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Objective To analyze result of the external quality assessment for laboratories of toxicological pathology diagnosis in organizations in China. Methods A total of 86 organizations that participated in the 2020-2021 external quality assessment in laboratory of toxicological pathology diagnosis (hereinafter referred to as "reference units") were selected as research subjects using convenient sampling method, and the assessment results were analyzed. Results The median of total score was 92, and the 0-100 percentiles were 64-100 in these 86 reference units. Among these reference units, 76 were rated as excellent, 10 as qualified, with the excellent and the qualified rate of 88.4% and 11.6%, respectively. No reference unit was rated as unqualified. The rates of excellence of the reference units in public health institutions, pharmaceutical research institutions, drug safety evaluation centers and testing companies were 95.7%, 84.2%, 85.7% and 86.7%, and the qualified rates were 4.3%, 15.8%, 14.3% and 13.3%, respectively. The distribution of excellence and qualification among the four types of reference units showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). The distribution of sample scores according to the three grades of poor, good, and excellent were 4.9%, 20.7%, and 74.5% in public health institutions, 8.6%, 23.7%, and 67.8% in pharmaceutical research institutions, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 62.5% in drug safety evaluation centers, and 5.4%, 17.5%, and 77.1% in testing companies. The proportion of excellence unit in public health institutions was higher than that in pharmaceutical research institutions (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall toxicological pathology diagnostic capabilities in China are good, and various types of reference units demonstrate comparable technical capabilities. However, there is a need for standardization of diagnostic terminology.
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Introduction：There are few detailed evaluations of upper extremity function in Japan, especially for cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). The capabilities of upper extremity test (CUE-T) evaluates upper extremity function, is specialized for CSCI, and is internationally used；however, there are few reports from Japan. This study verified the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the CUE-T in Japan.Methods：We determined the interrater reliability, internal consistency, weighted kappa coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's α coefficient for acute and chronic CSCI. The correlation coefficient with other evaluations was calculated and validated. Furthermore, the evaluation was performed twice at regular intervals, and the correlation between the change in CUE-T and other evaluations and the sensitivity to change using the standardized response mean (SRM) were verified.Results：The weighted kappa coefficient was 0.61-1.00, intraclass correlation coefficient was ≥0.9, and Cronbach's α coefficient were ≥0.9. The CUE-T and other evaluation methods showed moderate to strong correlations. In addition, the amount of change between CUE-T and the other evaluations were significantly correlated, and the SRM was ≥0.8.Discussion：In Japan, the CUE-T has been suggested to have good reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability as an evaluation of upper extremity function in patients with CSCI. We will continue to verify the interpretability of the CUE-T and consider its dissemination in Japan.
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Introduction：There are few detailed evaluations of upper extremity function in Japan, especially for cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). The capabilities of upper extremity test (CUE-T) evaluates upper extremity function, is specialized for CSCI, and is internationally used；however, there are few reports from Japan. This study verified the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the CUE-T in Japan.Methods：We determined the interrater reliability, internal consistency, weighted kappa coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's α coefficient for acute and chronic CSCI. The correlation coefficient with other evaluations was calculated and validated. Furthermore, the evaluation was performed twice at regular intervals, and the correlation between the change in CUE-T and other evaluations and the sensitivity to change using the standardized response mean (SRM) were verified.Results：The weighted kappa coefficient was 0.61-1.00, intraclass correlation coefficient was ≥0.9, and Cronbach's α coefficient were ≥0.9. The CUE-T and other evaluation methods showed moderate to strong correlations. In addition, the amount of change between CUE-T and the other evaluations were significantly correlated, and the SRM was ≥0.8.Discussion：In Japan, the CUE-T has been suggested to have good reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability as an evaluation of upper extremity function in patients with CSCI. We will continue to verify the interpretability of the CUE-T and consider its dissemination in Japan.
