RESUMEN
The multiplicity of epidemiological scenarios shown by Chagas Disease, derived from multiple transmission routes of the aetiological agent, occurring on multiple geo-ecobiosocial settings determines the complexity of the disease and reveal the difficulties for its control. From the first description of the link between the parasite, the vector and its domestic habitat and the disease that Carlos Chagas made in 1909, the epidemiological scenarios of the American Trypanosomiasis has shown a dynamic increasing complexity. These scenarios changed with time and geography because of new understandings of the disease from multiple studies, because of policies change at the national and international levels and because human movements brought the parasite and vectors to new geographies. Paradigms that seemed solid at a time were broken down, and we learnt about the global dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the multiplicity of transmission routes, that the infection can be cured, and that triatomines are not only a health threat in Latin America. We consider the multiple epidemiological scenarios through the different T. cruzi transmission routes, with or without the participation of a Triatominae vector. We then consider the scenario of regions with vectors without the parasite, to finish with the consideration of future prospects.
RESUMEN
Resumen El brote epidémico por SRAS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad ocasionada, COVID-19, en poco tiempo se transformó en una emergencia de salud pública inter- nacional que progresó rápidamente a pandemia con severo impacto sobre la salud y la economía de los países afectados. El objetivo del presente escrito es describir los escenarios epidemiológicos de progresión de la infección definidos y aplicables como marcos iniciales de la dinámica de transmisión de la enfermedad a Suramérica, salvando sus particularidades poblacionales, en la lucha por controlar la pandemia. Se trata de un estudio documental de revisión de la literatura especializada. Del análisis de esta información resultan dos secciones a saber: modelos epidemiológicos en infecciones y, escenarios de progresión de la pandemia de SRAS-CoV-2. Se concluye que los escenarios epidemiológicos de progresión de la infección de unas regiones pueden transpolarse a otras como marco para el control de la pandemia, salvando las particularidades de cada población en cuanto a características individuales, culturales, económicas y sanitarias.
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic outbreak soon developed into an international public health emergency that rapidly progressed to a pandemic with severe impact on the health and economies of affected countries. The objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiological scenarios of the progression of the infection defined and applicable as initial frameworks of the dynamics of transmission of the disease to South America, saving its population particularities, in the fight to control the pandemic. This is a review of the specialized literature. The analysis of the information results in two sections: epidemiological models in infections and, scenarios of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It is concluded that the epidemiological scenarios of progression of the infection in some regions can be transposed to others as a framework for the control of the pandemic, saving the particularities of each population in terms of individual, cultural, economic and health characteristics.