Genetic Divergence Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm under Irrigated Conditions

The present investigation was carried out to conduct genetic divergence analysis for yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm under irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted at crop research farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. Prayagraj. The experiment was performed with 40 rice genotypes with 13 quantitative characters and 8 qualitative characters. Analysis of variance revealed that all the genotypes showing significant at 1% level of significance for all the characters. According to mean table Shiats dhan-7, Shiats dhan-2 show greater mean in grain yield per plant. Genetic parameters show PCV greater than GCV in all the characters, the traits Grain yield per plant and biological yield exhibits greater in both GCV and PCV. Heritability showing high range of estimates in all the characters as Days to maturity, Days to 50% flowering exhibit greater among all the characters. Number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield shows highest among the characters in Genetic advance. According to D2 analysis, the total genotypes are divided into five clusters, Cluster II showing greater in Intra cluster distance, Cluster V and Cluster I combination showing greater in Inter cluster distances. The Cluster IV showing highest among the clusters in the mean of Grain yield per plant. According to percentage contribution Grain yield per plant showing highest among the characters. Quality analysis had done on 35 genotypes, based upon quality characters Hulling percentage showing genotype Ajaya greater and genotype MTU-2032 shows greater in Kernel elongation ratio.

Genetic Divergence for Grain Yield and Its Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Experimental Investigation

The present investigation Comprises 34 advanced breeding lines including checks of bread wheat and experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications at the research farm department of genetics and plant breeding, RVSKVV, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa during Rabi season (November 2021 to April 2022) for estimation of the multivariate analysis of divergence. The advanced breeding lines were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of advanced breeding lines(12) and clusters V, VI, and VII contained the lowest (1 each). The inter-cluster distance in most cases was larger than the intra cluster distance which indicated that wider diversity is present among the advanced breeding lines of distant grouped. The highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster IV revealed maximum genetic divergence among its constituents. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster VI and VII and the lowest was between cluster V and VI. Highest cluster mean exhibited in cluster VII for most of the agro-morphological traits i.e. number of tillers/plant, spike length, spike weight, number of grain/spike followed by cluster II for grain filling period, days to maturity and plant height. On the basis of genetic diversity analysis, maximum percent contribution towards genetic divergence in 34 advanced breeding lines were found in grain filling period, days to maturity, number of grain/spike, days to 50% flowering, biological yield per plant and harvest index. Such differences in the genetic component of traits studied in the manuscript can be applied as a source of variation in other breeding programmes and crossing nurseries for wheat improvement.

Cluster analysis as a tool for management improvement in the sus / Uso da análise de clusters como ferramenta de apoio à gestão no sus

The institutionalization of health services evaluation tools is a strategic challenge for the development of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). The aim of the study was to explore the potential of cluster analysis as a technical tool to support the SUS management. Steps for constructing clusters applied to a concrete reality are presented and discussed, by analyzing a type of health care emergency services (AMA), in São Paulo city. The strategy was based on using secondary data to construct homogeneous groups, which allows multivariate analysis, enhancing the interpretation of the relationship between these data. The study findings indicate that this technique has the potential to be used by institutional actors in the SUS management to evaluate and to monitor health services in big cities or health regions.

A institucionalização de ferramentas de avaliação de serviços de saúde é um desafio estratégico para o desenvolvimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo do estudo realizado foi explorar o potencial da análise de clusters (análise por conglomerados) enquanto ferramenta de apoio à gestão do SUS. São apresentadas e discutidas as etapas do processo de construção dos clusters aplicadas a uma realidade concreta, por meio da análise de serviços de saúde de tipo pronto atendimento (AMA), do município de São Paulo. A estratégia metodológica baseou-se na utilização de dados secundários para a construção de agrupamentos homogêneos, o que permite análise de múltiplas variáveis potencializando a interpretação da relação entre as mesmas. Os achados do estudo indicam que essa técnica tem potencialidade para ser utilizada por atores institucionais da gestão do SUS na avaliação e monitoramento de serviços de saúde, em municípios de grande porte ou em regiões de saúde.

