Mechanism of Biochanin A in treating gliomas based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To analyze the mechanism of Biochanin A in the treatment of Gliomas based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP),TargetNet,Swiss Target Prediction were used to search the active components and targets of Biochanin A.DisGeNET,GeneCards databases were used to search the corresponding targets of Gliomas.The intersection of active components of Biochanin A and gliomas target were selected to obtain the potential target of Biochanin A in treating Gliomas.Protein gene interaction data were obtained by STRING database,and protein-protein interaction network was constructed by importing into Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of the same target proteins of drug and disease were carried out by DAVID database.Molecular docking was performed by using DockThor and Pymol software.Results A total of 149 targets of Biochanin A,5654 gliomas relate-genes,97 common targets of Biochanin A and gliomas are collected.The key targets were epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),estrogen receptor(ESR1),heat shock protein(HSP)90AA1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)9,PPARG and PTGS2.The targets were mainly play an essential role in cell proliferation,invasion,cell apoptosis,and other biological pathways.GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that Biochanin A could involve the treatment of Gliomas in biological process,cell composition and molecular function.KEGG 108 signaling pathways mainly related to pathways in cancer,chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation,Lipid and atherosclerosis,PI3K/Akt pathway.Molecular docking indicated that Biochanin A had a good bonding activity with the key targets.Conclusion Biochanin A may play a role in the treatment of glioma by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,inducing apoptosis and enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity.The study built a foundation for drug development and innovative research.

IDH1 mutation produces R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) and induces mir-182-5p expression to regulate cell cycle and tumor formation in glioma

Background Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), are present in most gliomas. IDH1 mutation is an important prognostic marker in glioma. However, its regulatory mechanism in glioma remains incompletely understood. Results miR-182-5p expression was increased within IDH1-mutant glioma specimens according to TCGA, CGGA, and online dataset GSE119740, as well as collected clinical samples. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG) treatment up-regulated the expression of miR-182-5p, enhanced glioma cell proliferation, and suppressed apoptosis; miR-182-5p inhibition partially eliminated the oncogenic effects of R-2HG upon glioma cells. By direct binding to Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2 C (CDKN2C) 3'UTR, miR-182-5p inhibited CDKN2C expression. Regarding cellular functions, CDKN2C knockdown promoted R-2HG-treated glioma cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, and relieved cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the effects of miR-182-5p inhibition on cell phenotypes. Moreover, CDKN2C knockdown exerted opposite effects on cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers to those of miR-182-5p inhibition; also, CDKN2C knockdown partially attenuated the functions of miR-182-5p inhibition in cell cycle check point and apoptosis markers. The engineered CS-NPs (antagomir-182-5p) effectively encapsulated and delivered antagomir-182-5p, enhancing anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, indicating the therapeutic potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) in targeting the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis against R-2HG-driven oncogenesis in mice models. Conclusions These insights highlight the potential of CS-NPs(antagomir-182-5p) to target the miR-182-5p/CDKN2C axis, offering a promising therapeutic avenue against R-2HG's oncogenic influence to glioma.

Gliomas difusos en áreas elocuentes: avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos / Diffuse gliomas within eloquent areas: diagnostic and therapeutic advances

Objetivo: presentar los avances diagnósticos, moleculares y radiológicos, así como en las estrategias terapéuticas para gliomas difusos en los últimos 5 años (2018-2023) en la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se describen las técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas utilizadas para gliomas difusos con casos ilustrativos. Resultados: se muestran los avances de las herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas para el manejo de gliomas difusos. Discusión: en los últimos 5 años se ha avanzado en la clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los gliomas difusos, gracias a los avances tecnológicos como los marcadores moleculares, la tractografía y la fusión de imágenes para la neuronavegación y las técnicas de estimulación cortical. Esto ha permitido que el tratamiento de los pacientes con dichos tumores mejore la tasa de morbilidad, la calidad de vida libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global. Conclusiones: las técnicas de diagnóstico como la tractografía, la fusión integral de imágenes intraoperatorias y el mapeo cerebral electrofisiológico con estimulación cortical y subcortical han mejorado el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los gliomas difusos.

