DEPRESSION STATUS AMONG THE FEMALES DURING THE FIRST POSTPARTUM PERIOD AT CLINICAL SETTINGS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN ARAR CITY, SAUDI ARABIA.

Background: Postpartum depression is one of the most common, but often unrecognized, complications of childbirth and is considered as a serious psychological disorder that can affect women during or after birth and during pregnancy. Its risk increases during the ?rst 90 days and can last up to nearly two years. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and correlate it with variables of obstetric and demographic predictors among females attending primary health care centres in Arar city. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out by using Arabic version of questionnaire of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tool during the study period from August to September 2021. A total of 383 sample was taken by using convenience sampling method. Analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 30.5%. Multiple associated factors were found to be signi?cantly increase the risk of PPD such as: females who had caesarean section delivery, unplanned pregnancy, complicated pregnancy, their baby had medical problem and had no or less husband support, had psychiatric disorders, had chronic medical problem, taking chronic medication, had life stressor, low education and low income (P < 0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of PPD signi?cantly increase in females had caesarean section delivery compared to vaginal delivery (P = .002), females had rare support from the husband (P = .002), females had psychiatric disorders (P = 0.016) and had life stressor (P = .000). Conclusions: The prevalence of postpartum depression in the city of Alar was clearly high. Our study also showed important predictors that could be used to identify high-risk females. It is advisable to provide social support to females during both prenatal and postnatal periods. Regular screening of women for postpartum depression should be encouraged for early detection and prompt intervention

Validation of Edinburgh post natal depression scale in post-natal woman from a tertiary referral center in South India

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are two most important life-changing events. Post-partum depression can affect mother and has a wide spectrum of presentation depending upon various social factors. Studies suggest that the incidence of postnatal depression among women of high social strata is 13-19% while the incidence is 11-42% among women with limited social support. The present study aims to study postnatal depression and its causes in a postnatal mother in all the aspects of social, physical, cultural and psychiatric grounds in the Indian scenario with the help of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS).Methods: From 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2019, a total 300 postnatal women between 1 to 6 weeks of the postpartum period participated and during their stay in the hospital responded to EPDS. The study was purposive sampling, and full consent of the study subjects was taken before the start of the study.Results: In this study, we found 20.1% of a woman affected by post-partum in South India. The higher percentage of severe depression was seen in the primary gravida (20%). The risk factors such as availability of postnatal care (with NICU admission), the woman with medical complications, late childbirth or delayed childbirth after marriage, multiparity, delivery via caesarean and nuclear family showed significant relationship (p<0.005) with depression.Conclusions: The present study, with a Post-natal depression of 20.1% along with the enumerated risk factors, suggest that the causes for postpartum depression (PPD) among working Indian woman, reflect a change to an urban-centric lifestyle. Further evaluation of these risk factors needs to be made and a routine screening of Postpartum depression (PPD) can help in improving maternal and child health.

Exactitud diagnóstica de la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo: consecuencias del tamizaje en mujeres mexicanas / Diagnostic accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: consequences of screening in Mexican women

Resumen Introducción: La depresión posparto es un episodio depresivo no psicótico con repercusiones graves en el vínculo de la madre con su hijo, de ahí la importancia de detectarla oportunamente. Objetivo: Determinar la exactitud de la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo como prueba diagnóstica y analizar las consecuencias del tamizaje y la probabilidad de depresión después de aplicar la prueba. Método: Tamizaje con la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo a 411 mujeres durante el posparto; se utilizó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck como referencia. Resultados: En un punto de corte de 12, con la Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo se obtuvo sensibilidad de 70.4 %, especificidad de 72.2 %, valor predictivo positivo de 36.9 % y valor predictivo negativo de 91.4 %, así como un valor del área bajo la curva de 0.729 y p = 0.0003. De 49 mujeres sin atención para depresión posparto, en cinco se identificó que la necesitaban. Conclusiones: La Escala de Depresión Posnatal de Edimburgo tiene una exactitud moderada; su aplicación es sencilla, accesible y debería ser rutinaria. Es necesario que en México se implementen estrategias para detectar y tratar la depresión posparto.

