Acupoint Compatibility Law and Application Characteristics of Acupuncture Moxibustion Treatment of Depression Based on Complex Network Analysis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analyze the acupoint compatibility law and the application characteristics of acupuncture moxibustion treatment for depression based on complex network technology;To provide a basis and ideas for formulating prescriptions of acupuncture antidepressant therapy.Methods Related clinical literature about acupuncture for the treatment of depression was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to 21st,Sep.2022.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature was screened,and the clinical literature database of acupuncture in anti-depression was established.Excel 2010 was used for frequency analysis of acupoints.SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used for association rule analysis,and Gephi 0.9.5 was used for complex network analysis.Results Totally 579 articles were included,involving 172 acupoints,with a total frequency of 3 222.The results of descriptive analysis showed that the main meridians of acupoints were Governor Vessel,bladder meridian and liver meridian,and the specific acupoints such as Yuan-primary point,Shu-stream point,Back-shu point,Luo-connecting point,Eight confluence points,Front-mu point,He-sea point were frequently used.Association rules analysis showed that the combination of the highest correlation acupoints were"Yintang(GV29)-Baihui(GV20)".Through the complex network k-core analytic hierarchy process and community analysis,two core acupoint groups were finally obtained.The acupuncture angle,depth and direction were based on safety and meridian circulation direction,the tonifying and reducing method was based on syndrome differentiation,and the prescription was based on syndrome differentiation and symptomatic selection.Conclusion Acupuncture for depression has the following characteristics:the principle of acupoint selection is based on meridian selection and specific acupoints,the selection of core acupoints focuses on the treatment of spirit and the regulation of viscera,channels and functions,and the emphasis on syndrome differentiation and symptomatic acupoint selection in clinical treatment.While,it was important to pay more attention to the specificity of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Analysis on Medication Law of Wu Liqun in the Treatment of Tic Disorders Based on Complex Network / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore Professor Wu Liqun's medication law for treating tic disorders in children.Methods Medical records of tic disorders children treated by Professor Wu Liqun from September 2016 to October 2022 were collected,and a database was established.SPSS Statistics 23 was used for frequency statistics,and Liquorice software was used for multi-scale backbone network analysis and multi-layer core network analysis to summarize the medication law.Results Totally 709 medical records were included,involving 834 prescriptions and 203 kinds of Chinese materia medica.The drug categories were mostly tonic drugs,heat-clearing drugs,and liver-pacifying and wind-relieving drugs.The properties of the drugs were mainly warming,cold,and mild,and the meridians were mostly in the lung,liver,and spleen meridians.Complex network analysis showed that the core prescription consisted of 20 kinds of Chinese materia medica,such as Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,and 30 groups of commonly used medicine pairs and commonly used medicines with different symptoms and commodities were obtained.Conclusion Professor Wu Liqun's treatment for tic disorders in children focuses on treating"liver wind",evacuating external wind to cut off the course of the disease,soothing the liver and subduing yang to extinguish internal wind,paying attention to regulating liver qi,nourishing yin and soothing the liver,nourishing blood and extinguishing wind.

Analysis of Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Malaria Treatment Based on Data Mining / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for malaria treatment.Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the basic attributes of TCM drugs with regard to property, therapeutic methods, flavor, and meridian tropism. A complex network of TCM drug associations was constructed. Cluster analysis was applied to obtain the core drugs for malaria treatment. The Apriori algorithm was applied to analyze the association rules of these core drugs.Results A total of 357 herbs were used 3,194 times in 461 prescriptions for malaria treatment. Radix Glycyrrhizae (), Rhizoma Pinelliae (), Radix Bupleuri (), and Radix Dichroae () were the frequently used herbs through supplementing, exterior-releasing, heat-clearing, qi-rectifying, and damp-resolving therapeutic methods. Such herbs had warm, natural, and cold herbal properties; pungent, bitter, and sweet flavors; and spleen, lung, and stomach meridian tropisms. Cluster analysis showed 61 core drugs, including Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Bupleuri, and Radix Scutellariae (). Apriori association rule analysis yielded 12 binomial rules (herb pairs) and 6 trinomial rules (herb combinations). Radix Bupleuri plus Radix Scutellariae was the core herbal pair for treating malaria. This pair could be combined with Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae () for treating warm or cold malaria, combined with Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae () or Radix Dichroae () for treating miasmic malaria, or combined with turtle shells () for treating malaria with splenomegaly.Conclusions TCM can be used to classify and treat malaria in accordance with the different stages of development. As the core herbal pair, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae can be combined with other drugs to treat malaria with different syndrome types.