Objective: to present the diagnostic, molecular, radiological, and therapeutic advances, to address diffuse gliomas, made at Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogotá D.C., Colombia, in the last 5 years (2018-2023). Materials and methods: diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to address diffuse gliomas are described through illustrative cases. Results: the advances in diagnostic and therapeutic tools for managing diffuse gliomas, are shown. Discussion: in the last 5 years progress in characterizing, diagnosing, and treating diffuse gliomas, thanks to technological breakthroughs, such as molecular markers, tractography, image fusion for neuronavigation, and cortical stimulation techniques, has been achieved. This has allowed improving morbidity rate, disease-free quality of life and overall survival through the treatment provided to patients afflicted with gliomas. Conclusions: Diagnostic techniques based on tractography, comprehensive intraoperative image fusion, and electrophysiological brain mapping with cortical and subcortical stimulation, have improved the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for diffuse gliomas.

Assessment of the Benefit of Intraoperative Cortical Stimulation in Patients with Lesions within Eloquent Brain Regions / Avaliação do benefício da estimulação cortical intraoperatória em pacientes com lesões em áreas cerebrais eloquentes

Objective The present study sought to evaluate the benefits of intraoperative cortical stimulation (CS) for reducing morbidity in neurosurgery. Method A total of 56 patients were submitted to neurosurgical procedure with the aid of CS. Initially, surgical exposure and planned resection were based on anatomy and imaging exams, which were followed by CS. According to the findings, the patients were divided into two groups. In group 1 the previous surgical strategy had to be altered, while in group 2 the surgical planning did not suffer any interference. Patients were also divided into subgroups according to the underlying disease: gliomas or other etiologies. Transient and definitive deficits occurrence were compared between groups 1 and 2 and subgroups of etiologies. The real benefit of CS technique was calculated by a specific formula. Results There were 20 patients (37.5%) whose surgical strategy was changed based on CS findings. Furthermore, 65% of group 1 patients had transient deficit, in comparison to 30.5% of patients in group 2 (p » 0.013). As for the definitive deficit, it occurred in 15.0% of group 1 patients versus 8.3% of patients in group 2 (p » 0.643). Definitive deficits with no statistical difference (p » 0.074) were found in 17.2% of patients with gliomas, while none were found in the other etiologies subgroup. The rate of real benefit of intraoperative CS was 30.4%. Considering the subgroups of gliomas and other etiologies, the benefit rates were 25.7% and 38.1%, respectively. Conclusions The surgical decision was influenced by CS in 35.7% of the cases and prevented definitive deficit in 30% of patients.

Objetivos O presente estudo procurou avaliar os benefícios da estimulação cortical (EC) intraoperatória na redução da morbidade em neurocirurgias. Métodos Um total de 56 pacientes foram submetidos ao procedimento neurocirúrgico com ajuda da EC. Inicialmente, a exposição cirúrgica e o panejamento da ressecção eram baseados nos achados de anatomia e imagem, que eram seguidos pela EC. De acordo com os achados neurofisiológicos, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. No grupo 1, a estratégia cirúrgica teve que ser modificada, enquanto no grupo 2, o planejamento cirúrgico não foi alterado. Os pacientes foram ainda divididos em dois subgrupos de acordo com a doença subjacente: gliomas ou outras etiologias. A ocorrência de déficits transitórios e definitivos foram comparadas entre os grupos 1 e 2 e entre os subgrupos de etiologias. O benefício real da técnica de estimulação cortical foi calculado por uma fórmula específica. Resultados A estratégia cirúrgica foi alterada em 20 (37,5%) pacientes após a estimulação cortical. Além disso, 65% dos pacientes do grupo 1 tiveram déficits transitórios, em comparação com 30,5% dos pacientes do grupo 2 (p » 0,013). Quanto ao déficit definitivo, este ocorreu em 15% dos casos do grupo 1 contra 8,3% dos pacientes do grupo 2 (p » 0,643). Déficit definitivo sem diferença significativa (p » 0,074) foi observado em 17,2% dos pacientes com gliomas, enquanto nenhum foi encontrado no subgrupo de outras etiologias. A taxa de benefício real da EC intraoperatória foi de 30,4%. Considerando os subgrupos de gliomas e outras etiologias as taxas de benefício foram 25,7% e 38,1%, respectivamente. Conclusões A EC influenciou a decisão cirúrgica em 35,7% dos casos. Embora 90% dos pacientes não tenham cursado com déficits a longo prazo, a estimulação cortical preveniu tais déficits em cerca de um terço deles.

