Physico-Chemical comparison of four commercially available mineral trioxide aggregates / Comparación fisicoquímica de cuatro mineral trióxido agregados disponibles comercialmente

Abstract To compare the physicochemical composition of 4 MTAs commercially available in Latin America. ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, USA), MTA Angelus (Angelus, Brazil), MTA Flow (Ultradent, USA), and MTA Viarden (Viarden, Mexico) were physically and chemically compared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained from the MTA powder and the prepared presentations. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed by triplicate, to calculate the mass proportion of calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), the Ca/Si proportion among the 4 brands. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were conducted (50ºC-1000ºC), and mass loss and inflection points were calculated for each material. Statistical differences for Ca and Si content were determined by ANOVA (p<0.05). SEM images showed evident differences in the appearance of both the powder and the prepared MTAs among brands. Angelus MTA showed cubic prisms not observed in the other 3 brands. ProRoot MTA and MTA Flow showed similar homogeneous structures. MTA Viarden was the less homogeneous, with random structures (>15um). When comparing the mass proportions of Ca and Si between the 4 powder samples, MTA Viarden showed a significantly lower proportions of both elements when compared with the other brands (p<0.005). TGA análisis showed a similar behavior for ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus and MTA Flow, with less than 2% mass loss when the 1000C temperature was reached. MTA Viarden showed a mass loss of 9,94% before the 700C, indicating the presence of different content sensible to temperature degradation. The analyzed MTAs demonstrated to vary significantly in their chemical composition and physical characteristics. Clinicians must be aware of the differences between different brands of a same material, and future research should focus on the clinical implications of these differences.

Resumen Comparar la composición fisicoquímica de 4 MTA disponibles comercialmente en América Latina. Se compararon física y químicamente ProRoot MTA (Dentsply, EE. UU.), MTA Angelus (Angelus, Brasil), MTA Flow (Ultradent, EE. UU.) y MTA Viarden (Viarden, México). Se obtuvieron imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) del polvo de MTA y de las presentaciones preparadas. Los análisis de espectroscopía de dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDS) se realizaron por triplicado para calcular la proporción de masa de calcio (Ca), silicio (Si), la proporción Ca/Si entre las 4 marcas. Se realizaron análisis termogravimétricos (TGA) (50ºC-1000ºC), y se calcularon las pérdidas de masa y los puntos de inflexión para cada material. Las diferencias estadísticas para el contenido de Ca y Si se determinaron mediante ANOVA (p<0,05). Los análisis SEM mostraron diferencias evidentes en la apariencia tanto del polvo como las preparaciones de los MTA, entre las diferentes marcas. MTA Angelus mostró prismas cúbicos no observados en las otras 3 marcas. ProRoot MTA y MTA Flow mostraron estructuras homogéneas similares. MTA Viarden fue el menos homogéneo, con estructuras aleatorias (>15um). Al comparar las proporciones de masa de Ca y Si entre las 4 muestras de polvo, MTA Viarden mostró proporciones significativamente más bajas de ambos elementos en comparación con las otras marcas (p<0,005). El análisis TGA mostró un comportamiento similar para ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus y MTA Flow, con menos del 2 % de pérdida de masa al alcanzar los 1000 °C de temperatura. El MTA Viarden mostró una pérdida de masa de 9,94% antes de los 700 °C, indicando la presencia de diferentes contenidos sensibles a la degradación por temperatura. Los MTA analizados demostraron diferencias significativas en su composición química y características físicas. Los clínicos deben ser conscientes de las diferencias entre las diferentes marcas de un mismo material, y futuras investigaciones deben enfocarse en las implicaciones clínicas de estas diferencias.