Analysis of acupoint-symptom relationship in CHENG Dan-an's Note About Treatise on Cold-Attack based on complex network / 中国针灸

Acupoint-symptom relationship in CHENG Dan-an's Note About Treatise on Cold-Attack was analyzed based on complex network, acupoint names and indications were extracted from the book, which provided ideas and methods for promoting the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion by using complex network technology. A total of 112 acupoints in 201 acupuncture prescriptions were included, and the total frequency of acupoints was 880 times, forming 42 034 acupoint pairs. In terms of network indexes, compared with the complex network of comprehensive acupuncture books, such as Meridian and Acupoint Science, Zhenjiu Dacheng, Acupuncture A and B Meridians formed based on the same mathematical method, the complex network model for CHENG Dan-an's Note About Treatise on Cold-Attack shows more typical small world effect, which is characterized by higher network density (6.762) and shorter average path length (1.064). This phenomenon may be related to the tongue and pulse which added the link between acupoints. For the node indexes, the analysis of topological indexes such as Page Rank shows that acupoints represented by Dazhui (GV 14) has higher compatibility value in the treatment of exogenous diseases, which further demonstrates the clinical value of eigenvector centrality in guiding intelligent compatibility of points.

The formula and medication rules of Chinese patent medicines for jaundice based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the formula and medication rules based on the Chinese patent medicines database for treating jaundice, so as to provide reference for the treatment of jaundice.Methods:By using descriptive statistics and data mining methods to analyze the current condition of Chinese patent medicines treating jaundice, Chinese medicines that are frequently appeared and the Chinese medicine paris as well as the combination of mediicnes, and then by using complex network clustering and topology parameter analysis to screen the potential formulations and core Chinese medicines.Results:Seventy-nine Chinese patent medicines with the function of heat-clearing and detoxification were obtained, heat-clearing and removing dampness, and removing jaundice. A total of 233 Chinese medicines are involved, and the most frequently used are Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, etc. The Chinese medicine pairs with high association rule support were Scutellariae Radix- Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Gardeniae Fructus- Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, etc. Based on the compatibility network, four clusters with close connection were obtained, including 23 Chinese medicines. According to the degree and closeness index, the core nodes of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Bovis Calculus, Carthami Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were obtained. Conclusion:The combination of herbs and formula for treating icterus conforms to the TCM theory and clinical practice, which could provide reference for the treatment of icterus with TCM and related Chinese patent medicine research.

Material basis and molecular mechanism of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in activating blood:based on computer-aided drug design / 中国中药杂志