The 2021 World Health Organization classification of gliomas: an imaging approach / Nova classificação das neoplasias gliais segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde 2021, com enfoque radiológico

Abstract The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the recommendations of the 2021 World Health Organization classification for adult-type and pediatric-type gliomas and to discuss the main modifications in relation to the previous (2016) classification, exemplified by imaging, histological, and molecular findings in nine patients followed at our institutions. In recent years, molecular biomarkers have gained importance in the diagnosis and classification of gliomas, mainly because they have been shown to correlate with the biological behavior and prognosis of such tumors. It is important for neuroradiologists to familiarize themselves with this new classification of central nervous system tumors, so that they can use this knowledge in evaluating and reporting the imaging examinations of patients with glioma.

Resumo O propósito deste ensaio iconográfico é descrever e discutir as novas recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde de 2021, referente aos gliomas dos tipos adulto e infantil, e suas principais diferenças com a classificação anterior (2016), exemplificadas com imagens de nove casos de pacientes atendidos nas nossas instituições. Recentemente, há uma crescente significância dos marcadores moleculares no diagnóstico e classificação dos gliomas e tumores do sistema nervoso central, principalmente pela correlação com o comportamento biológico e o prognóstico. É importante que os neurorradiologistas estejam familiarizados com a nova classificação dos tumores do sistema nervoso central para a prática clínica, na avaliação e emissão de laudos e opiniões nas imagens dos pacientes com gliomas.

WHO CNS5 2021 incluye mutaciones específicas en gliomas que pueden ser identificadas con biomarcadores cuantitativos de resonancia magnética / WHO CNS5 2021 includes specific mutations in gliomas that can be identified with MRI quantitative biomarkers

Resumen En 2021 se publicó la última versión de la clasificación de tumores del sistema nervioso central de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHO CNS5 por sus siglas en inglés), considerada un estándar internacional. Las primeras ediciones se basaron en características histológicas y posteriormente se incorporaron aspectos relacionados con nuevos conocimientos. En la revisión de 2016 se implementaron características moleculares para la clasificación y estadificación de los gliomas, como la presencia de mutaciones en IDH1 y IDH2. Actualmente, las técnicas de resonancia magnética avanzada permiten valorar la presencia de 2-HG (oncometabolito incrementado ante mutaciones en IDH), de forma que indirectamente y sin procedimientos invasivos pueden identificarse las mutaciones en IDH. La resonancia magnética avanzada es un procedimiento aún en desarrollo, de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico y manejo de distintas patologías. En el presente documento se abordan las implicaciones de la WHO CNS5 en la evaluación de gliomas, así como aspectos históricos, las bases de la resonancia magnética convencional y secuencias de resonancia magnética avanzada útiles en la clasificación actual.

Abstract In 2021, the latest version of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors (WHO CNS5) was published, which is considered an international standard. The first editions of this classification were based on histological characteristics and, subsequently, aspects related to new knowledge were incorporated. In the 2016 revision, molecular characteristics were implemented for the classification and staging of gliomas, such as the presence of mutations in IDH1 or IDH2. Currently, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow assessing for the presence of 2-HG (increased oncometabolite that precedes IDH mutations), whereby IDH mutations can be indirectly identified, without invasive procedures being required. Advanced MRI is a growing field, highly useful for diagnosis and management of different pathologies. This document addresses the implications of WHO CNS5 classification in the evaluation of gliomas, as well as historical aspects, the bases of conventional MRI, and advanced MRI sequences useful in current classification.

As artérias lenticuloestriadas podem interferir na extensão da ressecção tumoral e sobrevida nos gliomas da ínsula? / Can lenticulostriated arteries interfere with the extent of tumor resection and survival in insula gliomas?