Abstract Introduction Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic depressive episode with serious repercussions on the bond between the mother and her child, hence the importance of detecting it in a timely manner. Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a diagnostic test and to analyze the consequences of screening and the probability of depression after applying the test. Method: Screening of 411 women with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the postpartum period; Beck's Depression Inventory was used as reference. Results: At a cutoff point of 12, a sensitivity of 70.4 %, specificity of 72.2 %, positive predictive value of 36.9 % and negative predictive value of 91.4 % were obtained with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, as well as an area under the curve of 0.729 and a p-value of 0.0003. Out of 49 women without treatment for postpartum depression, five were identified to require it. Conclusions: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale has moderate accuracy; its application is simple, accessible and should be routine. It is necessary for strategies to detect and treat postpartum depression to be implemented in Mexico.

Prevalence and determinants of postnatal depression in a tertiary care teaching institute in Kerala, India

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth produce a variety of physiological, psychological and social consequences. Attitudes toward pregnancy and childbirth vary from culture to culture. Prevalence estimates range from 13 to 19% in resource-rich settings and 11 to 42% in resource- limited settings PND has a significant impact on the mother, the family, her partner and mother-infant interaction. This research aims to aid the early diagnosis of postnatal depression and the socio-demographic, obstetric, family dynamics, neonatal characteristics and psychiatric determinants of depression using EPDS among postnatal women in a tertiary hospital in Kerala state, India.Methods: 119 women between 2 to 6 weeks of postpartum period were subjected to a pre-tested pre-structured standard questionnaire. Diagnosis of depression was made using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Possible depression is values >13 or more are invariably associated with depression.Results: Young age at marriage (p-value 0.022), love marriage (p-value 0.040) and low social support inadequate relationship with the in-laws was significantly associated with PND (p-0.003). Low birth weight was a significant determinant of PND (p-value-0.018). Gender of the new-born, fear and preference towards any particular gender and order of female child in multiparous woman had no association in determining postnatal depression. Childcare stress (p-value-0.011), psychiatry history in family and personal history of depression and mothers with low self-esteem (p-value-0.001) had odds of developing postnatal depression in the study.Conclusions: Early screening of the women and counselling of women and their family will reduce the maternal morbidity and adverse child outcomes.

Effect of " Acupuncture" on postpartum low back pain: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of " Acupuncture" on postpartum low back pain.@*METHODS@#A total of 98 cases of postpartum low back pain were randomly divided into a control group (45 cases, 4 cases dropping) and a treatment group (47 cases, 2 cases dropping). Conventional acupuncture was treated in the control group, and " Acupuncture" was added in the treatment group on the basis treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3). The treatment was given 30 minutes each time, 5 times a week, 10 times for a total course of treatment. Before and after treatment, pain was assessed by the short-form of McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), dysfunction was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI), and depression was assessed by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). And the changes of various indexs were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the pain grade index (PRI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score and present pain intensity (PPI) score in SF-MPQ of the control group and the treatment group were significantly lower than those before treatment (all <0.001). The ODI score and EPDS score were also significantly lower than those before treatment (all <0.001). The decline scores of the treatment group before and after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.001, <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#" Acupuncture" combined with conventional acupuncture and conventional acupuncture can effectively improve the symptoms of pain, dysfunction and depression in patients with postpartum low back pain, and the former is significantly better than the latter.

Depresión posparto en padres: ¿por qué también es importante? / Paternal postpartum depression. Why is it also important?

La supervisión de salud es una oportunidad privilegiada para acompañar a las nuevas familias en su transición a la parentalidad. Este período trae importantes desafíos para la madre y el padre, y en ocasiones la demanda puede superar los recursos emocionales de la familia; este desbalance puede favorecer que madres y padres presenten sintomatología depresiva. La depresión posparto puede afectar de uno a dos de cada diez hombres, siendo la depresión materna un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollarla. La depresión posparto en el padre impacta a todos los miembros de la familia, siendo el desarrollo infantil, el vínculo y la salud mental del niño los que pueden verse alteradas a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Parece relevante por lo tanto pensar en un tamizaje para pesquisar precozmente la depresión posparto no sólo en madres sino también en padres y dar así un primer paso a ampliar la mirada desde la diada madre-hijo a la triada. El control de salud del niño es una oportunidad única para poder realizar esta pesquisa, sin embargo la validación de una escala de tamizaje de depresión posparto en padres chilenos es una tarea pendiente.