Apexificación en una cita utilizando material biocerámico como tapón apical / Apexification in a single appointment using a bioceramic material as an apical plug

El objetivo fue realizar una técnica de apexificación en una cita, evaluando clínica y radiográficamente la formación de barrera dura apical, con seguimiento a nueve meses, al utilizar material biocerámico en dien-tes permanentes jóvenes. Se trataron 30 incisivos su-periores permanentes con ápice abierto y anteceden-tes de trauma, en pacientes de ambos géneros y 18-40 años. Las piezas (n=30) se dividieron en dos grupos (n=15). Grupo experimental: tratamiento de apexifica-ción con EndoSequence Root Repair Material (EERR), y grupo control: tratamiento con impresión apical. Se determinaron distribuciones de frecuencias y esta-dísticas descriptivas para cada variable, según es-cala de medición y distribución. Se realizaron IC 95%, test de Chi cuadrado con cálculo de residuos estan-darizados ajustados y test de Fisher. Se fijó nivel de significación p=0.05. Las diferencias de manifestacio-nes preoperatorias y postoperatorias según grupo fueron no significativas (p Fisher = 0.9140) y (p Fisher = 0.992), respectivamente. No se hallaron diferencias entre proporciones de hallazgos radiológicos preope-ratorios según grupo. Medidas trimestralmente, no hubo diferencias significativas entre proporciones de piezas con continuidad de cortical ósea y radiolucidez periapical postoperatoria según grupo, (p Fisher = 0.7780) y (p Fisher = 0.7909), respectivamente. Debi-do la escasa cantidad de trabajos que reportan el uso de EERR para esta técnica, se requiere de nuevos en-sayos clínicos con tamaños muestrales amplios, para compararlo con otros materiales y técnicas, y deter-minar si su tasa de éxito a largo plazo es mayor que a de los materiales y técnicas usadas actualmente (AU)

To perform apexification technique in one appointment, clinically and radiographically evaluating the formation of apical hard barrier, with follow-up at nine months, when using bioceramic material in young permanent teeth. Materials and methods: 30 permanent upper incisors with open apex and history of trauma were treated, in patients of both genders and 18-40 years of ages. The teeth (n=30) were divided into two groups (n=15). Experimental group: apexification treatment was performed with EndoSequence Root Repair Material (EERR), control group: treatment with apical impression. Frequency distributions and descriptive statistics were determined for each variable according to scale of measurement and distribution. 95% CI, Chi-square test with calculation of adjusted standardized residuals and Fisher's test were performed. The level of significance p=0.05 was set. The differences in preoperative and postoperative manifestations according to group were not statistically significant (Fisher's p = 0.9140) and (Fisher's p = 0.992), respectively. No differences were found between proportions of preoperative radiological findings according to group. Measured quarterly, there were no significant differences between proportions of teeth with bone cortical continuity and with postoperative periapical radiolucency according to group, (p Fisher = 0.7780) and (p Fisher = 0.7909), respectively. Due to the small number of works that report its use for this technique, is necessary to carry out new clinical trials with larger sample sizes, to compare it with other materials and techniques, and determine if its success rate in the long term is greater than that of currently used materials and techniques (AU)

Apical Sealing Efficacy of the Bioceramic Cements Bio Root and MTA Fillapex: An ex vivo Study

ABSTRACT: The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the ability of the apical sealing bioceramic cements BioRoot™ RCS (Septodont) and MTA-Fillapex (Angelus). One hundred and eighty-four vestibular canals were selected from ninety-two recently extracted maxillary molars. Canals were instrumented with the mechanized system ProTaper Next and obturated using the single cone technique. The sample was randomly divided into two groups (92): Group 1 was obturated with BioRoot ™ RCS, and Group 2 with MTA-Fillapex. Samples were processed for the leakage test by dye penetration and later cut longitudinally. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using Stata 15.0. The degree of leakage from BioRoot ™ RCS was 0.03 mm, and MTA-Fillapex was 0.31 mm p (0.00). BioRoot ™ bioceramic presented an adequate apical sealing, while MTA-Fillapex showed an accentuated leakage.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este studio ex vivo fue comparar la capacidad de sellado apical de dos cementos biocerámicos, el BioRoot™ RCS (Septodont) y MTA-Fillapex (Angelus). 184 conductos vestibulares fueron seleccionados de 92 molares maxilares recientemente extraídos. Los conductos fueron instrumentados con el sistema de instrumentación mecanizado Protaper Next y obturados usando la técnica de cono único. Las muestras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (N 92): Grupo 1 fue obturado con BioRoot™ RCS, y el grupo 2 con MTA-Fillapex. Las muestras fueron procesadas para el test de filtración por penetración de tinción, y luego cortadas de manera longitudinal. Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados y analizados usando Stata 15.0. El grado de penetración de BioRoot™ RCS fue de 0,03 mm, y de MTA Fillapex fue de 0,31 mm (P 0.00). BioRoot™ RCSpresent un sellado apical adecuado, mientras que MTA Fillapex mostró una filtración mayor.