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Objective:To explore the construction of a quantifiable comprehensive evaluation index system for the core professional capabilities of clinical engineers, a system matching the routine work of tertiary public hospital′s department of biomedical engineering, and supporting the future development of the discipline.Methods:Based on analysis of such factors as hospital development planning, clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics, and routine work description of the clinical engineering department, as well as literature review and expert consultation, a preliminary evaluation index system was developed for the core professional capabilities of such engineers. Then the Delphi method was applied for two rounds of expert consultation, with experts invited to evaluate the importance of core indexes, while the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight values of these indexes. Based on the evaluation index system for core professional capabilities of clinical engineers, a survey questionnaire was developed and the score criterion was defined independently, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted from February to April 2023 on clinical engineers of the tertiary public hospitals′ department of biomedical engineering to evaluate their core professional capabilities.Results:The comprehensive evaluation index system for the core professional capabilities of clinical engineers was composed of 4 first-level indexes and 14 second-level indexes. The weights for the 4 first-level indexes, namely job responsibilities, service abilities, extension abilities, and communication abilities were 0.200, 0.350, 0.250, and 0.200, respectively. Among the 14 second-level indexes, the weights of equipment management ability, engineering technology transformation ability, scientific research ability, personnel quality, and medical communication ability ranked top five, weighting 0.097, 0.091, 0.089, 0.088, and 0.087, respectively. A total of 106 clinical engineers were selected for a questionnaire survey, and the self-scoring found 6 of them as " excellent", 36 as " good", 38 as " moderate", and 26 as " poor" in terms of core professional capabilities.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the core professional capabilities of clinical engineers in this study proves rational and practical, and can provide reference for the core professional competence evaluation, talent cultivation, and clinical engineering discipline of these professionals.
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Objective:To survey on the status quo of the management capabilities of general practice team leaders in community health service centers in Shanghai.Methods:Using stratified sampling method, 18 community health service centers in the urban and suburban areas of Shanghai were selected, then the general practice team leaders and general practitioners (team members) in the centers were selected as the study participants. The questionnaire survey on the management capabilities of general practice team leaders was conducted among selected participants from November to December 2021. The self-assessment by general team leaders and the other-assessment by team members were carried out, and the total scores was calculated according to the weight of self-evaluation score (30%) and other-evaluation score(70%).Results:A total of 110 general practice team leaders and 749 team members participated in the survey. Among the team leaders, 63.64% (70/110) were females, 82.73% (91/110) were bachelor degree holders, 71.82% (79/110) had intermediate professional title, and 50.91% (56/110) worked for more than 9 h per day. The total score of general practice team leaders was (87.15±10.76) points, the other-assessment score was significantly higher than self-assessment score ((88.62±9.34) vs.(83.71±14.08), t=2.22, P<0.05). The average score of the 5 dimensions was 4.41 for special business management, 4.39 for organizational management, 4.38 for personal quality, 4.27 for teaching and research management and 4.22 for strategy and cultural construction, respectively. Conclusion:The overall management capabilities of Shanghai community general practice team leaders are at the upper-middle level, however, the capabilities in scientific research and team planning are relatively weak.
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Objective:To analyze the relationship between capacity of general practice team leaders and the team performance in community health service centers.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire survey was conducted between November and December 2022, among general practice team leaders and general practitioners (GPs) from 18 community health service centers in the urban and suburban areas of shanghai selected by stratified sampling method. The personal information questionnaire, leadership of general practice team leader questionnaire,and work performance scale of general team members were used for the survey. The relationship between leadership of general practice team leaders and team performance was analyzed based on structural equation model (SEM).Results:A total of 944 questionnaires were distributed and 856 valid ones were returned with a response rate of 91.0%, including 110 general practice team leaders and 749 were GPs. The SEM analysis showed that some dimensions of the management ability of the general practice team leader had significant effect on the employee organization loyalty (organizational management: β=0.37, teaching and research management: β=-0.29, strategy and cultural construction: β=0.23, personal quality: β=0.11) and work performance (special business management: β=0.95, organizational management: β=0.54) (all P<0.05); and employee organization loyalty played a partial mediator role in relationship between leadership of general practice team leaders and work performance with a mediating effect of 39.50%. Conclusion:The management ability of the general practice team leader directly affect or indirectly affect the work performance of team members through team members′ organizational loyalty.
