD were retrospectively collected. All study eyes were classified into three subtypes: typical nAMD, PCV, and RAP. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Central macular thickness (CMT) and other OCT features including intraretinal cystoid fluid and subretinal fluid were also evaluated in all eyes. SFCT, CMT and other OCT features were compared among the three subtypes of exudative AMD. RESULTS: Seventy-four eyes with typical nAMD, 55 eyes with PCV, and 24 eyes with RAP were included. SFCT was significantly thickest in PCV and thinnest in RAP (p < 0.001). RAP showed the thickest CMT and the highest frequency of intraretinal cystoid fluid (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with exudative AMD, different characteristics of OCT were observed according to the three subtypes. Identification of OCT characteristics could help differentiate the subtypes of exudative AMD.

Multimodality imaging in macular telangiectasia 2: A clue to its pathogenesis.

Macular telangiectasia type 2 also known as idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia and juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis type 2A is an acquired bilateral neurodegenerative macular disease that manifests itself during the fifth or sixth decades of life. It is characterized by minimal dilatation of the parafoveal capillaries with graying of the retinal area involved, a lack of lipid exudation, right‑angled retinal venules, refractile deposits in the superficial retina, hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium, foveal atrophy, and subretinal neovascularization (SRNV). Our understanding of the disease has paralleled advances in multimodality imaging of the fundus. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images typically demonstrate the presence of intraretinal hyporeflective spaces that are usually not related to retinal thickening or fluorescein leakage. The typical fluorescein angiographic (FA) finding is a deep intraretinal hyperfluorescent staining in the temporal parafoveal area. With time, the staining may involve the whole parafoveal area but does not extend to the center of the fovea. Long‑term prognosis for central vision is poor, because of the development of SRNV or macular atrophy. Its pathogenesis remains unclear but multimodality imaging with FA, spectral domain OCT, adaptive optics, confocal blue reflectance and short wave fundus autofluorescence implicate Müller cells and macular pigment. Currently, there is no known treatment for this condition.

Recurrent extradural hemangiopericytoma of thoracic spine: A case report.

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare tumor that arises from pericapillary cells or pericytes of Zimmerman. In the central nervous system, it accounts for less than 1% of tumors, and spinal involvement is very rare. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas show morphological similarities with meningiomas particularly with angiomatous meningioma, where one needs to take the help of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to delineate HPC from meningioma. Here, we report a case of recurrent extradural HPC in a 16 year-old girl, who 5 years back had a pathological diagnosis of angiomatous meningioma, for D5-D6 lesion. On evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large extradural tumor with a signifi cant cord compression involving D5-D6 body, pedicle and ribs. Excision of the lesion and spinal stabilization was performed. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry performed on tumor sections revealed features favoring HPC. To conclude, detailed IHC is helpful in avoiding misdiagnosis and in further management of the patient.

Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma Treated by Intense Pulsed Light / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Conventional MRI,DWI characteristics and pathological basis of angiomatous meningioma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the conventional MRI,diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)characteristics and the pathological basis of angiomatous meningioma.Methods The conventional MRI,DWI and pathological manifestations of 7 cases with angioma-tous meningioma confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of the tumors and contralateral normal brain parenchyma were measured and compared with each other.Results Among the 7 ca-ses,5 cases were in the convexity of brain (4 cases in the frontal part and 1 case in the parietal part),and 2 cases in the parasella. 6 cases showed hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on T2 WI,and 1 case showed isointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI.The necro-sis within the tumor was seen in 2 cases.The flowing void phenomenon was seen in 6 cases.The significant peritumoral edema was seen in 5 cases on FLAIR.Significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1 WI was seen in all the cases.The average ADC value of the tumors (1.35×10 -3 mm2/s)was significently higher than that of the contralateral normal parenchyma (0.92 × 10 -3 mm2/s) (t=7.21,P <0.01).Mature vessel component was seen on pathological section in all the cases.For immunohistochemically analy-sis,the expression of vimentin (Vim)was positive in 6 cases and scattered positive in 1 case.The expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)was positive in all the cases.Conclusion The MRI features of angiomatous meningioma are closely correlated with rich blood vessels.The ADC value of the tumor is higher than that of the contralateral parenchyma,which is helpful for the diagno-sis.