Introdução: Os gliomas são tumores encefálicos e da medula espinhal que se originam nas células gliais e cuja progressão invade o tecido cerebral adjacentee e dentre eles um dos mais desafiadores são localizados no lobo cerebral da ínsula. Estas artérias irrigam estruturas nobres e sua lesão pode produzir danos sensitivos, motores e de linguagem. Objetivo: Descrever o impacto da extensão da ressecção, sobrevida global e dos resultados funcionais após a cirurgia dos gliomas insulares, quando estes tumores estejam ou não envolvidos pelas artérias lenticuloestriadas. Métodos: Revisão integrativa nas plataformas virtuais em português e inglês, buscando AND ou OR dados através dos seguintes descritores "Gliomas da ínsula, Mapeamento cerebral, Artérias lenticuloestriadas". A busca inicial foi baseada no título e/ou resumo. Decididos os trabalhos incluíveis foi realizada a leitura na íntegra dos textos. Ao total foram estudados 55 artigos. Resultados: O lobo da ínsula fica "escondido" pela sobreposição dos lobos frontal, parietal e temporal. Para alcançá-lo pode-se realizar as abordagens transsilviana ou transcortical. Ocorre que ao chegar na ínsula visualiza-se significativa ramificação constituída pelas artérias lenticuloestriadas, cuja manipulação pode determinar déficit neurológico e, ao se aprofundar no córtex insular, depara-se com outras estruturas tão importantes quanto a própria ínsula. O conhecimento anatômico das artérias lenticuloestriadas e suas relações é de fundamental importância para a ressecção de glioma insular, pois o comprometimento delas e da artéria cerebral média podem determinar a isquemia dos núcleos da base e da cápsula interna. Conclusão: O tratamento dos gliomas insulares permanece como grande desafio. Devido à sua localização e possibilidade de desenvolvimento de déficits neurológicos na manipulação cirúrgica é necessário não somente conhecer sua localização topográfica, mas também a íntima relação vascular com as artérias lenticuloestriadas. O envolvimento delas pelo tumor possui implicações na sobrevida e na preservação da função neurológica. O conhecimento detalhado da anatomia da região é fundamental para diminuir complicações que afetem grandemente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Introduction: Gliomas are brain and spinal cord tumors that originate in glial cells and whose progression invades the adjacent brain tissue and among them one of the most challenging are located in the cerebral lobe of the insula. These arteries supply noble structures and their damage can cause sensory, motor and language damage. Objective: To describe the impact of the extent of resection, overall survival and functional results after surgery for insular gliomas, when these tumors are or are not involved by lenticulostriate arteries. Methods: Integrative review on virtual platforms in Portuguese and English, searching for AND or OR data using the following descriptors "Insula gliomas, Brain mapping, Lenticulostriate arteries". The initial search was based on the title and/or abstract. Once the included works were decided, the texts were read in full. In total, 55 articles were studied. Results: The insula lobe is "hidden" by the overlap of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. To achieve this, transsylvian or transcortical approaches can be performed. It turns out that when arriving at the insula, a significant branch made up of lenticulostriate arteries is seen, the manipulation of which can cause neurological deficits and, when going deeper into the insular cortex, one comes across other structures as important as the insula itself. Anatomical knowledge of the lenticulostriate arteries and their relationships is of fundamental importance for the resection of insular glioma, as their involvement and that of the middle cerebral artery can determine ischemia of the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Conclusion: The treatment of insular gliomas remains a major challenge. Due to its location and the possibility of developing neurological deficits during surgical manipulation, it is necessary not only to know its topographic location, but also the intimate vascular relationship with the lenticulostriate arteries. Their involvement by the tumor has implications for survival and preservation of neurological function. Detailed knowledge of the region's anatomy is essential to reduce complications that greatly affect patients' quality of life.

Aquaporin 4 and its Relationship with Brain Astrocytomas ­ Literature Review / Aquaporina 4 e sua Relação com Astrocitomas Cerebrais ­ Revisão da Literatura

Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins that regulate the osmotic permeability of the plasma membrane. There are described in the literature a total of 13 types of Aquaporins in mammals, each with different places of expression. In addition to water, some AQPs allow the passage of glycerol and ammonia, being called Aquaglyceroproteins. In the central nervous system, AQPs 1 and 4 are expressed, being responsible for the water regulation in the blood-brain barrier. These two AQPs are believed to participate in the pathophysiological process that governs the behavior of various CNS diseases, such as trauma and primary tumors. More particularly, there are quite controversial data in the literature on the expression of AQP4 in tumors and its relationship with disease progression and treatment possibility. Objective This paper aims to perform a literature review on the function and expression of AQP4 in the CNS and primary tumors of this system, to compile what is in the literature on the subject and raise new possible research hypotheses. Methods The PUBMED platform was used for bibliographic survey using "Aquaporin 4," "expression" and "astrocytomas" as keywords. Articles older than 2008 and articles that did not address AQP4 expression in astrocytomas were excluded. In the selected articles, the following topics were investigated: AQP4 structure, brain and tumor localization, and relationship with peritumoral edema. Results Regarding the structure and location of AQP4, the literature presents two isoforms of AQP4: M1 and M23. Both form clusters of AQP4 called "orthogonal arrays of proteins - OAPs." In the tumor tissue, the literature shows a decrease in the formation of OAPs and an increase in the expression of both AQP4 isoforms, besides losing their polarity, diffusing through the cytoplasmic membrane. As for the function of AQP4 in tumors, AQP4 assists in cell migration and invasion, in addition to participating in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Regarding the relationship with cerebral edema, there are controversial knowledge. Studies have shown that increased AQP4 aggravates cytotoxic edema of tumor cells and, by assisting in cell migration and angiogenesis, indirectly assist in the formation of vasogenic edema by breaking the blood-brain barrier. Other studies, however, point to the increase in AQP4 as a protective mechanism to combat vasogenic edema that occurs in tumor formation. Furthermore, the literature presents a therapeutic proposal in which, by inhibiting AQP4 expression, tumor migration and cerebral edema decrease in rats with glioblastoma. Discussion As shown in the literature, there is a difference in histopathological structure between high and low grade gliomas. However, there are common changes between them. These common changes could then be used as a factor of severity or evolution of low-grade to high-grade tumors. Moreover, it is not yet possible to perceive the true relationship of AQP4 expression and increased VEGF evolution of peritumoral edema. Finally, it can be hypothesized that since the expression ratio between AQP4 isoforms in normal tissue is greater than in some tumors, the decrease in this ratio is due either to decreased M23 expression or increased of the isoform M1. Conclusion Further studies are needed to understand the physiology and pathophysiology involving AQP4 in astrocytomas to create effective therapeutic proposals to combat this disease.

Introdução As aquaporinas (AQPs) são uma família de proteínas de membrana que regulam a permeabilidade osmótica da membrana plasmática. Existem descritos na literatura um total de 13 tipos de aquaporinas em mamíferos, cada um com diferentes locais de expressão. Além da água, alguns AQPs permitem a passagem de glicerol e amônia, sendo chamados de aquagliceroproteínas. No sistema nervoso central, as AQPs 1 e 4 são expressas, sendo responsáveis pela regulação da água na barreira hematoencefálica. Acredita-se que esses dois AQPs participem do processo fisiopatológico que regula o comportamento de várias doenças do SNC, como trauma e tumores primários. Mais particularmente, há dados bastante controversos na literatura sobre a expressão de AQP4 em tumores e sua relação com a progressão da doença e possibilidade de tratamento. Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a função e expressão da AQP4 no SNC e tumores primários deste sistema, a fim de compilar o que está na literatura sobre o assunto e levantar novas hipóteses de pesquisa possíveis. Método A plataforma PUBMED foi utilizada para levantamento bibliográfico utilizando "Aquaporin 4," "expression" e "astrocitomas" como palavras-chave. Artigos com idade superior a 2008 e artigos que não abordaram a expressão de AQP4 em astrocitomas foram excluídos. Nos artigos selecionados, foram investigados os seguintes tópicos: estrutura da AQP4, localização do cérebro e do tumor e relação com o edema peritumoral. Resultados Em relação à estrutura e localização da AQP4, a literatura apresenta duas isoformas da AQP4: M1 e M23. Ambos formam aglomerados de AQP4 chamados "arranjos ortogonais de proteínas - OAPs." No tecido tumoral, a literatura mostra uma diminuição na formação de OAPs e um aumento na expressão de ambas as isoformas AQP4, além de perder sua polaridade, difundindo através da membrana citoplasmática. Quanto à função da AQP4 nos tumores, a AQP4 auxilia na migração e invasão celular, além de participar da proliferação celular e apoptose. Em relação à relação com o edema cerebral, existem controvérsias. Estudos demonstram que o aumento da AQP4 agrava o edema citotóxico das células tumorais e, auxiliando na migração celular e na angiogênese, auxilia indiretamente na formação de edema vasogênico por quebra da barreira hematoencefálica. Outros estudos, no entanto, apontam para o aumento da AQP4 como mecanismo protetor para combater o edema vasogênico que ocorre na formação de tumores. Além disso, a literatura apresenta uma proposta terapêutica em que, ao inibir a expressão da AQP4, a migração tumoral e o edema cerebral diminuem em ratos com glioblastoma. Discussão Como mostrado na literatura, há uma diferença na estrutura histopatológica entre os gliomas de alto e baixo grau. No entanto, existem mudanças comuns entre eles. Estas alterações comuns poderiam então ser usadas como um fator de gravidade ou evolução de tumores de baixo grau a alto grau. Além disso, ainda não é possível perceber a verdadeira relação entre a expressão da AQP4 e o aumento da evolução do VEGF no edema peritumoral. Finalmente, pode-se supor que, como a razão de expressão entre as isoformas de AQP4 no tecido normal é maior do que em alguns tumores, a diminuição dessa razão é devida à diminuição da expressão de M23 ou ao aumento da isoforma M1. Conclusão: Novos estudos são necessários para compreender a fisiologia e a fisiopatologia da AQP4 em astrocitomas, a fim de criar propostas terapêuticas efetivas para combater essa doença.