Técnica de apexificación con un sustituto bioactivo de la dentina en una sola sesión: caso clínico / Apexification technique with a bioactive dentin substitute in a single session: a clinical case

Las piezas con necrosis pulpar y ápice abierto son un desafío de la práctica clínica endodóntica. Durante mucho tiempo estas piezas han sido tratadas con la técnica de apexificación con hidróxido de calcio. Esta técnica estimula la formación de una barrera calcificada a nivel apical, pero a partir de varias sesiones de tratamiento y los riesgos asociados que esto conlleva. Hoy en día, con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, están a disposición materiales biocerámicos que permiten realizar el protocolo en una sola sesión. El Biodentine es un biocerámico con tiempo de fraguado corto y buena capacidad de sellado, que permite reducir los tiempos clínicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de una pieza dentaria diagnosticada con necrosis pulpar y con apicoformación incompleta, tratada con una técnica de apexificación con Biodentine en una sesión (AU)

Reimplante intencional: que procedimento é esse que pode salvar dentes? Dois relatos de caso em longo prazo / Intentional replantation: What kind of approach is this that can save teeth? Two long term case reports

Introdução: A manutenção da dentição natural é preferível na maioria dos casos. Muito embora hoje em dia se possa contar com os implantes dentários, em casos com prognóstico menos limitado a preservação dos dentes ainda é mais aconselhável que os implantes. A Endodontia, e todas as suas possibilidades terapêuticas existentes, intenta e faz o papel de especialidade que tem como princípio prevenir ou eliminar a periodontite apical, dando condições de reparo e saúde ao periodonto apical e tecido ósseo. Com o advento tecnológico dos últimos anos, os tratamentos de canal se tornaram muito mais previsíveis e isso se reflete no aumento dos índices de sucesso, tanto de tratamentos primários quanto de retratamentos. Contudo, existem casos que falham, mas esses casos não são o fim da linha para o dente. Entre as manobras existentes para se reintervir em dentes que tiveram um tratamento que fracassou, são possíveis a microcirurgia endodôntica apical ou o reimplante intencional. Método: A manobra de reimplante intencional consiste de várias etapas cirúrgicas que vão desde a extração do elemento dental até a reposição de volta ao seu alvéolo. Neste artigo foram descritos dois casos clínicos limítrofes que foram tratados por meio desse procedimento. Resultados: Os casos apresentaram resultados excelentes, como remissão das lesões apicais, reparo ósseo e permanência dos elementos em boca, com acompanhamento de longo prazo (2 e 11 anos). Conclusões: Com altos índices de sucesso já relatados na literatura, essa modalidade de tratamento precisa ser mais explorada e divulgada no Brasil, principalmente entre alunos de pós-graduação e especialistas em Endodontia, pois comprovadamente pode evitar a indicação desnecessária de implantes dentais (AU).

Introduction: The maintenance of natural dentition is preferable in most of cases. However, nowadays it is possible to use dental implants in cases where prognosis is very limited. Endodontics and all of its therapeutic modalities play an important role, which has, in principle, to prevent or eliminate apical periodontitis providing better conditions for wound healing of periapical and bone tissues. In the past few years, with technological advances, root canal treatment became more predictable and this can be seen reflected in the increase of success rates of primary treatment as well as non-surgical retreatment. Nevertheless, some cases can failure but, it is not the end for the tooth, once some therapeutic approaches are possible, like apical microsurgery or intentional replantation. Method: Intentional replantation is an approach in which some surgical steps are done, since the dental extraction until its repositioning back to the socket. In this article two bordering cases were described. Results: 2 and 11 years follow-up confirm the favorable results of this technique. Both cases with no apical lesion, bone healing and dental elements developing their natural functions. Conclusions: The high successful rates described in the literature give to this treatment approach an important face, and that should be more explored and disclosed in Brazil, specially between specialists and post-graduation students, once can avoid unnecessary dental implants (AU).

