Perforación esofágica cervical en un anciano diabético / Cervical esophageal perforation in a diabetic elderly

Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 67 años de edad con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus, quien había ingerido una espina de pescado desde hacía 4 días y acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, por presentar disfonía, disfagia para líquidos, impotencia funcional del cuello y fiebre de 38 ºC. Se le diagnosticó una perforación del esófago en la región cervical, por lo que fue ingresado y operado con urgencia; a los 6 días fue reintervenido para revisar la cervicotomía y realizar apertura de una fascitis séptica en el lado derecho del tórax. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y se le dio el alta a los 35 días de estancia hospitalaria.

The case report of a 67 years patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is described who had eaten a fish bone 4 days ago and went to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital emergency room in Santiago de Cuba, due to disphony, disphagia for liquids, neck functional impotence and a 38 ºC fever. He had the diagnosis of an esophageal perforation in the cervical region, so he was admitted and operated as an emergency; 6 days later he underwent surgery again to check the cervicotomy and to carry out the opening of a septic fasciitis in the right side of the thorax. The patient had a satisfactory clinical course and he was discharged 35 days later.

Tratamiento de la acalasia en el hospital nacional de itaugua / Treatment of achalasia in the hospital nacional de itaugua

Antecedentes: La acalasia es el desorden motor primario del esófago, en el cual hay una relajación ineficiente del esfínter esofágico inferior con pérdida progresiva de la perístasis esofágica, como consecuencia de ambos mecanismos se produce dilatación gradual del esófago. La acalasia puede ser primaria (idiopática) y secundaria. La causa más común de acalasia secundaria es la enfermedad de Chagas. OBJETIVO: Analizar nuestra experiencia con los datos de pacientes diagnosticados y tratados de acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua. Diseño: Observacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Pacientes diagnosticados de Acalasia en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Nacional de Itaugua entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013. Todos los casos de acalasia diagnosticados de forma consecutiva en el período e institución antes señalados que pudieron ser intervenidos quirurgicamente. Se excluyeron los casos sin intervención quirurgica. Se consideró la edad, género; también nos interesó la presentación de los pacientes con anemia y el motivo de consulta con el cual se presentaron. CONCLUSIONES: La miotomía asociada a una funduplicatura parcial por laparoscopía, es una técnica segura y efectiva para el alivio de la disfagia en los pacientes con acalasia. En los dolicomegaesofagos de no existir contraindicación la esofagectomía debe ser evaluada.

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is a primary Motor disorder of the esophagus in which there is an inefficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation with progressive loss of esophageal peristalsis, as a result of two mechanisms gradual dilation of the esophagus occurs. Achalasia can be primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The most common cause of secondary achalasia is Chagas disease. To analyze our experience with data from patients diagnosed and treated for achalasia in the Department of Surgery of the National Hospital of Itaugua. DESIGN: Observational. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with achalasia in General Surgery Itaugua National Hospital between January 2008 and December 2013 All cases of achalasia diagnosed consecutively in the mentioned period and institution that could be surgically operated. Cases without surgical intervention were excluded. Age, gender was considered; also interested us Patients presenting with anemia and the reason for consultation which were presented. CONCLUSIONS: myotomy associated with a partial laparoscopic fundoplication is safe and effective for the relief of dysphagia in patients with achalasia art. In the absence of contraindications dolicomegaesofagos esophagectomy should be evaluated.

Evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las perforaciones esofágicas: Estudio de 20 casos en el hospital universitario de maracaibo

La perforación esofágica es una afección gastrointestinal que se acompaña de una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. Entre las causas más importantes de perforación esofágica destacan: perforación esofágica por instrumentos, perforación traumática, ingesta de agentes cáusticos, perforación espontánea de esófago. En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de 20 pacientes con perforación esofágica en el Servicio de Cirugía de Tórax del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo entre los años de 1985 al 2005. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 26.30 +/- 19.97 años y las causas más frecuentes de perforación esofágica fueron: dilatación instrumental por estenosis en 6 pacientes, perforación por cuerpo extraño en 6 pacientes y perforación traumática por herida por arma de fuego en 3 pacientes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: disfagia, odinofagia, sialorrea y los hallazgos al examen físico: la disminución del murmullo vesicular a la auscultación en el hemitórax respectivo (35%). La perforación esofágica se localizó en 6 pacientes (30%) en el tercio superior, 7 pacientes en el tercio medio (35%) y 7 pacientes en el tercio inferior (30%). El tratamiento quirúrgico más frecuentemente realizado fue: esofagectomía total transtorácica en 7 pacientes; cervicotomía izquierda con rafia primaria de esófago en 3 pacientes; toracotomía y rafia primaria de la perforación en 2 pacientes. Hubo 6 muertes, de los cuales dos (10%) se presentaron durante el acto operatorio y cuatro en el postoperatorio como consecuencia de la sepsis.