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Objective:To explore the effect of emergency rescue ability training of operating room nurses based on video tracking method, and provide reference for improving emergency ability of operating room nurses.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study. In March 2021, 85 nurses working in the Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were selected by cluster sampling method. We implemented a training program of rescue emergency ability based on video tracking and adopted the inspection list of rescue emergency ability assessment and doctors′ satisfaction questionnaire of operating room nurses to evaluate the scores of each item in the nurses' rescue emergency ability list and doctors' satisfaction of rescue cooperation of operating room nurses.Results:The scores of the dimensions of recognition of fatal arrhythmias, fatal arrhythmia, several situations that can directly call help, writing of emergency state nursing records and handover of medical records, use of defibrillator, correct use and maintenance of negative pressure attraction, use and management of rescue vehicle and situation disposal in the inspection list of rescue ability after training were 9.80 ± 1.61, 26.06 ± 2.20, 17.34 ± 1.29, 13.00 ± 1.57, 7.35 ± 0.74, 10.24 ± 1.14, 33.89 ± 2.73, which were higher than before training 9.24 ± 1.18, 24.92 ± 2.15, 15.69 ± 1.92, 12.21 ± 1.66, 6.55 ± 0.92, 8.94 ± 1.32, 32.94 ± 2.20. The differences were statistically significant ( t values were -6.83 to -2.51, all P<0.05); after the training, in the questionnaire of doctors' satisfaction with nurses, surgical materials and instruments preparation, first aid skill operating level, attention to surgical progress, active and correct delivery, orderly and busy, coordination and communication ability, professional knowledge, evaluation ability and foresight, ability to deal with emergencies, clear division of labor and good cooperation, and responsibility scores were 4.22 ± 0.58, 4.52 ± 0.54, 4.53 ± 0.47, 4.43 ± 0.58, 4.44 ± 0.44, 4.37 ± 0. 59, 4.45 ± 0.51, 4.51 ± 0.53, 4.51 ± 0.57, 4.17 ± 0.63, which were higher than the pre-training 4.05 ± 0.58, 4.38 ± 0.56, 4.26 ± 0.76, 4.04 ± 0.67, 4.25 ± 0.62, 4.19 ± 0.74, 4.25 ± 0.74, 4.34 ± 0.67, 4.21 ± 0.84 and 3.56 ± 0.58. All differences were statistically significant ( t values were -8.22 to -2.10, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The training method based on video tracking method improved the emergency rescue ability of operating room nurses and the doctor's satisfaction with rescue cooperation, and provided a reference for the training of operating room nurses.
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Abstract The growing investments in information technology (IT) each year pushes public sector organizations to develop the ability to gather, integrate, and implement these resources to improve organizational processes. Public sector organizations have to be agile and flexible to meet society's dynamic demands. In this sense, IT management and creating an organizational environment facilitating innovation are crucial measures. These organizations must learn to cultivate IT capabilities and innovativeness to improve their performance and create public value. Thus, this study aims to identify the existing relationships between innovativeness, IT capabilities, IT reconfiguration capability, and organizational performance in the public sector. The research analyzed data from 254 Brazilian public organizations of the most diverse sizes and sectors using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the ability to reconfigure IT must be listed among the organizations' IT capabilities. Also, the findings suggest that IT capabilities foster organizations' innovativeness, and IT capabilities and innovativeness positively impact the organizations' performance. The study contributes to knowledge of innovation and IT capabilities by testing theoretical propositions identified in the context of the private sector but insufficiently assessed in the public sector. Finally, the study points out ways for public managers to better prepare their institutions to face constantly changing environments.
Resumen En vista del creciente volumen de recursos invertidos anualmente en tecnología de la información, las organizaciones del sector público deben tener cada vez más la capacidad de reunir, integrar e implementar recursos de TI para satisfacer las necesidades de los procesos organizacionales. Además, a las organizaciones públicas se les exige cada vez más ser más ágiles y flexibles para poder atender las demandas dinámicas de las sociedades. En este sentido, las organizaciones públicas deben ser capaces de gestionar y aplicar adecuadamente los recursos informáticos de los que disponen, así como crear entornos organizativos que permitan y favorezcan el florecimiento de la innovación. Es decir, deben aprender a cultivar las capacidades de TI y la innovación, con el objetivo de cumplir mejor su misión y crear valor público. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es identificar las relaciones existentes entre la innovación, las capacidades de TI, la capacidad de reconfiguración de TI y el desempeño organizacional, en el contexto del sector público. Para ello, se analizaron datos de 254 organizaciones públicas brasileñas de los más diversos tamaños y sectores, utilizando un enfoque de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados indicaron que la capacidad de reconfigurar la TI debe figurar entre las capacidades de TI de las organizaciones públicas, así como que las capacidades de TI desempeñan un papel en el fomento de la innovación de las organizaciones y que ambas (capacidades de TI e innovación) tienen un impacto positivo en el desempeño de las organizaciones. Al contrastar proposiciones teóricas identificadas en el contexto del sector privado, pero insuficientemente evaluadas en el sector público, el estudio agrega un bloque en la construcción de conocimiento sobre la capacidad de innovación y las capacidades de TI, además de señalar caminos para los gestores públicos sobre cómo pueden hacer que sus instituciones estén mejor preparadas para enfrentar entornos en constante cambio.