Health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk along with the new families during their transition to parenthood. This period is challenging for both mother and father, and there is the potential danger that demand surpasses the existing resources of the family. This imbalance may lead to mothers and fathers to develop depressive symptomatology. Postpartum depression may affect one to two out of ten men, and maternal depression is a major risk factor for developing it. The postpartum depression in the father impact all the family members, being the child development, the bonding, and the child´s mental health which can be disturb at a short, medium and long term. Therefore, it seems to be relevant to think about screening for post partum depression not only in mothers but also fathers, and give a first step to broaden the gaze from the dyad to the triad. The health supervision is a unique opportunity to be able to carry out this screening; however, the validation of a postpartum screening test for Chilean fathers is a pending task.

Influential factors for postpartum depression based on the structural equation model in Kaifu District in Changsha / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the current status of the postpartum depression in Kaifu District in Changsha,and to explore the influential factors for postpartum depression.Methods:We selected the mothers,who had a delivery and met the inclusion criteria in Changsha during 2015,as the participants and established a prospective birth cohort study.The social demographic characteristics and health-related information for the mothers and their families were collected by using self-made questionnaire.The mothers' depression symptoms after one month postpartum were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.We used the structural equation model to analyze the influential factors for postpartum depression.Results:A total of 961 cases were investigated.82 of them whose scores of EPDS were ≥ 9 points,and the incidence of PPD was 8.2％.The results of structural equation model revealed the influential factors and their correlations with postpartum depression.It has been shown that maternal age,maternal education level,per capita income of family,intention of pregnancy,pregnancy-related complications,mode of conception,mode of delivery,feeding patterns,birth weight,baby gender,and infant illness could exert effects on postpartum depression.Conclusion:The incidence of postpartum depression in Kaifu District is at a low level and the structural equation model can be applied to analyze the influential factors and their relations with postpartum depression.

Usefulness of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for Postpartum Depression / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common postnatal problem. PPD has a negative influence on maternal functioning and child development. We examined the result of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) after delivery. METHODS: Three hundred two postpartum mothers were enrolled in the study. The Korean version of EPDS was completed and scored at postpartum visits. Mothers whose score was 10 or more were classified as an EPDS positive for PPD. We reviewed their medical records and determined risk factors for positive EPDS result. RESULTS: The positive rate of EPDS was 27.8% (84/302). Among various factors, a newborn's body weight more than 4.0 kg was statistically related to the positive result. The positive rate of EPDS was significantly higher when performed within postpartum 60 days than after postpartum 60 days. Among 84 positive women, only three mothers visited a psychiatric clinic for further evaluation and management of PPD. CONCLUSION: The EPDS was a useful tool for PPD screening. Obstetricians should consider an EPDS for effective screening of PPD. It would be the next important issue to encourage a screening positive mother to visit a psychiatric clinic.

Prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Dasmariñas, Cavite from April to May 2013

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Dasmariñas, Cavite from April to May 2013. Specifically, it aims to determine the proportion of mothers experiencing postpartum depression on the basis of the following socio-demographic factors: age, marital status, employment status, manner of delivery, parity, age of gestation upon delivery, gender of the newborn and breastfeeding status. METHODOLOGY: A total of 115 postpartum patients were included in this descriptive study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening postpartum women was used in this study. It was translated in Filipino language, back translated and validated prior to its use on the women. A score of at least 10 points indicates possible postpartum depression (PPD). A score of at least 1 point in question #10 indicates suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Out of 115 patients, 89 had an EPDS score below 10 points corresponding to 77.39% of the total population studied, while 26 participants had a score of at least 10 points corresponding to 22.61%. There were 9 respondents who scored at least 1 point in ques­tion #10 pertaining to 7.83% of the population. CONCLUSION: Postpartum depression is a universal dilemma. In this study, the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Dasmariñas, Cavite from April to May 2013 is 22.61%. Since postpartum depression is a common condition with serious consequences, screening must be done with a multidisciplinary approach from both the obstetricians and psychiatrists.

Prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital.METHODS: A total of 115 postpartum patients were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) which was developed in 1987 for screening postpartum women was used in this study. It was translated in Filipino language and has been validated. A score of at least 10 points indicates possible postpartum depression. A score of at least 1 point in question it 10 indicates suicidal ideation.RESULTS: Out of 115 patients, 89 had an EPDS score below 10 points corresponding to 77.39% of the total population studied, while 26 participants had a score of at least 10 points corresponding to 22.61%. There were 9 respondents who scored at least 1 point in ques­tion #10 pertaining to 7.83% of the population.CONCLUSION: Postpartum depression is a universal dilemma. In this study, the prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers who delivered in a tertiary hospital in Dasmariñas, Cavite from April to May 2013 is 22.61%. Since postpartum depression is a common condition with serious consequences, screening must be done with a multidisciplinary approach from both the obstetricians and psychiatrists.

Application of aromatherapy massage in postpartum depression and effect evaluation / 中国实用护理杂志

[Objective] To understand the application effect of aromatherapy massage by using plant extracts and its impact factors.[Methods] 94 pregnancy women whose Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)assessment score ranged between 10～20 points were selected in this study.They were implemented the aromatherapy massage 24 hours after delivery.49 cases treated with implementa-tion of the aromatherapy massage from maternal to puerperium were set as the observation group,45 cases whose aromatherapy massage was interrupted by various reasons after discharge were named as the control group.The EPDS score and growth and development indexes were compared 7,14,28,42 days postpartum.[Results] The EPDS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group 28,42 days postpartum.The growth and development indexes if infants were better than in the control group.Family-related factor was a direct impact on continuous implementation of aromatherapy massage postpartum.[Conclusions] Continuous implementation of aromatherapy massage by using plant extracts in the whole puerperium combined with psychological counseling by the massage nurses can regulate the maternal emotion,alleviate depression of these women.The puerpera with higher EPDS scores can't take good care of the infants,and can affect the development of the infants.

Factores de riesgo de depresión posparto en puérperas venezolanas valoradas por medio de la escala de Edimburgo / Risk factors of postpartum depression in Venezuelan women measured by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale

Antecedentes: La depresión posparto (DPP) es un importante trastorno de la salud mental en la mujer, al cual se le han atribuido variados factores de riesgo para su presentación. Objetivo: Se propuso determinar los factores de riesgos para DPP en puérperas atendidas en la Maternidad "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con diseño no experimental, mediante una muestra de 100 puérperas, evaluadas por la Escala de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo (EDPS). Resultados: Hubo una prevalencia del test positivo del 91 por ciento, con una prevalência de DPP confirmada mediante el DSM-IV del 22 por ciento. De las características evaluadas solo los trastornos médicos durante el embarazo, la enfermedad del neonato, no contar con el apoyo de su pareja, presentar antecedentes de depresión o melancolía o tener un nivel educativo primario o inferior, mostraron una asociación significativa con el desarrollo de DPP. El nacimiento mediante cesárea y no contar con el apoyo familiar presentaron una asociación significativa con el riesgo de DPP; mientras que el parto vaginal o haber alcanzado un nivel educativo superior a la primaria mostraron tener un efecto protector. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia de DPP, con diversos factores de riesgo que permitirían tomar acciones para un diagnóstico oportuno de esta enfermedad.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health disorder in women, which have been attributed to various risk factors for it presentation. Objective: To determine the PPD's risk factors present in the postpartum patients taken care of Maternity "Dr Armando Castillo Plaza" at the University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with non-experimental design, which included a sample of 100 postpartum women, as measured by the scale of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression (EDPS). Results: The results demonstrated a prevalence of the positive test in 91 percent of the sample, with a confirmed prevalence of postpartum depression by the DSM-IV of 22 percent, determined that the characteristics assessed only medical disorders during pregnancy, the disease of the newborn, not having the support from your partner, have a history of depression or melancholy, or have a primary or lower education level, showed a significant association with the development of PPD. For its part, the birth by caesarean section and not having family support showed a significant association with the risk of PPD, while vaginal delivery or have reached a level higher than primary education showed a protective effect with this condition. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of postpartum depression, with several risk factors that would take action for a timely diagnosis of disease.