Sentinel phenotype for rubella embryopathy: time-space distribution in Brazil / Fenótipo sentinela para embriopatia rubéolica: distribuição em tempo e espaço no Brasil

The dyad comprising eye anomalies and congenital heart defects in the same newborn has been proposed as the best sentinel phenotype for the early detection of rubella embryopathy. Time-space birth prevalence distributions of the eye-heart dyad were described in 36 Brazilian hospitals from the Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Anomalies - ECLAMC network, for the period 1994-2008. Seventy dyad cases observed among 554,531 births showed seasonal variation (Χ2 = 5.84; p < 0.05), suggesting an environmental etiology, with an increase in cases in October-March and acrophase in December. The secular distribution of dyad prevalence rates was consistent with the distribution of rubella cases in Brazil, showing a decrease from 1994 to 2004, followed by an increase until 2008. Two geographic clusters were identified, one with high and the other with low dyad prevalence. In the high prevalence cluster, a secular increase was observed, starting in 1999, matching the rubella epidemic waves observed in Brazil in 1998-2000 and 2006.

A díade óculo-cardíaca havia sido proposta como o melhor fenótipo sentinela para detecção precoce da embriopatia rubéolica. Descrevem-se as distribuições têmporo-espaciais das prevalências ao nascimento dessa díade com material do Estudo Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformações Congênitas (ECLAMC) em 36 hospitais brasileiros no período 1994-2008. Os 70 casos em 554.531 nascimentos mostraram uma variação sazonal significativa (Χ2 = 5,84; p < 0,05), o que sugere uma etiologia ambiental, com um aumento de casos de outubro a março com acrofase em dezembro. A variação secular das prevalências da díade foi compatível com o padrão observado para a distribuição da rubéola no país, com diminuição entre 1994-2004, e ulterior aumento até 2008. Identificaram-se dois conglomerados de alta e de baixa prevalência para a díade. Dentro do conglomerado de alta prevalência, observou-se significativo acréscimo secular a partir do ano 1999, não verificado no conglomerado de baixa prevalência, nem no resto dos hospitais em estudo, compatível com a série de surtos epidêmicos registrados para a infecção rubeólica no Brasil em 1998-2000 e em 2006.

Clasificación de los hogares según su perfil de salud, para la focalización de recursos destinados a prevención, promoción y recuperación, Medellín, 2004 / Classification of homes according to health profile for the purpose of prevention, promotion and recovery resource focus, Medellin, 2004

Objetivo: obtener un constructo de salud para clasificar hogares de la ciudad de Medellín según sus condiciones de vida y salud. Materiales y métodos: para la creación del constructo de salud, se partió de los datos obtenidos en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida, Medellín, 2004, de donde se seleccionaron las variables referentes a condiciones de vida y determinantes de la salud. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para escoger aquellos que explicaban la mayor variabilidad de los hogares; posteriormente se hizo el análisis de conglomerados en dos pasos para agrupar los hogares según sus condiciones de vida y salud. Resultados: las correlaciones observadas estaban en la dirección prevista. Doce componentes principales explican el 69% de la variabilidad de los datos, aportando una mayor proporción de variabilidad las variables de las condiciones de vida. En Medellín se identificaron cinco tipologías de hogares que comparten las mismas condiciones de vida y salud. Conclusión: las técnicas multivariantes permiten concluir que la clasificación de los hogares de Medellín en cinco tipologías con respecto a los determinantes de la salud ofrece oportunidades para la formulación de programas de intervención a escala poblacional.

Objective: to obtain a health profile to classify homes of Medellín city, according to similarities due to life and health conditions. Materials and methods: for the creation of a health profile, information was taken from the data collected in the Quality of Life Survey, Medellín, 2004, where variables referring to life conditions and health determinants were selected. An analysis of mean components was made to choose those that explained the greater variability among homes, then a cluster analysis in 2 steps was performed to group the homes according to their life and health conditions. Results: the observed correlations appeared in the expected directions. A total of 12 components explain 69% of the variability of the data, contributing to a greater proportion of variability the variables of life conditions. In Medellín, 5 types of homes were identified sharing the same conditions of life and health. Conclusion: multivariant techniques allow to conclude that Medellín’s home classification into 5 types regarding their determinants of health provides opportunities to make formulation of intervention programs at the population level possible.