Esophageal perforation is a gastrointestinal affection with high morbidity and mortality. Between the most important causes of esophageal perforation we have: esophageal instrumental perforations, traumatic perforations, caustic agent ingestions, spontaneous esophagEAL perforations. In this paper we discuss the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of 20 patients with esophageal perforation in the Thoracic Surgery Service of the Hospital Universitario of Maracaibo in the years 1985 to the 2005. The average age of the patients was 26,30 + / - 19,97 years and the most frequent causes of esophageal perforation were: instrumental dilatation by stenosis in 6 patients, strange body perforation in 6 patients and traumatic perforation by gunshot wound in 3 patients. The most frequent symptoms were: disphagia, odinophagia, sialorrea and at physical examination: vesicular murmur decrease to auscultation in the respective hemithorax (35%). The surgical procedures more frequently developed included: total transthoracic esophagectomy in 7 patients, left cervicotomy with primary closure in 3 patients, toracotomy and primary closure of the perforation in 2 patients. 6 patients died (30%), 2 (10%) during the surgical procedure and 4 (20%) in the postoperatory period as a consequence of sepsis.

Estenose péptica do esôfago em crianças: incidência e achados clínicos / Esophageal peptic stricture in children: incidence and clinical findings

Introdução: estenose péptica de esôfago resulta da inflamação crônica da mucosa, causada pela doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a experiência com estenose péptica de esôfago, em um serviço de endoscopia digestiva pediátrica, analisando os achados clínicos e, principalmente, a diminuição da incidência dessa entidade nos dias atuais. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de janeiro de 1996 a setembro de 2002. As dilatações foram realizadas com velas de Savary-Gilliard. O número de estenoses por ano, relativo ao número de endoscopias, foi avaliado através dos testes do qui-quadrado e da tendência linear. Resultados: no período de 6,5 anos, 1.636 crianças e adolescentes foram submetidos a endoscopia digestiva alta. Desses, 26 eram portadores de estenose péptica. As idades desses pacientes variaram de 10 meses a 16 anos, com uma média de 6,5 anos, sendo que 69% eram meninos.Treze pacientes eram portadores de condições predisponentes ou associadas a refluxo mais grave. Nenhum era portador de esôfago de Barrett. Foram realizadas 69 sessões de dilatação (2,65/paciente). Um paciente apresentou pneumomediastino, após a dilatação. Todos os outros apresentaram boa resposta às dilatações. O número de estenoses pépticas diminuiu com o passar dos anos, embora o número total de endoscopias tivesse aumentado. Conclusões: as dilatações com velas de Savary foram eficazes em diminuir a disfagia dos pacientes portadores de estenose péptica. Houve uma diminuição da incidência de estenose péptica, apesar do aumento do número de endoscopias nesse serviço pediátrico (AU)

Introduction: esophageal peptic stricture results of chronic mucosal inflammation caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aim of this study is to present the experience with esophageal peptic strictures in a pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy unit showing clinical aspects and mainly the decreasing incidence of this entity nowadays. Methods:retrospective study from January 1996 to September 2002. The esophageal dilations were performed with Savary-Gilliard bougies. The number of the strictures per year, relatively to endoscopies number, was evaluated by qui-square test and linear tendency. Results: in the period of 6.5 years 1,636 children and adolescents were submitted to upper digestive endoscopy. Twenty-six individuals had a peptic esophageal stricture. The ages varied between 10 months and 16 years with a mean age of 6.5 years and 69% were male patients. Thirteen patients had an associated or predisposing condition to more severe gastroesophageal reflux. There was no Barrett esophagus. We have done 69 esophageal dilations sessions (2.65/patient). One patient presented with pneumomediastine post-dilation. All the others presented a good outcome. The total number of strictures decreased with time although total number of endoscopic procedures increased. Conclusions: dilations with Savary-Gilliard bougies were efficacious to decrease the disphagia of the esophageal peptic strictures in children. There was a decreasing incidence of peptic strictures although the increasing incidence of endoscopic examinations performed in this pediatric endoscopy unit (AU)