Láser de baja potencia como coadyuvante en tratamiento endodóntico de pieza con reabsorción interna y lesión apical: reporte de un caso / Use of low level laser as an adjunct in endodontic treatment of teeth with internal resorption and apical lesión

La reabsorción radicular interna es infrecuente en dentición permanente, la mayoría de los casos se observan en dientes anteriores, su etiología no está del todo clara, es por esto que el tratamiento para este tipo de lesiones es la endodoncia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente sexo femenino, 38 años de edad, sin antecedes médicos relevantes, derivada para evaluación de diente 2.2 con mal pronóstico. El diagnóstico es de absceso apical agudo, pieza con reabsorción interna y lesión apical. Se realiza endodoncia con cementos biocerámicos y aplicación de láser terapéutico de 808 nm de longitud de onda, con parámetros específicos para acelerar la reparación del tejido óseo. La terapia de fotobiomodulación con láser de baja potencia parece ser útil como coadyuvante en el proceso de reparación ósea en piezas con lesión apical y reabsorción interna tratadas endodónticamente.

Internal root resorption is infrequent in permanent dentition, most cases are observed in anterior teeth, its etiology is not entirely clear, which is why the treatment for this type of lesion is endodontics.We present the case of a 38-year-old female patient, without relevant medical history, referred for evaluation of tooth 2.2 with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis Acute apical abscess, tooth with internal resorption and apical lesion. Endodontics are performed with bioceramic cements and the application of a 808 nm wavelength therapeutic laser, with specific parameters to accelerate bone tissue repair.Low-level laser photobiomodulation therapy appears to be useful as an adjunct in the bone repair process in endodontically treated teeth with apical lesion and internal resorption.

Tratamiento no quirúrgico de lesión periapical de gran tamaño: Reporte de caso / Non-surgical Therapeutics of large size periapical injury: Clinical case report

Resumen Se describe un caso clínico sobre una mujer de 21 años de edad la cual sufrió trauma dental a los 6 años que comprometió al incisivo superior izquierdo lo cual con el tiempo generó o se formó una gran lesión periapical en esta región. Radiográficamente se observa la formación incompleta de la raíz, las paredes del conducto radicular delgadas, y una extensa lesión periapical. Se realizó el desbridamiento químico-mecánico con limas K y se ejecutó la desinfección del conducto radicular con clorhexidina al 2%. El conducto se deja medicado con hidróxido de calcio (Vitapex®), el cual se reemplaza periódicamente con dicho material hasta los nueve meses, finalmente se obtura con Biodentine®. Se da seguimiento al caso a través de cuatro años, pasando por blanqueamiento interno, carilla de resina hasta llegar a poste intra radicular con corona completa de porcelana en lo concerniente al aspecto estético. En cuanto a la lesión periapical de gran tamaño, se llega a observar por medio de tomografías, disminución de la lesión al mínimo y genera cicatrización ósea. En relación con la observación clínica hay desaparición de la fístula y ausencia de sintomatología.

Abstract This report describes a clinical case involving a 21-year-old woman, who suffered dental trauma at age 6, compromising left tooth 2.1. On time she developed a large periapical injury in this area. Radiographically, incomplete root formation, thin walls of the root canal, and extensive periapical damage is clearly shown. Chemo- mechanical debridement was performed with K files and disinfection of the root canal using 2% chlorhexidine. The root canal was left medicated with calcium hydroxide (Metapex), which was replaced periodically until 9 months. Finally, the root canal was completely sealed with Biodentine. The case had a follow up for over four years and concerning esthetical aspects, through this period of time an internal whitening, resin veneer, intra radicular post and complete crown were provided. Regarding the considerable periapical injury, tomography shows that it has been drastically reduced and generated bone healing. Clinical observations also show that the fistula and symptomatology disappeared.