Angelicae Sinensis Radix excels in activating blood, but the scientific mechanism has not been systematically analyzed, thus limiting the development of the medicinal. This study employed the computer-aided drug design methods, such as structural similarity-based target reverse prediction, complex network analysis, molecular docking, binding free energy calculation, cluster analysis, and ADMET(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) calculation, and enzyme activity assay in vitro, to explore the components and mechanism of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in activating blood. Target reverse prediction and complex network analysis yielded 40 potential anticoagulant targets of the medicinal. Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the targets mainly acted on the complement and coagulation cascade signaling pathway to exert the anticoagulant function. Among them, the key enzymes thrombin(THR) and coagulation factor Xa(FXa) in coagulation cascade and thrombosis were the drug targets for thromboembolic diseases. At the same time, molecular docking and cluster analysis showed that the medicinal had high selectivity for FXa. According to binding free energy score, 8 potential active components were selected for enzyme activity assay in vitro. The results demonstrated that 8 components inhibited THR and FXa, and the inhibition was stronger on FXa than on THR. The pharmacophore model of 8 active compounds was constructed, which suggested that the components had the common pharmacophore AAHH. The ADMET calculation result indicated that they had good pharmacokinetic properties and were safe. Based on target reverse prediction, complex network analysis, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation, anticoagulant activity in vitro, spatial binding conformation of molecules and targets, pharmacophore model construction, and ADMET calculation, this study preliminarily clarified the material basis and molecular mechanism of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in activating blood from the perspective of big data, and calculated the pharmacology and toxicology parameters of the active components. Our study, for the first time, revealed that the medicinal had obvious selectivity and pertinence for different coagulation proteins, reflecting the unique effect of different Chinese medicinals and the biological basis. Therefore, this study can provide clues for precision application of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the development of the blood-activating components with modern technology.

Complex Network Analysis of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule in Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Based on Louvain Clustering / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics as well as the optimal schemes of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection （URTI） in the real world. Method:The information of 454 patients receiving Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for URTI was collected from the electronic medical data warehouse constructed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， which covered 16 large-scale tertiary Class A hospital information systems （HISs）. The harvested information was subjected to descriptive analysis， Apriori algorithm-based analysis and Louvain （BGLL） algorithm-based complex network analysis to explore the clinical medication schemes. Result:The commonly adopted medication schemes were heat-clearing and detoxicating Chinese medicinal injections combined with expectorants， analgesic-antipyretic drugs， or antibacterial agents in western medicine. Besides， the combination with heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving Chinese medicinals， vitamins， or hypotensive， lipid-lowering， hypoglycemic， coronary circulation-improving， or antiplatelet aggregation drugs targeting the underlying diseases was also detectable. Conclusion:The complex network analysis based on BGLL clustering method can be used to find out the medication rules of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for URTI. The traditional Chinese medicine has been widely employed for resolving phlegm and relieving cough due to its good efficacy. The combination with antibiotics follows the guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents. Drug safety is one of the most concerned aspects in clinical drug combination. The uncovering of these rules has provided a direction for exploring the optimal treatments.

Alterations of brain functional complex network in temporal lobe epilepsy patients: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate longitudinal alterations of brain functional complex network by rest-stage functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and graph theory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:A total of 13 TLE patients (TLE baseline group) and 13 healthy controls (healthy control group) were enrolled to observe alterations in complex functional network. The subjects were recruited in the Epilepsy Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2015 to April 2018. For longitudinal analysis, TLE patients were followed-up for three years (TLE follow-up group). All participants underwent rs-fMRI and attention network test (ANT). Finally, a cross-sectional study was conducted by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) between the TLE baseline group and the healthy control group, and a longitudinal analysis was conducted by comparing the AUC between the TLE baseline group and the TLE follow-up group.Results:Cross-sectional analysis showed that the alerting function of the TLE baseline group was declined [The tonic alertness reaction time, phasic alertness reaction time and alertness were (727.00±126.07) ms, (692.85±132.37) ms, and (34.15±23.50) ms, respectively in the TLE baseline group, which were (639.87±81.41) ms, (589.50±80.59) ms, and (50.37±14.71) ms, respectively in the healthy control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups ( t=-2.09, P=0.047; t=-2.41, P=0.024; t=2.11, P=0.045)]; the TLE baseline group demonstrated decreased clustering coefficient in left supplementary motor area (SMA.L)(AUC was 0.162±0.044, 0.189±0.021, respectively; t=-4.14, P=4.67E-04) and left inferior parietal supramarginal angular gyri (AUC was 0.178±0.021, 0.202±0.026, respectively; t=-2.42, P=0.024), and decreased nodal local efficiency in SMA.L (AUC was 0.239±0.045, 0.260±0.022, respectively; t=-4.13, P=4.77E-04) and left inferior temporal gyrus (AUC was 0.233±0.036, 0.253±0.027, respectively; t=-3.03, P=0.006) compared with the healthy control group, and both SMA.L clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency were positively correlated with TLE patients′ duration ( r=0.652, P<0.05; r=0.611, P<0.05). Longitudinal analysis showed that the global network efficiency of the TLE follow-up group decreased (The AUC of the TLE baseline group was 0.182±0.008, and the AUC of the TLE follow-up group was 0.169±0.015, t=2.73, P=0.017), which was negatively correlated with alertness ( r=-0.617, P<0.05). Conclusions:TLE patients show impairment of topological properties of brain functional network. SMA.L is a significant node in network. Alterations of brain functional network associate with duration. The decline in global network efficiency may be a characteristic of progressive deficit to TLE.