Resumo Tendo em vista o crescente volume de recursos investidos em tecnologia da informação a cada ano, as organizações do setor público devem cada vez mais ter a capacidade de reunir, integrar e implementar recursos de TI, a fim de atender às necessidades dos processos organizacionais. Além disso, as organizações públicas são cada vez mais exigidas a serem mais ágeis e flexíveis para atender às demandas dinâmicas das sociedades. Nesse sentido, as organizações públicas devem ser capazes de administrar e aplicar adequadamente os recursos de TI de que dispõem, bem como criar ambientes organizacionais que permitam e estimulem o florescimento da inovação. Ou seja, devem aprender a cultivar as capacidades de TI e a inovação, com o objetivo de melhor cumprir sua missão e criar valor público. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar as relações existentes entre inovatividade, capacidades de TI, capacidade de reconfiguração de TI e desempenho organizacional, no contexto do setor público. Para tanto, dados de 254 organizações públicas brasileiras, dos mais diversos portes e setores, foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Os resultados indicaram que a capacidade de reconfigurar TI deve ser listada entre as capacidades de TI das organizações públicas, bem como que as capacidades de TI desempenham um papel no fomento da inovação das organizações e que ambas (as capacidades de TI e a inovatividade) têm um impacto positivo no desempenho das organizações. Ao testar proposições teóricas identificadas no contexto do setor privado, mas insuficientemente avaliadas no setor público, o estudo acrescenta um bloqueio na construção do conhecimento sobre capacidade de inovação e capacidades de TI, além de apontar caminhos para gestores públicos sobre como eles podem tornar suas instituições mais bem preparadas para enfrentar ambientes em constante mudança.
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Innovación Organizacional , Eficiencia , Tecnología de la InformaciónRESUMEN
Medical rescue bases for nuclear or radiological emergencies are mostly composed of institutions that have obtained the qualification of radiological health technical service (Class A) or the qualification of radiation-induced disease diagnosis. Institutions of radiological health have accumulated the technical capabilities of radiation monitoring, contamination detection, dose estimation, and health effects evaluation in their daily work, which can play an important role in the response to nuclear or radiological emergencies and realize the “combination of non-emergency and emergency use” in capacity building. It is suggested that institutions of radiological health at all levels should continue to take advantage of their strengths, improve their capabilities through participating in radiation monitoring projects, and actively participate in the assessment of assay capabilities of institutions of radiological health, so as to provide personnel and technical reserves for the health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.
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Ethiopia, as a State Party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has committed to upholding the rights of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. There is little evidence, however, reflecting the impact of this commitment on the lived experiences of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study sought to uncover how the experiences of participation and activity shape the enactment of rights for Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the UNCRPD. Method: Analysis of 25 qualitative interviews with people with disabilities and family members living in Ethiopia used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to arrive at central themes. Results: People with disabilities in Ethiopia experience marginalization, distress and practical challenges in both routine daily activities and participation in broader social roles and opportunities. These experiences affect their ability to claim many of the rights afforded by the UNCRPD. Conclusion: Despite legislative efforts to bring about change in Ethiopia, people with disabilities continue to live on the social margins. A meaningful change will require substantial allocation of needed resources by the Ethiopian government to support national-level programs and policy change. It is critical that people with disabilities and their families are engaged in receiving relevant support and serve as change leaders. Contribution: This study illustrates how marginalization, distress and practical challenges in daily activities and social participation arise and are sustained for people with disabilities in Ethiopia. The findings can help to inform the country's efforts to enact the rights of Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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Cuerpos de Inclusión , Personas con Discapacidad , Etiopía , Discriminación Social , Investigación Cualitativa , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad , Acontecimientos que Cambian la VidaRESUMEN
Ethiopia, as a State Party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has committed to upholding the rights of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. There is little evidence, however, reflecting the impact of this commitment on the lived experiences of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study sought to uncover how the experiences of participation and activity shape the enactment of rights for Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the UNCRPD. Method: Analysis of 25 qualitative interviews with people with disabilities and family members living in Ethiopia used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to arrive at central themes. Results: People with disabilities in Ethiopia experience marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in both routine daily activities and participation in broader social roles and opportunities. These experiences affect their ability to claim many of the rights afforded by the UNCRPD. Conclusion: Despite legislative efforts to bring about change in Ethiopia, people with disabilities continue to live on the social margins. A meaningful change will require substantial allocation of needed resources by the Ethiopian government to support national-level programmes and policy change. It is critical that people with disabilities and their families are engaged in receiving relevant support and serve as change leaders. Contribution: This study illustrates how marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in daily activities and social participation arise and are sustained for people with disabilities in Ethiopia. The findings can help to inform the country's efforts to enact the rights of Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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Cuerpos de Inclusión , Conducta de Elección , Personas con Discapacidad , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Investigación Cualitativa , EtiopíaRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción. En la actualidad nos encontramos en un mundo competitivo donde es indispensable que una empresa adquiera y asimile el conocimiento externo para lograr transformar sus prácticas empresariales y explotarlo con el fin de garantizar su sostenibilidad en el mercado. Objetivo. Esta investigación pretende identificar la relación existente entre las dimensiones del constructo capacidad de absorción en las empresas pertenecientes a los sectores servicios e industria, elegidos debido a su alto aporte al PIB, ubicados en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos. Como técnica para recolectar los datos se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto por 13 ítems, calificados en una escala Likert de 1 a 5, de acuerdo con las dimensiones de la capacidad dinámica de absorción del conocimiento, la metodología utilizada para analizar la información fue bajo el método econométrico de regresión lineal simple. Resultados. Conforme con los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir con un nivel de confianza del 95 % que existe influencia entre todas las dimensiones para las empresas analizadas. Conclusión. Para que una organización pueda explotar su conocimiento con fines comerciales es necesario que desarrolle las dimensiones de adquisición, asimilación, transformación y explotación las cuales integran la capacidad dinámica de absorción del conocimiento, y a su vez posea personal con las competencias para articular el conocimiento identificado en el entorno con las prácticas de la organización.
