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Objective To investigate the influence of three different processing methods on contents and speciation of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg and Cu and a harmful nonmetallic element As in Cortex Eucommiae. Methods The five elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination wavelengthes of Pb and Cd was 283.3 and 228.8 nm using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; the determination wavelength of Cu was 324.8 nm using flame atomic absorption spectrometry; the determination wavelengthes of As and Hg were 193.7 and 253.6 nm using flow injection-hydride generation method. Results Heavy metal’s contents in Cortex Eucommiae stir-fried with salt were increased. Contents of heavy metals in Cortex Eucommiae stir-fried and baked were decreased. Heavy metal morphology had no differences between processed products and raw materials. The experimental results showed that main existing form of Pb was in organic matter-bound, and mercury existed in exchange condition and organic matterbound. Copper existed in organic matter-bound and carbonate bound and arsenic mainly existed with residual forms. Cadmium mainly exited in carbonate exchange condition. Conclusion There is a certain effect on the heavy metal content but less effect on the form of heavy metals by different processing methods.
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Objective To investigate the influence of three different processing methods on contents and speciation of heavy metals Pb,Cd,Hg and Cu and a harmful nonmetallic element As in Cortex Eucommiae. Methods The five elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The determination wavelengthes of Pb and Cd was 283.3 and 228.8 nm using graphite furnace atom?ic absorption spectrometry;the determination wavelength of Cu was 324.8 nm using flame atomic absorption spectrometry;the determi?nation wavelengthes of As and Hg were 193.7 and 253.6 nm using flow injection-hydride generation method. Results Heavy metal′s contents in Cortex Eucommiae stir-fried with salt were increased. Contents of heavy metals in Cortex Eucommiae stir-fried and baked were decreased. Heavy metal morphology had no differences between processed products and raw materials. The experimental results showed that main existing form of Pb was in organic matter-bound,and mercury existed in exchange condition and organic matter-bound. Copper existed in organic matter-bound and carbonate bound and arsenic mainly existed with residual forms. Cadmium mainly exited in carbonate exchange condition. Conclusion There is a certain effect on the heavy metal content but less effect on the form of heavy metals by different processing methods.
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Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae(CE)extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra?gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the an?ti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation,including malonyldialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dis?mutase(SOD),protein carbonyl(PCO),and nitric oxide(NO)in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice,the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly(P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group,NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower(P<0.01),and SOD level was obviously higher(P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of ox?idative damage.
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Objective To explore the effect of Cortex Eucommiae (CE) extract on oxidative stress markers of brain aging mice. Methods Brain aging mice model was made via subcutaneously administered D-galactose. The ethanol extract of CE was intra-gastrically administered to the model mice. Apoptosis ratio of brain cells of mice was determined by a flow cytometry to evaluate the anti-aging function of CE extract. A series of biomarkers related to oxidation, including malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dis-mutase (SOD), protein carbonyl (PCO), and nitric oxide (NO) in serum of mice were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with the model mice, the apoptosis ratio of brain cells in the CE extract group decreased significantly (P<0.01). ELISA test results showed that,compared with the normal group, NO and SOD levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly higher (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, MDA and PCO levels in serum of CE extract group were significantly lower (P<0.01), and SOD level was obviously higher (P<0.01). Conclusion The CE extract might play the role of brain anti-aging by the effective attenuation of oxidative damage.
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[Objective] To observe the effects of different fractions from Cortex Eucommiae on oxidation resistance and anti-despondent of Extradiol-induced kidney-yang deficiency mice,and understand the modern scientific connotation of the properties theories about sweet-flavor,warm-nature,meridian tropism in liver and kidney.[Methods] Healthy adult male ICR mice were divided into six groups randomly:normal control group,model control group,positive control group(Guifudihuang),three groups of Cortex Eucommiae(water fraction,n-butanol fraction,and acetoacetate fraction).Kidney-yang deficiency mice model was established with intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate.The determined indexes included oxidation resistance indexes(activity of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,content of MDA),anti-despondent indexes(tail suspension,activity of MAO),and anti-fatigue ability.[Results] Oxidation resistance indexes:Three fractions of Cortex Eucommiae all could decrease content of MDA,enhance activeness of SOD.The water and n-butanol fraction could enhance activeness of CAT.The water and acetoacetate fraction could enhance activeness of GSH-Px.Anti-despondent indexes:The acetoacetate fraction of Cortex Eucommiae could lengthen the activity time in tail suspension test,and three fractions of Cortex Eucommiae all could decrease activeness of MAO.Three fractions of Cortex Eucommiae all could lengthen the running distance and time.[Conclusion] Cortex Eucommiae could improve aging and depression caused by kidney-yang deficiency.Oxidation resistance and anti-despondent effects could be an important part of the main effective groups about sweet-flavor,warm-nature,meridian tropism in liver and kidney.The effects of water extract and n-butanol extract were closer and stronger,which could be the main substance basis of common effective groups.
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Objective To establish the fingerprints for analysis of Cortex Eucommiae by HPLC. Methods The column of Lichroshper C18(250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The detective wavelength was 230 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results The fingerprint consisted of 11 common peaks. The mutual mode of HPLC fingerprints was set up and the similar degrees to the crude drugs from different habitats were compared by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of CMM (Version 2004A), and the range of similarity for ten balches of Cortex Eucommiae 0.574—0.958. The standard HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Eucommiae was established too. ConclusionThis method is accurate and reliable, and provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Cortex Eucommiae.
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Objective To establish the quality standard of Guishen Pills.Methods The qualitative analysis of Cortex Eucommiae and Fructus Lycii in Guishen Pills was carried out by TLC,and the content of loganin in Guishen Pills was determined by HPLC.Results The chromatographic spots of Cortex Eucommiae and Fructus Lycii were identified without the interference of negative control.A linearity of loganin was obtained from 0.188 ?g to 0.940 ?g with a good correlation(r=0.999 8,n=6).The average recovery was 99.00 % and the RSD was 1.02 %.Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative methods established in this study are simple,feasible,accurate and reproducible,and can be used as the quality control standard for Guishen Pills.