Resistencia a la Fractura de Dientes Tratados Endodónticamente Obturados con Selladores Biocerámicos Versus Selladores Resinosos. Revisión Sistemática / Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Obturated with Bioceramic Sealers and Epoxy Resin-Based Sealers. A Systematic Review

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante la revisión de la literatura científica disponible cuál es el tipo de cemento sellador que proporciona mayor resistencia a la fractura en dientes tratados endodónticamente, los cementos a base de biocerámicos o los en base a resina epóxica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo a las bases de los estamentos de PRISMA, en las bases de datos Medline, SciELO, Trip Database, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane. Se realizó la búsqueda a 10 años y se incluyeron sólo estudios in vitro. Se encontraron 202 artículos, luego se eliminaron los artículos duplicados y se excluyeron los estudios no atingentes por título y resúmenes, quedando ocho artículos que se revisaron a texto completo. En esta etapa se excluyeron dos estudios. Un total seis estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. De estos, ninguno encontró diferencia significativas entre cementos selladores a base de biocerámicos y a base de resina epóxica, en cuanto a resistencia a la fractura de los dientes tratados endodónticamente. Sin embargo, en 4 estudios los valores más altos encontrados de resistencia a la fractura estuvieron dados por los selladores en base a resina epóxica. Los artículos seleccionados, teniendo en consideración las limitaciones propias de los estudios in vitro, concluyen que en cuanto a resistencia a la fractura no hay diferencias significativas entre el uso de cementos selladores a base de biocerámicos y cementos selladores a base de resina epóxica en la obturación radicular de dientes tratados endodónticamente.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine through the review of scientific literature, the type of sealer that provides the greatest resistance to fracture in endodontically treated teeth. Bioceramic sealer or epoxy resin based sealers were considered for this analysis. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA, in the databases Medline, SciELO, Trip Database, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane. The search was carried out over the last 10 years, and only in vitro studies were included; 202 articles were found and subsequently, duplicate articles were eliminated, non-inferential studies by title and abstracts were excluded, leaving eight articles that were revised to full text. In this stage, two studies were excluded. In total, six studies were included in this review. Of these, none found significant difference between sealer cements based on bioceramics and based on epoxy resin, in terms of resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth. However, in 4 studies the highest found values of fracture resistance were given by sealers based on epoxy resin. Taking into account the limitations inherent to in vitro studies, this review concludes that in terms of fracture resistance, there are no significant differences between the use of sealer based on bioceramics and the based on epoxy resin in the root canal obturation.

Análise de sistemas reciprocantes quanto a produção de desvios e remoção de material obturador em canais radiculares: estudo in vitro / Analysis of reciprocal systems regarding the production of deviations and removal of filling material in root canals: in vitro study