Prevalencia de depresión posparto en primigestas y multíparas valoradas por la escala de Edimburgo / Prevalence of postpartum depression in nulliparous and multiparous women evaluated by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale

Antecedentes: Los trastornos depresivos representan un importante problema de salud pública, siendo más frecuente en las mujeres y con mayor riesgo durante el embarazo y puerperio. Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de depresión posparto en primigestas y multíparas atendidas en la División de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Método: Se realizó una investigación comparativa con diseño no experimental, que incluyó una muestra de 100 mujeres en puerperio tardío, divididas en dos grupos pares de 50 sujetos según paridad, evaluadas mediante la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron una prevalencia del test positivo en el 91 por ciento de la muestra, con una prevalencia de depresión posparto confirmada por medio del DSM-IV del 22 por ciento, presentando mayor frecuencia de ideación suicida las multíparas (p<0,05). No hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre paridad y depresión posparto. Conclusión: La población estudiada presenta una alta prevalencia de depresión postparto, sin diferencias en cuanto a su paridad.

Background: Today the depressive upheavals represent an important public health's problem, being more frequent in the women and with greater risk during the pregnancy and puerperium. Objective: To compare the prevalence of postpartum depression in nulliparous and multiparous women taken care of Maternity "Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" at the University Hospital of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Method: A comparative investigation with non experimental design was realized, it which included a sample of 100 women in later puerperium, divided in two even groups of 50 subjects according to her parity, evaluated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The results demonstrated a prevalence of the positive test in 91 percent of the sample, with a confirmed prevalence of postpartum depression by the DSM-IV of 22 percent, presenting a highly frequency of suicidal ideas in the multiparous group (p<0.05) also, don't found statistically significant association between parity and postpartum depression. Conclusion: The studied population show a highly prevalence of postpartum depression, without majors differences according to the parity.

Evaluation of Risk Factors for the Postpartum Depression with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Score / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Postpartum depression is one of the serious diseases which can influence on the mother, newborn, and the family if the recognition and treatment is not immediately performed. Currently, there are lots of known factors and diagnostic methods of postpartum depression. We studied the various factors that can affect postpartum depression. METHODS: Participants were 93 mothers who delivered at our hospital between February 1st, 2007 and November 30th, 2007. We recorded their education status, occupation, parity, delivery method, obstetrical or medical problems during pregnancy, breast-feeding period, newborn admission period, and having herb intake after delivery. Relationship between the frequency of postpartum depression and the factors we recorded was studied. RESULTS: Among many factors, the frequency of postpartum depression occurrence was significantly higher in multiparity, and was associated with herb intake after delivery with borderline significance. The frequency of breast feeding was significantly higher in women without postpartum depression. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, obstetricians could support better treatment and prevent postpartum depression by giving more attention to mothers who have risk factors of postpartum depression.

Study on the efficacy of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in puerperas in Chengdu / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the utility of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS)when being used in puerperas in Chengdu.Methods Following translation and back translation,the EPDS was commented by six experts,then a prospective cohort of 732 women completed the EPDS and the Beck depression inventory(BDI)three to fourteen days after siring birth.Rusuits The concordance rates of translation and back translation were all 100%;the content validity ratio of the EPDS was 0.9333;the Cronbaeh's alpha coefficient of the EPDS was 0.76,the cumulative variance contribution of the two factors was 44.979%,and the spearman correlation coefficient between the EPDS and BDI was 0.584,＜0.01.Conclusions The EPDS possesses good cknical pefformanee,is very concise,easy to read and understand and well accepted by mainland Chinese puerperas and researchers.It is a good instrument for screening for postnatal depression in puerperas of Chengdu.

Study on the critical value of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale in puerpera of Chengdu WANG / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To determine the critical value of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) in preliminary screening of postpaitum depression (PPD) in puerpera of Chengdu. Methods A prospective cohort of 732 women completed the Chinese version of EPDS and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) three to fourteen days after giving birth. Results The optimal critical value for EPDS to screen PPD was as follows: score no higher than 5 symboled no or slight PPD;score between 6 and 9 represented mild PPD, score equal to or higher than 10 showed moderate or severe PPD. Conclusions The EPDS is reliable in screening PPD in Chengdu, and it has optimal critical value at which it is sensitive to identify PPD in puerperas of Chengdu.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da depressão pós-parto em amostra brasileira / Postpartum depression epidemiology in a Brazilian sample