Abstract Introduction. Nowadays we find ourselves in a competitive world where it is indispensable for a company to acquire and assimilate external knowledge to transform its business practices and exploit it to ensure its sustainability in the market. Objective. This research aims to identify the relationship between the dimensions of the absorptive capacity construct in companies belonging to the service and industry sectors, due to their high contribution to the GDP, located in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods. A questionnaire composed of 13 items, rated on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, according to the dimensions of the dynamic capacity of knowledge absorption, was used as a technique to collect the data. The methodology used to analyze the information was under the econometric method of simple linear regression. Results. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded with a confidence level of 95 % that there is an influence between all the dimensions for the analyzed companies. Conclusion. For an organization to exploit its knowledge for commercial purposes, it is necessary to develop the dimensions of acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation which integrate the dynamic capacity for the absorption of knowledge, and in turn has personnel with the skills to articulate the knowledge identified in the environment with the practices of the organization.
Resumo Introdução. No mundo competitivo de hoje, é essencial para uma empresa adquirir e assimilar conhecimento externo a fim de transformar suas práticas comerciais e explorá-lo para garantir sua sustentabilidade no mercado. Objetivo. Esta pesquisa visa identificar a relação entre as dimensões da capacidade de absorção construída em empresas pertencentes aos setores de serviços e indústria, devido a sua alta contribuição ao PIB, localizadas na cidade de Bucaramanga. Materiais e métodos. Um questionário composto por 13 itens foi utilizado como técnica para coletar os dados, classificados em uma escala Likert de 1 a 5, de acordo com as dimensões da capacidade dinâmica de absorção do conhecimento, a metodologia utilizada para analisar as informações estava sob o método econométrico de regressão linear simples. Resultados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir com um nível de confiança de 95 % que existe uma influência entre toda as dimensões para as empresas analisadas. Conclusão. Para que uma organização explore seu conhecimento para fins comerciais, é necessário desenvolver as dimensões de aquisição, assimilação, transformação e exploração que integrem a capacidade dinâmica de absorção doconhecimento, e por sua vez possui pessoal com as competências para articular o conhecimento identificado no ambiente com as práticas daorganização.
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Introducción: Pese a los esfuerzos, las metas de control de la tuberculosis no han sido alcanzadas debido, en gran parte, a problemas de gestión de los programas de tuberculosis. El año 2015 fue un hito en la lucha contra la tuberculosis en Colombia. Objetivo: Evaluar los procesos y las capacidades de la Estrategia Alto a la Tuberculosis en el Valle del Cauca-Colombia para generar conocimiento útil para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y operativas para todos sus actores. Métodos: El estudio se enmarca dentro de lo que se denomina investigación evaluativa. El diseño de la evaluación general fue un abordaje mixto (cualitativo-cuantitativo), y en particular, el componente de procesos y capacidades tuvo un abordaje cualitativo. El periodo de análisis fue 2008-2014 y la información se recolectó en 2015-2016 y se analizó en 2016-2017. Resultados: Se evidenciaron avances en la inclusión de la Estrategia en los planes territoriales e institucionales, así como en el desarrollo de herramientas para el seguimiento, pero bajos niveles de articulación interprogramática e institucionalización de la gestión de medicamentos. Se observó una escasa adaptación de estrategias de prevención, captación, detección y seguimiento de pacientes a las realidades locales, así como bajo grado de articulación entre instituciones y comunidad, de alianzas estratégicas y escasos procesos de gestión del conocimiento. Conclusiones: Se observa un encadenamiento de debilidades que explican un bajo desempeño local y departamental. Cada institución cumple con lo que establece la norma, haciendo lo que puede con lo que tiene, con un bajo enfoque estratégico de abordaje tanto a nivel territorial como institucional(AU)
Introduction: Despite the efforts, the tuberculosis control goals have not been achieved due, in large part, to problems of management of the tuberculosis programs. 2015 was a milestone in the fight against tuberculosis in Colombia. Objective: To evaluate the processes and capacities of the Stop Tuberculosis Strategy in Valle del Cauca, Colombia to generate useful knowledge for making strategic and operational decisions for all stakeholders. Methods: The study is framed within what is called evaluative research. The design of the general evaluation was a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), and in particular, the processes and capabilities component had a qualitative approach. The analysis period was 2008-2014 and the information was collected in 2015-2016 and analyzed in 2016-2017. Results: Progress was evident in the inclusion of the Strategy in territorial and institutional plans, as well as in the development of monitoring tools, but low levels of inter-program coordination and institutionalization of drug management. Scant adaptation of strategies was observed for prevention, recruitment, detection and monitoring of patients to local realities, as well as a low degree of articulation of strategic alliances between institutions and the community, and few knowledge management processes. Conclusions: There is a chain of weaknesses that explains poor local and departmental performance. Each institution complies with what is established in the norm, doing what they can with what they have, with a low strategic approach to tactic both at the territorial and institutional level(AU)