O retratamento endodôntico é um procedimento realizado quando o tratamento anterior tem insucesso e visa reverter os processos infecciosos, removendo completamente o material obturador permitindo uma nova limpeza, modelagem e reobturação dos canais radiculares. Com vistas a melhoria das taxas de sucesso e eficiência do retratamento, vários sistemas de níquel-titânio (NiTi) têm sido desenvolvidos com a utilização de apenas um instrumento por meio de um movimento reciprocante, levantado novas perspectivas para o preparo biomecânico do canal radicular, bem como, o retratamento. Portanto, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a produção de desvio e capacidade de limpeza durante retratamento dos canais mesiais de molares inferiores com curvaturas severas (30° e 70°), obturados com BioC Sealer após utilização dos sistemas reciprocantes. Uma amostra de sessenta molares inferiores foi dividida em quatro grupos experimentais, assim distribuídos: G1- X1-Blue (25.06); G2- WaveOne Gold Primary (25.07); G3- Reciproc Blue (25.08); G4- WA1 (25.07). Cada grupo continha 15 molares, totalizando 120 canais mesiais, os quais passaram pela aquisição e processamento das imagens iniciais no Microtomográfo, para que posteriormente, fosse realizado o pareamento dos grupos. Todos os grupos foram instrumentados com o sistema de rotação continua Pro Taper Next. Após instrumentação, foram obturados com cone de guta percha ProTaper Universal, selados e colocados em estufa a 37 °C, 100% de umidade durante 72 horas. Para análise de desvio e remoção da obturação dos canais as amostras foram escaneadas por meio da Microtomografia (MicroCT). Por fim, foi avaliado e medido o desvio apical através da comparação das imagens dos canais obtidas pelas Micro-CT após o retratamento, bem como a remoção do material obturador, para posterior análise estatística. Os resultados quanto a produção de desvio após remoção do material obturador, entre grupos, demonstrou não haver diferença estatisticamente significante tanto para os canais radiculares mesio vestibulares como para os canais mesio linguais (p > 0,05). Na análise intra grupo, não houve diferença em relação aos grupos G1(X1 Blue), G2 (Wave one Gold) e G3 (Reciproc Blue) (p > 0,05), porém o grupo G4 (WA1) apresentou diferença significante, mostrando maior grau de desvio no canal mesio lingual do que no mesio vestibular (p < 0,05). Com relação a remoção do material obturado, na análise entre grupo, para o canal Mesio vestibular, pode-se observar que em todos os grupos houve uma diminuição no sentido cervical para apical, porém, no grupo G4 (WA1) observou-se uma maior remoção tanto no terço médio quanto no apical. No terço cervical a maior remoção do material obturador ocorreu no grupo G2 (Wave one Gold), seguido do G4 (WA1), G3 (Reciproc Blue) e G1(X1 Blue). Para o canal mesio lingual, o grupo G4 (WA1) demonstrou uma maior estabilidade de remoção do material obturador em todos os terços. No terço cervical houve uma maior remoção do material obturador no grupo G2, seguido do G4, G3 e G1, já no terço médio foi no grupo G2, seguido do G1, G4 e G3. No terço apical, o grupo G4 promoveu maior capacidade de remoção de material obturador, seguido de G1, G2 e G3. Para comparação entre médias intragrupos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando se comparou os terços cervical/médio para os Grupos G1 e G4 (tanto no canal Mesio vestibular como no mesio lingual) e terços médio/apical (apenas no canal Mesio lingual), porém, o terço apical foi observado uma maior dificuldade na remoção do material obturador. Conclui-se que a maiorias dos sistemas reciprocantes testados no retratamento promoveram desvio apical, porém o sistema WA1 foi capaz de produzir menos desvio no canal Mesio vestibular. Os sistemas reciprocantes utilizados foram capazes de remove grande parte do material obturador, mas não em sua totalidade, o terço apical foi o que mais dificultou a remoção do material obturador, porém, o sistema WA1 foi o que apresentou maior desempenho neste terço (AU).

Endodontic retreatment is a procedure performed when the previous treatment is unsuccessful and aims to reverse infectious processes, completely removing the shutter material allowing a new cleaning, modeling and reobturation of root canals. With a view to improving success rates and retreatment efficiency, several nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems have been developed with the use of only one instrument through a reciprocal movement, raising new perspectives for biomechanical preparation of the root canal, as well as retreatment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the production of deviation and cleaning capacity during retreatment of the mesiaal channels of lower molars with severe curvatures (30° and 70°), obtained with BioC Sealer after using reciprocating systems. A sample of sixty lower molars was divided into four experimental groups, thus distributed: G1- X1-Blue (25.06); G2- WaveOne Gold Primary (25.07); G3- Reciproc Blue (25.08); G4- WA1 (25.07). Each group contained 15 molars, totaling 120 mesiaal channels, which passed through the acquisition and processing of the initial images in the Microtomográfo, so that later, the pairing of the groups was performed. All groups have been instrumented with the continuous Rotation System Pro Taper Next. After instrumentation, they were filled with protaper universal percha gutcone, sealed and placed in a greenhouse at 37 °C, 100% humidity for 72 hours. For analysis of deviation and removal of the filling of the channels, the samples were scanned by microtomography (Micro-CT). Finally, apical deviation was evaluated and measured by comparing the images of the channels obtained by micro-CT after retreatment, as well as removal of the shutter material, for further statistical analysis. The results regarding the production of deviation after removal of the shutter material between groups, showed no statistically significant difference both for vestibular mesium root canals and for lingual mesio channels (p > 0.05). In the intra-group analysis, there was no difference in relation to groups G1(X1 Blue), G2 (Wave one Gold) and G3 (Reciproc Blue) (p > 0.05), but group G4 (WA1) showed a significant difference, showing a higher degree of deviation in the lingual mesium channel than in the vestibular mesium (p < 0.05). Regarding the removal of the obtained material, in the analysis between group, for the vestibular Mesio canal, it can be observed that in all groups there was a decrease in the cervical direction to apical, however, in group G4 (WA1) there was a greater removal in both the middle and apical third. In the cervical third the highest removal of the shutter material occurred in group G2 (Wave one Gold), followed by G4 (WA1), G3 (Reciproc Blue) and G1 (X1 Blue). For the lingual mesio channel, group G4 (WA1) demonstrated greater shutter material removal stability across all thirds. In the cervical third, there was a higher removal of the shutter material in group G2, followed by G4, G3 and G1, already in the middle third it was in group G2, followed by G1, G4 and G3. In the apical third, group G4 promoted higher shutter material removal capacity, followed by G1, G2 and G3. For comparison between intragroup means, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the cervical/middle thirds for Groups G1 and G4 (both in the vestibular mesio channel and in the lingual mesium) and middle/apical thirds (only in the lingual Mesio canal), however, the apical third was observed a greater difficulty in removing the shutter material. It was concluded that most of the reciprocal systems tested in the retreatment promoted apical deviation, but the WA1 system was able to produce less deviation in the vestibular Mesio canal. The reciprocal systems used were able to remove much of the shutter material, but not in its entirety, the apical third was the one that most difficult to remove the shutter material, however, the WA1 system was the one that performed higher in this third (AU).