INTRODUÇÃO: Sintomas psiquiátricos são freqüentes após o parto, momento marcado por alterações hormonais e mudanças no caráter social, na organização familiar e na identidade feminina. A Escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) é instrumento de auto-avaliação para rastrear depressão após a gestação, nem sempre adequadamente reconhecida pelos profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prevalência de depressão pós-parto em mulheres atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com aplicação da EPDS em 292 mulheres que se encontravam entre 31 e 180 dias após o parto. Adotamos o ponto de corte < 12 na EPDS como depressão. RESULTADOS: Do total, 115 (39,4 por cento) apresentaram escores < 12, na EPDS, foram consideradas deprimidas; 177 (60,6 por cento), com escores < 12, foram consideradas não-deprimidas. Mulheres com menor escolaridade, maior número de gestações, maior paridade, maior número de filhos vivos e menor tempo de relacionamento apresentaram mais depressão. CONCLUSÃO: A elevada freqüência de depressão pós-parto está relacionada com fatores sociais, demonstrando a importância dos profissionais de atenção básica na detecção precoce da depressão, tendo como auxílio instrumentos como a EPDS, pela sua eficácia e praticidade.

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric symptoms are frequent in the postpartum period, a moment marked by hormonal alterations and changes in social character, family organization and women's identity. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a self-reporting instrument to track depression after pregnancy, unfortunately not always properly supported by health care professionals. This study aimed at verifying the prevalence of postpartum depression in women receiving care at basic health units. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 292 women in the postpartum period (from day 31 to 180) who answered the EPDS questionnaire. Cut-off point < 12 for EPDS depression was used. RESULTS: A total of 115 women (39.4 percent) had scores < 12 in EPDS, classified as depressive; 177 (60.6 percent) had scores < 12 and were not considered depressive. Women with lower education, higher number of pregnancies, higher parity, higher number of live children and shortest relationship time had more depression. CONCLUSION: High frequency of postpartum depression is associated with social factors, which shows the importance of health care professionals in early detection of depression, with the aid of instruments such as EPDS, due to its efficacy and practicability.

Variables posiblemente asociadas a depresión posparto, según escala Edimburgo / Variables probably associated to postpartum depression, according to the Edimburg scale

Analizar algunas variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas y perinatales asociadas al riesgo de depresión posparto, según escala de Edimburgo. Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción y Hospital de Coronel, Chile. Estudio analítico, observacional en 50 puérperas que asistieron a control a la 6° semanas posparto en el 2006. Se les aplicó la escala de Edimburgo, escala de Graffar y un instrumento de variables obstétricas y perinatales. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó las pruebas Fisher y Chicuadrado. La frecuencia de test positivo según escala de Edimburgo, fue de 22 por ciento. La edad, escolaridad, estado civil, nivel socioeconómico, paridad, patologías del embarazo, tipo de parto, hospitalización del recién nacido, no resultaron estadísticamente diferentes para riesgo de depresión posparto. Es necesario realizar un tamizaje universal para la pesquisa precoz de depresión posparto y realizar nuevos estudios considerando otros factores asociados.

To analyze some socio-demographic, obstetrical and perinatal factors associated to postpartum depression risk in women, according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Puericulture. Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepcion and Hospital of Coronel, Chile. Analytical and observational study in 50 postnatal women that attended control to six weeks pospartum in 2006. It was applied the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Graffar scale and an instrument of obstetrical and perinatal variables. For the statistical analysis, the Fisher and Chisquare tests were applied. The frequency of positive test accordong to the Edinburg scale was 22 percent. The age, marital status, socioeconomic level, parity, pregnancy pathologies, type of delivery, and hospitalization of newborn, were not statistically different for postpartum depression risk. It is necessary to make a universal screening for the precocious detection of postpartum depression and to performe studies considering other associated factors.

The Influences Caused by Life Events,Social Support,Personality Agent and Antepartum Mental Stale on the Post Partum Depression / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To explore the influence of psychosocial factor on post partum depression,to offer the theoretical support for intervention on the occurrence of post partum depression. Methods 45 women with the post partum depression as the case group and 84 health women as the control were investigated by using the gravida general situation questionnaire,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),life event scale (LES),Type A Behavior pattern questionnaire (TABQ),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS),symptom check list-90 (SCL-90),Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI) and State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI). Results The education time of the case group was fewer than those of the control(9.8?3.0 vs 11.6?3.5 yrs,P