Complex network analysis of combination medication of patients with kidney malignant tumor based in real world / 中国中药杂志

Kidney malignant tumor is a type of primary renal cell carcinoma, and mainly refers to renal cancer. The incidence of kidney cancer and the number of hospital cases in China have been increasing. Based on the clinical medicine information of patients in the hospital information system(HIS) database of 37 hospitals in China, the combined medication of patients with kidney malignant tumor were analyzed by Tabu search algorithm, so as to analyze the combined medication of patients with kidney malignant tumor in real world. A total of 7 095 patients with kidney malignant tumor were included, the ratio of males to females was 2.11∶1, and the ratio of male patients increased gradually with age. About 3 933 patients(55.43%) showed a superior effect among those patients. The common therapies of patients with kidney malignant tumor were anti-tumor therapies and symptomatic therapies, including anti-infection, regulation of electrolyte balance, sedation and analgesia, analgesic, regulation of gastrointestinal function. The whole population of patients with kidney malignant tumor were mostly treated with anti-tumor drugs combined with more symptomatic therapies, while the anti-tumor therapies of the superiority population of patients were less combined with other drugs, with less combined medication. The result may be related to the stage of tumor or individual response to the therapeutic regimen. No matter for the whole population or for the superiority population of patients with kidney malignant tumor, the therapies was mainly Western medicines. Based on the pathogenesis of deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality with kidney malignant tumor, Chinese subgroups with formula for clearing heat and removing toxicity, formula for vigorate Qi and replenish the blood, formula for regulate Qi and invigorate the blood, laxative and hemostatic were more commonly used. In the future, further studies shall be conducted for combined therapies for patients of different stages, so as to play the advantages of multi-target, overall regulation, toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement of traditional Chinese medicine, improve the life quality of patients with kidney malignant tumor, prolong their life time, and improve the survival rate of patients.

Combination rule analysis of classic formulae in “formulae-herb” network based on overlapping community / 中草药

The compatibility of Chinese materia medica (CMM) studies the relations between herbs and their interacting effects. With complex medications for individuals and massive CMM data, it is difficult for traditional data mining methods to reveal the inherent rules in compatibility analysis. This paper with the theory of complex network constructs a “formulae-herb” network to analyze herb combinations based on the overlapping communities for internal rules in CMM classic formulae. Based on the complex network, the formulae can be abstracted to a graph and represented by nodes and edges, herbs as nodes, and the relationships of herbs as edges. The edges were weighted according to the frequency of co-occurrence of two herbs. “Formulae-herb” network was then constructed based on all formulae in the study. A definition “herb influence” was introduced into the network to identify important herb nodes, with which a method of “formulae-herb” network division was introduced based on overlapping communities to discover the structure of the herb relations. Finally, the inherent laws in the community were discussed. A “formulae-herb” network was constructed based on 112 formulae from Treatise on Cold Damage. Herbs with high influence are in line with Zhang Zhong-Jing's medication principle of “combining cold and warm, use of pungent, sweet and bitter together”. This paper also incorporates FCM (fuzzy C-means) algorithm to discover the commonly used herb groups hidden in the medication. A model of treating Shaoyin syndrom was constructed as an application. Herbs with high influence were in line with the treating method of “warming meridian and reinforcing yang, promoting urination and draining dampness”. The result showed that multiple herb groups were clearly classified. “Formulae-herb” network model showed high quality overlapping community structures, the analysis of inherent laws in the community can provide basis for the exploration of compatibility rules of herbs and internal rules in formulae regularities.