A study on retinal angiomatous proliferation and its mechanism in apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse with dyslipidemia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) is a subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).There are currently very few studies on RAP.Objective This study was to explore the pathogenic mechanism of RAP in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice with dyslipidemia.Methods Twenty-four 2-month-old SPF ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into the high fat diet group and the normal diet group,and twelve 2-month-old C57BL/6 mice received the normal diet as controls.A diet with a higher content of fat was given for 4 consecutive months in the high fat diet group,and normal diet was given in the same way in the mice of the normal diet group.The mice were sacrificed at 6 months of age.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells,the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the outer plexiform layer (OPL),microvascular density (MVD) and microvascular area (MVA) in the OPL were examined by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively by histopathology with the Mias 2000 Imaging Analyzer System.The expression of VEGF protein in the retina was examined by Western blot.Results The MVD in the retinal OPL were (20.67±3.20) and (19.50± 1.87),respectively,in the ApoE-/-mice of the high fat diet group and the normal diet group,which were significantly higher than that (12.50±1.87) of the C57BL/6 normal diet group (all at P＜0.01).MVA in the retinal OPL were (626.49± 120.99) μm2 and (514.06±88.83) μm2 in the ApoE-/-mice of the high fat diet group and the normal diet group,respectively,showing a significant increase in comparison with the (336.52±84.96) μm2 of the C57BL/6 normal diet group (P＜0.01).The staining area of VEGF in RPE cells was (21 048±1849) μm2 in the ApoE-/-mice of the high fat diet group,showing a significant increase in comparison with the (17 116±2023) μm2 of the C57BL/6 normal diet group.However,no significant difference was found in the staining area of VEGF between the ApoE-/-mice with normal diet group and the C57BL/6 normal diet group ([17 854±2967] μm2 vs.[17 116±2023] μm2) (P＞0.05).Significant elevation was also seen in the staining area of VEGFR-2 in the retinal OPL of the ApoE-/-mice of the high fat diet group (12 193±3806)μm2 and the ApoE-/-mice of the normal diet group (11 969± 3616)xm2 compared with C57BL/6 mice of the normal diet group (5387±2225)μm2(all at P＜0.01).The relative expression values (VEGF/β-actin) of VEGF in the retinas were (1.51 ±0.32) and (1.17±0.39) in the ApoE-/-mice of the high fat diet group and the normal diet group,respectively,showing a significant increase in comparison with (0.28±0.14) of the C57BL/6 normal diet group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in the retinas increases in the ApoE-/-mouse,which leads to the enlargement of MVD and MVA in the retinal OPL and subsequent RAP occurrence.

The fundus findings and treatment option of retinal angiomatous proliferation / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinal angiomatous proliferation(RAP) is a special type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a pathological process of neovascularization.Different with several types of neovascular AMD,the new blood vessel in RAP is believed to originate from the inner retinal circulation.Because of inadequate knowledge,there still exist some limited understanding for this disease,such as its clinical diagnosis,therapy effectiveness and its poor prognosis.The newest interpretation about RAP was based on the findings of indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) and the first generation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system.The stage,histogenesis,histopathology,nature process,fundus findings,differentiating diagnosis and treatrnent of RAP were reviewed.

Characteristic Findings of Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

PURPOSE: To identify the unique pathologic findings of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Retrospectively, 29 eyes of 25 patients with age-related macular degeneration and complicated RAP were analyzed. All 29 eyes had choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the area of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) or adjacent to it, which was visible with fluorescein angiography or indocyanine green angiography. Cross-sectional images were obtained by OCT scanning through the CNV lesions. RESULTS: Six distinctive findings of OCT included drusen (100%), inner retinal cyst (80%), outer retinal cyst (68%), fibrovascular PED (84%), serous retinal detachment (40%), and PED (68%). CONCLUSIONS: Through analysis of OCT findings, we revealed six different types of lesions distinctive of RAP which may provide helpful diagnostic information for subsequent treatment and predicting the prognosis of RAP.

Twelve-Month Outcomes of Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 12-month outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records was performed for 33 patients (33 eyes) who were diagnosed with RAP. All patients were initially treated with three consecutive intravitreal anti-VEGF injections after diagnosis. Additional treatment was performed when the recurrence of exudation was noted. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured before the first injection and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first injection. The value measured before the treatment was compared with those measured after treatment. RESULTS: The patients received an average of 4.2 +/- 1.7 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections during the 12-month follow-up period. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) values of BCVA before the first injection and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first injections were 0.76 +/- 0.49, 0.55 +/- 0.35, 0.67 +/- 0.41, and 0.70 +/- 0.50, respectively. BCVA was significantly improved at 3 and 6 months (p or =2 log MAR lines of improvement) BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-VEGF therapy was found to be beneficial in both normalizing macular thickness and in improving or maintaining visual acuity in the majority of patients with RAP.

Angioma cavernoso espinal extradural dorsal / Spinal extradural cavernous angioma

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 57 años de edad, de la raza blanca, con cuadro clínico de compresión medular dorsal, por lo cual se le realizó una laminectomía de D5-D7, con resección de una lesión extradural, de color vino, redondeada, de 3x2x2 cm. Los resultados de la biopsia confirmaron el diagnóstico de una malformación angiomatosa (cavernoma). La cirugía es el tratamiento ideal para estos tipos de lesiones y la resonancia magnética de columna, un estudio útil para diagnosticar y tratar a los afectados.

The clinical case of a white 57 year-old patient is presented, with clinical pattern of dorsal medullary compression, reason why a laminectomy of D5-D7 was carried out, with resection of an extradural, rounded, wine colored lesion, of 3x2x2 cm. The results of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an angiomatous malformation (cavernoma). Surgery is the ideal treatment for these types of lesions and the spine magnetic resonance is an useful study to diagnose and to treat those affected.

Late-Onset Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma Associated with a Ganglion Cyst on the Sole of the Foot

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is a benign, uncommon, combined vascular and eccrine malformation. Most cases of this disorder have been single or multiple nodules or plaques that appear red, yellow, blue, violaceous, or skin colored. EAH may be congenital or appear later in childhood; it rarely arises during puberty or adulthood. A 52-year-old female patient visited our department for tender subcutaneous cystic tumor on the right sole with a one month history. Histopathologic examination confirmed EAH. During excisional biopsy procedure, mucinous discharges were observed which were histopathologically diagnosed as ganglion.