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Humanos , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Evaluación de Procesos, Atención de Salud/métodos , ColombiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE：To provide evidence for promoting the scientific resea rch ability and talent team construction of hospital pharmacists. METHODS ：From Dec. 2019 to Apr. 2020，“Survey Form for Scientific Research Ability of Hospital Pharmacists”were issued to pharmacists in 62 medical institutions from 20 provinces across the country. The questionnaire was mainly based on five aspects ，i.e. general information of surveyed pharmacists ，the number of internal/external funds and patents approved in recent five years （2015-2019），the number of papers published in domestic/abroad/SCI journals ，the familiarity with scientific research projects ，the difficulties in carrying out scientific research. The collected data were summarized and analyzed with R 4.0.3 software. RESULTS ：A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out ，and 288 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 96％. Among surveyed pharmacists ，94 were male and 194 were female. The majority of them were 31-39 years old （52.78％）；56.25％，28.12％ and 15.63％ of them had bachelor ’s degree ，master’s degree and doctor ’s degree respectively，and 156（54.17％）had intermediate title. Totally 74.66％ of hospital pharmacists thought it was very necessary or necessary to carry out research projects （involving all doctors ，26 masters and 4 bachelors）. There were significant differences among pharmacists with different educational background in respects of the number of applications for internal and external funds and patents ，as well as the number of papers published in domestic/foreign/SCI journals ，and most of them were doctors （P＜ 0.05）. In recent five years ，most of hospital pharmacists had published 1-3 papers in domestic journals ，accounting for 44.80％， while 27.08％ had published papers in SCI journals. Totally 51.39％ of hospital pharmacists were not familiar or not very familiar with scientific research projects funding （most of them had bachelor ’s degree ）；52.43％ expressed that experimental conditions were the biggest difficulty in conducting scientific research. CONCLUSIONS：This survey shows that hospital pharmacists have a relatively positive attitude towards scientific researchprojects. Most of papers are published in domestic journals. 8804919。E-mail：songjc1234@126.com However， there are still many shortcomings in scientific research status. Scientific research capabilities need to be improved. Experimental conditions also limit the scientific research projects to a certain extent. Hospitals need to strengthen funding for pharmacist research projects ，strengthen academic exchanges ， so that pharmacists can understand scientific research projects more comprehensively and systematically.
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@#BACKGROUND: Emergency medical service system (EMSS) is essential in providing acute care services for health conditions. However, trends of emergency and acute care in China haven’t been studied systematically. METHODS: Relevant literature was carefully reviewed, including original and review articles, letters, government reports, yearbooks, both in Chinese and in English. Data on the number of emergency visits, physicians and beds in emergency departments (EDs), and the workforce of pre-hospital emergency care were summarized and analyzed from China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbooks (2006-2018). RESULTS: Over the past decade, the number of ED visits tripled from 51.9 million to 166.5 million; and utilization of pre-hospital emergency care increased from 3.2 million to 6.8 million. In response to rapid increases in demand, the number of licensed emergency physicians raised from 20,058 to 59,409; the beds’ number increased from 10,783 to 42,367. For pre-hospital emergency care, the volume of health workforce increased from 3,687 to 8,671, with a 109% increase in the number of physicians from 1,774 to 3,712. However, overcrowding, the long length of stay in EDs, poor work environment, and work exhaustion were still the critical challenges faced by China’s EMSS. CONCLUSIONS: The number of emergency visits has grown with continual capability enhancement during the past decade. However, overcrowding, the long length of stay in EDs, poor work environment, and work exhaustion still need to be solved by China’s EMSS. These findings and comparison with the USA could offer experiences and lessons to EMSS development worldwide, especially for developing countries.