A metrics method for cellular network structure / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Communication between cells is indispensable in a multicellular organism society. Many cells communicate with each other, forming a complex cellular network structure. It is very important to measure and evaluate the relevant attribute values of cellular network structure. OBJECTIVE: To propose a metrics method of cellular network structure based on a complex network. METHODS: Based on literature research and practical application, the metrics framework of cellular network structure was established. The structure of cellular network was measured in the aspects of the degree of node, the degree distribution of cellular network, the average path length of cellular network and the cluster coefficient of cellular network. A small experiment was taken as an example to verify the validity of the method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the degree distribution of cellular networks, the degree values of most cell nodes are relatively small, and only a small number of cell nodes have higher degree values. The more obvious power-law distribution of the degree distribution P(k) of cell nodes indicates the more reasonable structure of the cellular network as well as the more normal cellular network. At the same time, many cellular network structures have smaller average path lengths. The larger cluster coefficient of the cellular network indicates the higher aggregation characteristics of the cellular network. Generally speaking, the tighter the cell network structure is, the more obvious the clustering characteristics of the cell network structure are, and the more normal the cellular network is.

Symptom network topological features predict the effectiveness of herbal treatment for pediatric cough / 医学前沿

Pediatric cough is a heterogeneous condition in terms of symptoms and the underlying disease mechanisms. Symptom phenotypes hold complicated interactions between each other to form an intricate network structure. This study aims to investigate whether the network structure of pediatric cough symptoms is associated with the prognosis and outcome of patients. A total of 384 cases were derived from the electronic medical records of a highly experienced traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physician. The data were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic effect, namely, an invalid group (group A with 40 cases of poor efficacy) and a valid group (group B with 344 cases of good efficacy). Several well-established analysis methods, namely, statistical test, correlation analysis, and complex network analysis, were used to analyze the data. This study reports that symptom networks of patients with pediatric cough are related to the effectiveness of treatment: a dense network of symptoms is associated with great difficulty in treatment. Interventions with the most different symptoms in the symptom network may have improved therapeutic effects.

Rule of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment of hiccup: a study based on complex network analysis / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To explore the rule of acupoint combination in acupuncture treatment of hiccups. METHODS: Original research articles on acupuncture treatment of hiccup were collected from databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Pubmed by using key words of "hiccup", "acupuncture" "diaphragmatic spasm" "body acupuncture" "filiform needle" and "electroacupuncture". According to our inclusive and exclusive criteria, the collected data were extracted to establish an acupuncture prescription database for hiccup. Then, the regularities of acupoint combinations for hiccup were analyzed by using Gephi complex network analysis software. RESULTS: ;A total of 606 articles containing 634 acupoint prescriptions for acupuncture treatment of hiccups were brought into analysis. There were 133 single-acupoint prescriptions (20.98%), which was significantly lower than the multi-acupoint prescription (501, accounting for 79.02%). There were mainly acupoints in multi-acupoint prescriptions, and distal-proximal acupoint combination method were often used as the basis of acupoint selection (326, accounting for 65.07%). A total of 163 acupoints were involved, with a total frequency of 2 969. Among them, Neiguan(PC6) was used most frequently (400 times, accounting for 13.47%), followed by Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), Danzhong (CV17), and Taichong (LR3). The acupoints of the Conceptional Vessel(666 times, accounting for 22.43%), and Stomach Meridian, Pericardium Meridian and Liver Meridian were chiefly used. There were 67 specific acupoints, the frequency of use was 2 555 times(accounting for 86.05% of the total frequency), among which the frequency of the five Shu-points was the highest (875 times, accounting for 29.47% of the total frequency), and followed by eight confluence points. CONCLUSION: ;The core acupoints are PC6, ST36, CV12, etc. and the distal-proximal acupoint combination method found in this study are often used as the basis of acupoint selection and acupoint prescription for acupuncture treatment of hiccup.