Retreatment Efficacy of Endodontic Bioceramic Sealers: A Review of the Literature / Eficacia del retratamiento de cementos endodónticos biocerámicos: Revisión de Literatura

Abstract The endodontic retreatment is a feasible solution when post-operative apical periodontitis persists or develops. The complete removal of the filling materials is important in order to ensure the unobstructed contact of the intracanal disinfectants with the microbes. As a new generation of bioceramic endodontic sealers has emerged, their removal efficacy from the root canal system during retreatment is a matter of concern among clinicians. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the retreatability of these novel obturating materials. A significant amount of bioceramic sealer remnants in the root canal walls was observed in all studies. Even though canal cleanliness could not be obtained at an ideal level, the re-establishment of the working length and patency can be considered manageable and comparable to other endodontic sealers.

Resumen El retratamiento endodóntico es una solución factible cuando la periodontitis apical post-operatoria persiste o se desarrolla. La eliminación completa de los materiales obturadores es importante para garantizar el contacto y acción de los desinfectantes e irrigantes endodónticos con los microorganismos persistentes. A medida que ha surgido una nueva generación de selladores endodónticos biocerámicos, su eficacia de eliminación del sistema de conductos radiculares durante el retratamiento es motivo de preocupación entre los profesionales. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura actual sobre la influencia o posibles limitantes del uso de este tipo de cementos bioactivos durante el retratamiento endodóntico. Los estudios determinaron una cantidad significativa de restos de selladores biocerámicos en las paredes del conducto radicular. Aunque la limpieza del canal no se pudo obtener a un nivel "ideal", el restablecimiento de la longitud de trabajo y la permeabilidad se puede considerar manejable y comparable a otros selladores endodónticos.

Tapón apical con biocerámicos: tratamiento del ápice abierto en una cita

El trauma dental es una causa frecuente de necrosis pulpar en piezas anteriores, a edades tempranas, lo que detiene el desarrollo radicular y complica el manejo del caso. La apexificación con hidróxido de calcio ha sido el tratamiento de elección durante muchos años; sin embargo, requiere de muchas citas y se ha informado que su uso a largo plazo puede debilitar las paredes dentinales. Con el surgimiento de los materiales a base de biocerámicos, es posible realizar este tipo de tratamiento en una sola sesión y con resultados más predecibles. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el manejo de la apexificación en una cita mediante la creación de un tapón apical con MTA y su seguimiento a 4 años.

Dental trauma is a frequent cause of pulp necrosis in anterior teeth, at an early age, which stops root development and complicates case management. Apexification with calcium hydroxide has been the treatment of choice for many years, however, it requires many appointments and it has been reported that its long-term use can weaken the dentinal walls. With the emergence of materials based on bioceramics, it is possible to perform this type of treatment in a single session and with more predictable results. Therefore, the objective of this article is to show the management of the apexification in an appointment by creating an apical plug with MTA and its follow up to 4 years.