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Objective To fully grasp the professional technical capabilities of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, and so as to provide the basis for giving full play to the role of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, exploring and planning the development direction of radiological health technical institutions in China. Methods From September to December, 2019, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC issued questionnaires to 37 provincial level radiological health technical institutions. The basic situation of department setting, number and composition of professional and technical personnel, equipment and radiological health work of the institutions that undertake radiological health related responsibilities were investigated, summarized and analyzed. Results Thirty-seven provincial level institutions participated in this survey, including 24 centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 institutions for Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, and 2 other institutions related to radiological health.Most of the institutions were qualified for radiological health related testing or evaluation; Thirty institutions had set up independent radiological health departments. There were 627 people engaged in radiological health professional and technical work, 83.4% of whom were officially on the staffs, and 16.6% are contract staffs.The distribution of gender, age, qualifications, professional title and working years in the radiological health was relatively reasonable, but only 25.8% of the staffs had the radiological education background. From 2014 to 2018, the number of radiological health professional and technical personals inflows and outflows was 164 and 65, respectively. Each institution undertakes 14.6 radiological health responsibilities in average. The annual workload of provincial level institutions was large, but there were relatively few laboratories and instruments for radionuclide measurement and internal radiation measurement. Conclusion The provincial level radiological health technical institutions still need to strengthen the capability building and make up the short board, play the leading and guiding role in provincial regions, so as to promote the further development of the national radiological health work.
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Objective To master and analyze the current situation of the monitoring technical ability of the radiation occupational hazards in the grass-roots CDCs in our province, and to provide relevant scientific basis for the modernization of the occupational health technical support system of the radiation occupational hazards in our province. Methods By means of questionnaire, we investigated, summarized and analyzed the status of the department setting, personnel and equipment of the technical service institutions for monitoring radiation occupational hazards in grassroots CDCs in our province. Results In terms of department setting, the setting rate of city and state level is 40.0%, and that of county and district level is 12.8%. In terms of human resources, the average number of people in each institution is 2.6, of which 61.1% are part-time employees and 38.9% are full-time employees. The average number of employees in each institution at county and district level is 1.1, of which 95.7% are part-time employees and 4.3% are full-time employees. The educational background distribution of municipal and county-level institutions were mainly undergraduate, accounting for 80.5% and 50.0% respectively. The educational background of staff in municipal and state level institutions was mainly occupational health, accounting for 58.3%, while the education background of staff in county and district level institutions was mainly other disciplines of medical and health, accounting for 64.1%. Conclusion Therefore, health administrative departments at all levels should support and guide CDCs at all levels to speed up the system layout and basic capacity-building according to the construction standards of technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control.
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The primary objective of this article is to explore effects of latest development in the area of three dimensional(3D) printing & to assess its abilities,and further undertake helpful reporting.Here the focus is to assess ad-vantages of 3D printing in orthopedics and analyze how 3D printed models help solve complex 3D orthopedics distortions.This study identified that 3D models manufactured by 3D printing models reduce medical parts de-velopment cost and surgical planning time.Integrating 3D printing with orthopaedics helps in understanding the conditions of problems and achieving the operation successfully.This technology can enable doctors/surgeons to design,produce,recreate and plan operations more accurately,carefully,and economically.3D models can assist specialists with a visual comprehension of the patient-particular pathology and life structures.Innovation in 3D printing initiated a scaffold for the virtual outline and execution of medical procedures.This research proposes the utilisation of 3D printers as an elective procedure for the fabrication of parts.It empowers surgeons/patients for better training,education and research.In the future,there is a foreseeable expansion of additive manufacturing in orthopedics.
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Resumen El enfoque de capacidades dinámicas, constituye una alternativa de análisis dentro del área disciplinar de la gestión estratégica. La revisión de autores seminales permite exponer sus componentes y contextos de aplicación. Este enfoque permite plantear un marco teórico ordenado para ser aplicado en entornos de alta volatilidad como los actuales. Las empresas generan capacidades que les permiten responder rápidamente ante los requerimientos del mercado, adecuarse a los cambios tecnológicos y operar en un futuro impredecible. Cuando las organizaciones desarrollan capacidades dinámicas, adaptan y reconfiguran los recursos y capacidades, para atender las exigencias del entorno.