Construction of Prescription Database of The Four Medical Tantras and Analysis of Its Medication Rules Based on Complex Network Analysis and Visual FoxPro / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: The Four Medical Tantras is a classic work of Tibetan medicine, in which drug treatment is one of the four main treatment methods, and prescriptions are the main form of clinical drug use. The study on the medication rules of The Four Medical Tantras has positive significance for the clinical medication research of Tibetan medicine. Method: Prescriptions recorded in Secret Medical Code and Follow-up Medical Code from The Four Medical Tantras were collected, the prescription database was constructed by Visual FoxPro 9.0, combined the dual perspectives of the " fifteen categories" (skabs bco lnga) of Tibetan medical diseases and the " eighteen practices" (lag len bco brgyad) of treatment, and Gephi 0.9.2 complex network was used to analyze its medication rules. Result: The Four Medical Tantras contained 2 695 Tibetan medicine prescriptions, average number of drugs in each prescription was 6.6, prescription composed of ≤ 7 drugs accounted for 69.2%of the total prescription. There were 1 002 kinds of medicines involved in the total prescription, of which 156 was the nodal degrees of Chebulae Fructus, Bambusae Concretio Silicea, Carthami Flos, Piperis Longi Fructus and Zingiberis Rhizoma and so on; followed by 91 nodal degrees of butter (mar), sugar, barley sweetener (sbang ma), honey and brown sugar and so on, which were Tibetan medicinal and edible medicines. According to the classification of diseases in the fifteen categories, there were 495 prescriptions for traumatology (mtshon rma), 323 for fever (tsha ba), 278 for toxics and 197 for three factors diseases. According to the treatment method of eighteen practices, 162 powder, 77 decoction, 84 laxative (bxhal) and others were used. Association rule analysis found that edge weights of Borneolum Syntheticum, Bambusae Concretio Silicea, Carthami Flos, Santali Albi Lignum and other cold medicines were 59, edge weights of pomegranate seeds, Piperis Longi Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex, Amomi Fructus Rotundus and other warm medicines were 45. Conclusion: The Four Medical Tantras has some characteristics, including the medication rules of elliptic philosophy with cool-warm medicinal properties as the dual core, elimination-diarrhea (zhi-sbyong) as medication methods, weight of rlung-mkhris pa-bad kan as medication dialectical thinking and so on. Among them, the clinical application of butter, barley sweetener, sugar and other special delivery agents of Tibetan medicine is prominent. The prominent clinical application of special Tibetan medicines embodies the philosophy of Tibetan culture with the emphasis on overall balance. It has the multi-dimensional medication rule of " diet plus medicine, medicine plus therapy", and has positive significance for revealing the research on medication rules of Tibetan medicine.

Laws of Syndrome and Prescription in Yin Deficiency Syndrome of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Complex Network Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the laws of core symptom and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescription in treatment of the Yin deficiency syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in order to provide the objective basis for the treatment of SLE with TCM based on complex network. Method: Complex network analysis method was used to retrospectively study 322 TCM prescriptions collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between January 2011 and May 2017 and 134 literatures about treatment of SLE with TCM through computer retrieval. The topological property parameters of the complex network were calculated, and used to analyze the structure of the core network and the compatibility rule of symptom and TCM. Then the core syndrome, herbs, compatibility rules and characteristics of commonly used prescriptions for SLE were analyzed. Result: The results of analysis of complex network showed that the core TCM herbs for Yin deficiency syndrome of SLE mainly included Rehmanniae Radix, Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Cornt Fructus, Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, Trionycis Carapax, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma.Core prescriptions included Qinghao Biejia Tang and Liuwei Dihuang Wan. Core syndromes included fatigue, poor sleep, anorexia, low fever, five upset heat, night sweats, dizziness, rash, skin erythema, facial red butterfly erythema, dark red rash, alopecia, weak waist and knees, joint pain, muscle pain, tinnitus, thirst, sore throat, red tongue, tongue with less fur, and thready and rapid pulse. Compared with the diagnostic criteria of the syndrome, the core symptoms included some new common clinical symptoms, such as poor sleep, anorexia, facial red butterfly erythema, dark red rash. Conclusion: The main pathogenesis of SLE is Yin deficiency and blood heat, so the treatment should be nourishing Yin and generating body fluid, removing pathogenic heat from blood and clearing deficient heat. In this study, the results of clinical retrospective review and computer retrieval by the complex network analysis method were basically consistent with the clinical application. It can be used as a reference for the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment of Yin deficiency syndrome of SLE.

Analysis of Qingkailing Injection in treatment of combined medication features of 2 147 cases of upper respiratory tract infection / 中国中药杂志

Acute upper respiratory infection is one of the common infectious diseases,especially in the elderly people. Qingkailing Injection has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying. It can be used for external wind heat,upper respiratory tract infection,viral cold,etc. Based on 2 147 cases of upper respiratory tract infection patients using Qingkailing Injection in the medical electronic data warehouse of the information system of 16 large class-A hospitals constructed by the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,description analysis,Apriori calculation and recurrent network analysis were used to analyze the effect of Qingkailing Injection on upper respiratory tract infection. The clinical characteristics and the law of combined use of drugs can provide reference for the mining of clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics and the construction of optimal and effective programs and paths. 2 147 patients with upper respiratory tract infection who used Qingkailing Injection were mostly middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old,often combined with hypertension,ischemic cerebrovascular disease,coronary heart disease,diabetes,etc.; in treatment,it was more common to use Qingkailing Injection in combination with hormones,antipyretics and analgesics,antibiotics,nutritional support agents,antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic drugs,as well as traditional Chinese medicine Jiebiao agents and blood management agents. The combination of potassium chloride injection and cephalosporin injection is the most commonly used in combination with two kinds of Western medicine( 33. 2%); the combination of Shuanghuanglian and Ganmao Qingre Granules is the most commonly used in combination with two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine( 9. 13%); through the calculation of complex network group module,it is found that Qingkailing Injection is often associated with antibiotics,antipyretic and analgesic drugs,antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic drugs,antiviral drugs and anti infection drugs. Drugs,nutritional support agents,bronchodilators,immunomodulators and other chemical drugs are often used in combination with Chinese medicine,such as Jiebiao agents,expectorants,Qingre agents,resuscitation agents,Qufeng agents,tonics,Liqi agents,which may be related to both the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and the basic diseases of middle-aged and elderly patients,with the theoretical characteristics of " combination of disease and syndrome,corresponding formula and syndrome". Based on the real world big data complex network group module mining results provide clues for the clinical optimization scheme and path construction,and provide signals and ideas for further causal research.