Abstract The Dynamic Capabilities Approach constitutes an alternative analysis within the disciplinary area of strategic management. The review of seminal authors allows exposing its components and application contexts. This approach allows proposing an ordered theoretical framework to be applied in high volatility environments like the current ones. Companies generate capabilities that allow them responding quickly to market requirements, adapting to technological changes and operating in an unpredictable future. When organizations develop dynamic capabilities, they adapt and reconfigure resources and capabilities to meet the demands of the environment.
Resumo A Abordagem de Capacidades Dinâmicas constitui uma alternativa de análise na área disciplinar da gestão estratégica. A revisão dos autores seminais permite expor seus componentes e contextos de aplicação. Essa abordagem permite propor um referencial teórico ordenado a ser aplicado em ambientes de alta volatilidade, como os atuais. As empresas geram recursos que lhes permitem responder rápidamente aos requisitos do mercado, adaptar-se às mudanças tecnológicas e operar em um futuro imprevisível. Quando as organizações desenvolvem capacidades dinâmicos, adaptam e reconfiguram recursos para atender às demandas do ambiente.
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Abstract Present days, food systems are part of a global network of production, processing, distribution and consumption. Several changes in food consumption patterns boost continuous improvement and development of the food system process and new food system models according to the stage of evolution and size of economies, diversification of rural areas, the efficiency of producer organizations, export orientation and market power of different contexts. The projected human population of nine billion by 2050 has led an evergrowing discussion of the need for increased productivity in agri-food systems. The aim of this paper is analyze the main factors affecting collaboration practices between actors at the institutional level of Agri-food System in Santander Colombia. The research methodology includes techniques of content analysis and structured written questionnaires. The analysis unit consisted of a sample of eighteen actors representing universities, companies, public entities focused on issues of science and technology of the agro and associations of producers, was conducted. The main findings show the most frequent collaboration practice and the main innovation capabilities at the system level. The main recommendations focus on promoting the management of vertical, horizontal and lateral integration and Virtual collaboration. JEL Classification: O3, Q1
Resumen En la actualidad, los sistemas alimentarios forman parte de una red mundial de producción, elaboración, distribución y consumo. Varios cambios en los patrones de consumo de alimentos impulsan la mejora continua y el desarrollo del proceso del sistema alimentario y los nuevos modelos del sistema alimentario según la etapa de evolución y el tamaño de las economías, la diversificación de las zonas rurales, la eficiencia de las organizaciones de productores, la orientación a la exportación y el poder de mercado de los diferentes contextos. La población humana prevista de 9000 millones de personas para 2050 ha dado lugar a un debate cada vez más amplio sobre la necesidad de aumentar la productividad de los sistemas agroalimentarios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los principales factores que afectan a las prácticas de colaboración entre actores a nivel institucional del Sistema Agroalimentario de Santander Colombia. La metodología de investigación incluye técnicas de análisis de contenido y cuestionarios escritos estructurados. La unidad de análisis consistió en una muestra de dieciocho actores que representaban a universidades, empresas, entidades públicas enfocadas en temas de ciencia y tecnología del agro y asociaciones de productores. Los hallazgos más destacados muestran las prácticas de colaboración más frecuentes y las principales capacidades de innovación a nivel de sistema. Las principales recomendaciones se centran en promover la gestión de la integración vertical, horizontal y lateral y la colaboración virtual. Clasificación JEL: O3, Q1
Resumo Hoje, os sistemas alimentares fazem parte de uma rede mundial de produção, processamento, distribuição e consumo. Várias mudanças nos padrões de consumo de alimentos impulsionam a melhoria contínua e o desenvolvimento do processo do sistema alimentar e dos novos modelos de sistema alimentar de acordo com o estágio da evolução e o tamanho das economias, a diversificação das áreas rurais, a eficiência das organizações de produtores, orientação para a exportação e o poder de mercado de diferentes contextos. A população humana esperada de 9.000 milhões de pessoas até 2050, deu origem a um debate cada vez mais amplo sobre a necessidade de aumentar a produtividade dos sistemas agroalimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os principais fatores que afetam as práticas de colaboração entre os atores no nível institucional do Sistema Agroalimentar do Santander na Colômbia. A metodologia de pesquisa inclui técnicas de análise de conteúdo e questionários escritos estruturados. A unidade de análise consistiu em uma amostra de dezoito atores representando universidades, empresas, entidades públicas focadas em questões de ciência e tecnologia agrícola e associações de produtores. As descobertas mais importantes mostram as práticas de colaboração mais frequentes e os principais recursos de inovação no nível do sistema. As principais recomendações concentram-se em promover o gerenciamento da integração vertical, horizontal e lateral e da colaboração virtual. Classificações JEL: O3, Q1