Analysis on acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for Alzheimer's disease based on complex network / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in modern clinical practice by complex network technology.@*METHODS@#The relevant articles of clinical trials were retrieved from CNKI published before December 2017. Using Microsoft Excel 2010, the database was established. Using Gephi 0.8.2 software, the complex network mode was built and its topological structure was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Finally, 81 articles were eligible and 114 acupoint prescriptions were extracted. The constructed complex network of acupoint prescriptions for AD was characteristics as small world effect and scale-free property, the crucial acupoints included Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Yintang (GV 29), Shenmen (HT 7), Shenting (GV 24), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40) and Taichong (LR 3). In acupoint combination, Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were the most common, and the combination of the distal and nearby points was predominant. Using k-core for acupoint optimization, 29 core acupoints were screened and they were mostly located on the governor vessel and the head and neck, with the highest use frequency. 82.76% of acupoints were specific acupoints and the influential points were dominant. Using community structure partition, these acupoints were classified into two groups, i.e. deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome.@*CONCLUSION@#The selection of local acupoints is the first choice in acupuncture treatment for AD. The combination of distal and nearby points is the most common and the special points are the core. In clinical practice, the great consideration is provided on mind regulation, integration of disease and symptoms, the mutual treatment of the primary and the secondary as well as the deficiency and the excess.

Clinical Application of Chinese Patent Medicine Treating Cervical Radiculopathy in Real-world Study / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: Analyze the clinical application rule of Chinese patent medicine in cervical radiculopathy (CR) .Method: The clinical real-world data of CR were extracted by using information sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical research. Six hundred and twenty-eight inpatients and out patients with CR were enrolled from December 2012 to July 2014 in the information system database of Wangjing Hospital. The correlation analyses and mutual information value were recorded for Chinese patent medicine therapy application of all patients by using liquorice software. Complex network diagrams were generated. Result: Yuxuebi capsule and Jingshu granule is the highest frequency in application of Chinese patent medicine. Jingshu granule and Cobamamide for injection were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine. Association frequency was 822, mutual information value was 268.07. Biqi capsule and Daiwenjiu cream were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and topical drugs. Association frequency was 384, mutual information value was1754.76. Conclusion: The basic treating principle for CR was promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The efficacy and safety of combined Chinese patent medicine with other medicine need further research

A Method Based on the Complex Network for Mining the System Biological Information of Scutellaria Barbata D. Don / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Scutellaria barbata D. Don is widely used in TCM clinical practice, so it is important to delve the information of its system biology. In this paper, we integrate its natural compounds and genomics information. The Herb-Prince complex networks algorithm is used to delve potential associated genes, gene families and KEGG signal pathways for Scutellaria barbata D. Don, and the information is verified by literature. The top 100 genes, 4 gene families and 10 KEGG signaling pathways were found. The related results are highly consistent with the clinical and pharmacological studies of Scutellaria barbata D. Don, which provide decision support for researchers to study pharmacological activities of Scutellaria barbata D. Don at the molecular level.

Analysis of Treatment Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Based on Complex Network / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To excavate the drug use rules of type 2 diabetes,and to provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Clinical data of 807 patients with type 2 diabetes were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2012-Jun. 2017. Complex network and subnetworks for drug compatibility and their visual chromatograms were established by Gephi 0.9.1 software. MATLAB R2014a software was used for topic model mining. The complex network,subnetworks and the overlapping structures of community were analyzed in respects of node distance and degree centrality. Core drugs for type 2 diabetes were screened. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The drug complication complex network established in the study included 119 nodes and 24 412 edges with maximum edge weight of 378. Drugs with high frequency included Insulin aspart injection,Fluvastatin sodium extended release tablets,Metformin hydrochloride tablets,Acarbose tablets,etc. Average distance of network was 1.89,and maximum distance was 4. The distance of 89.90% drugs was 1 or 2,and the links between the various drugs were close. Insulin aspart injection(0.914),Metformin hydrochloride tablets(0.887)and Voglibose tablets(0.866)were core drugs of the network. Totally 4 typical topics were excavated, including peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, abnormal lipid metabolism and microangiopathy. Results of subnetwork analysis showed that typical topics were based on hypoglycemic therapy and supplemented by neurotrophic drugs,antihypertensive drugs,lipid regulating drugs and drugs for improvement of retinopathy. Complex network analysis showed that drug use regularity was in line with related guideline of type 2 diabetes and clinical practice. The method has practical significance of data mining in clinic.