Factors Related to the Recurrence of Low-grade Gliomas / Fatores relacionados à recorrência dos gliomas de baixo grau

Objective To identify the determining factors for reoperation in patients with low-grade gliomas, taking into account the degree of resection, and to analyze the histological aspects, observing possible transformations with signs of malignancy in the tissue samples. Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 40 cases of low-grade glioma that were operated on at Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu between 2013 and 2019. Results The mean follow-up was of 37 months, and the sample was composed of 28 men and 12 women with a mean age at the first surgery of 43.1 15.6 years. Epileptic seizures were observed in 31 (77.5%) patients. According to the histological classification, half of the patients presented oligodendroglioma (50%), of grade II in most cases (97.5%). Total or subtotal resection was achieved in 22 (55%) patients. Only one patient underwent radiotherapy, and two underwent chemotherapy. Reoperation was performed in 20 (50%) patients. The median interval between the first surgery and the reapproach was of 16 (range: 0­77) months. In the second approach, the histological classification was of astrocytoma in 4 (20%) cases, oligoastrocytoma in another 4 (20%), oligodendroglioma in 7 (35%), and glioblastoma in 5 (25%) cases. The only variable associated with the need for reoperation was the degree of resection after the first surgery (p » 0.013). Conclusions Total resection of low-grade gliomas, when feasible, should be performed to avoid recurrence.

Objetivo Apontar os fatores determinantes para a reoperação em pacientes com gliomas de baixo grau considerando o grau de ressecção, e analisar os aspectos histológicos, observando possíveis transformações com sinais de malignidade nas amostras teciduais estudadas. Materiais e Métodos A casuística foi composta por 40 casos de gliomas de baixo grau operados no Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu de 2013 a 2019. Resultados O tempo médio de seguimento de foi de 37 meses, sendo a amostra composta de 28 homens e 12 mulheres com idade média à primeira cirurgia de 43,1 15,6 anos. Crises epilépticas foram observadas em 31 pacientes (77,5%). Na classificação histológica, a metade dos pacientes apresentou oligodendroglioma (50%), sendo de grau II na maioria dos casos (97,5%). Ressecção total ou subtotal foi atingida 22 pacientes (55%). Apenas um paciente foi submetido a radioterapia, e dois, a quimioterapia. Reoperação foi realizada em 20 pacientes (50%). O intervalo mediano entre a primeira cirurgia e a reabordagem foi de 16 (variação: 0­77) meses; na segunda abordagem, a classificação histológica foi de astrocitoma em 4 casos (20%), oligoastrocitoma em outros 4 (20%), oligodendroglioma em 7 casos (35%), e glioblastoma em 5 casos (25%). A única variável que apresentou associação com a necessidade de reoperação foi o grau de ressecção da primeira cirurgia (p » 0,013). Conclusão A ressecção total dos gliomas de baixo grau, quando factível, deve ser buscada com a finalidade de evitar a sua recorrência.

A review of adult-type diffuse gliomas in the WHO CNS5 classification with special reference to Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5) features several changes in the classification, diagnostic criteria, nomenclature, and grading of diffuse gliomas. Adult-type diffuse gliomas are genetically defined and include astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted, and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. This review briefly discusses two tumor types: astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted, with emphasis on relevant changes in their classification and defining molecular genetic alterations. A simplified approach to the diagnosis of these tumors is provided.

Efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for the treatment of high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/Aim: High-grade gliomas are aggressive brain neoplasms usually refractory to treatment. Recently new treatment approaches have emerged, including immunotherapies. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies in adult patients with high-grade gliomas. Methods: Searches were performed in three databases for relevant studies published until December 2020. Title and abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Meta-analyses were performed with Review Manager software (version 5.4.1), using risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals as measure of effect, the Mantel-Haenszel method, and random effects models. The quality of evidence assessment was conducted according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 reported comparable data for meta-analyses. The outcomes assessed in the meta-analyses were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with subgroups at 6, 12, and more than 12 months. No statistical differences were observed between immunotherapy and conventional treatment, except for the OS subgroup over 12 months. The certainty on the evidence was moderate. Conclusion: There was no evidence of an additional benefit of immunotherapy compared to standard treatment in the synthesis of results from clinical trials. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to improve the quality of evidence concerning immunotherapies for the treatment of high-grade gliomas.

The surgical outcome of adult patients with hypothalamic gliomas / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinic-pathological features and surgical outcomes of adult patients with hypothalamic gliomas.Methods:The adult cases pathologically confirmed as hypothalamic gliomas were analyzed from October, 2011 to January, 2022 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Results:There were 32 adult cases with hypothalamic gliomas, including 16 males and 16 females. Tumor was located in the hypothalamus in 6 cases, in the hypothalamus plus optic chiasma/nerve in 6 cases, in the hypothalamus plus thalamus in 9 cases, and in the hypothalamus plus the third ventricle in 11 cases. Pre-operative hydrocephalus was found in 20 cases. Five patents underwent stereotactic biopsy, 27 patients underwent craniotomy, and 11 patients underwent shunt surgery for hydrocephalus. Of 27 patients with craniotomy, trans-callosal approach was chosen for 9 patients, trans-cortical for 8 patients, via pterion approach for 4 patients, via lateral sub-frontal approach for 4 patients, via fissurae interhemisphaerica for 1 patient, and trans-sphenoidal approach for 1 patient. Twenty-two patients received gross-total or subtotal resection, 5 patients received partial resection. All the patients were pathologically confirmed, including 9 patients with high-grade and 23 patients with low-grade gliomas. Six patients died within 3 months after craniotomy, 8 patients suffered from endocrine dysfunction, 7 patients suffered from electrolyte disturbance, and 5 patients suffered from hydrocephalus. They were followed for 0.7-110.0 months, with 5-year progression-free survival rate of 63.8% and 5-year overall survival rate of 53.9% for all patients. The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 83.3% and the 5-year overall survival rate was 72.8% for low-grade gliomas.Conclusions:The peri-operative mortality is high for adult patients with hypothalamic gliomas, and protection of the hypothalamic function is important. Patients with low-grade hypothalamic gliomas have good prognoses.

Prognostic value of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and reverse telomerase transcriptase (TERT ) in Argentine patients` gliomas / Valor pronóstico de mutaciones en Isocitrato dehidrogenasa1 (IDH1) y Telomerasa transcriptasa reversa (TERT ) en gliomas de pacientes argentinos

Background and aim: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, classified according to their histopathological and genetic features. Tumorigenesis depends on alterations in different genes. The aim of this study was the identification of mutations in IDH1 and TERT genes in gliomas of Argentine patients and to correlate them with clinical features and prognosis. Methods: DNA was isolated from 19 biopsies with different glioma grades matched with blood samples. IDH1 and TERT mutations were studied by PCR amplifica-tion and sequencing. Results: Six out of seven patients with low-grade glioma (grade II) harbor IDH1 mutations, mainly without tumor growth and overall survival of more than 12 months. Eleven out of twelve patients with high-grade gliomas (grade III/IV) showed wild type IDH1, mainly with tumor growth and shorter survival than low-grade gliomas. Mutated TERT promoter was present in 5 out of 11 high-grade gliomas, showing the prevalence of polymorphic C allele. In 1 out of 5 low-grade gliomas with a predominance of T allele. TERT and IDH1 mutations were mutually exclusive in most gliomas. Conclusions: Our results show that genetic tests provided a more accurate prognosis than histopathological analysis. The evolution of gliomas can be predicted primarily by the mutational status of IDH1 and secondarily by other markers, such as TERT mutational status

Antecedentes y objetivo: los gliomas son los tumores cerebrales primarios más comunes y se clasifican según sus características histopatológicas y genéticas. La tumorigénesis depende de alteraciones en diferentes genes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar mutaciones en los genes IDH1 y TERT en gliomas de pacientes argentinos y correlacionarlos con la evolución clínica. Métodos: se obtu-vieron 19 muestras pareadas de ADN de gliomas y de la sangre. Las mutaciones en IDH1 y TERT se analizaron por PCR y secuenciación. Resultados: la IDH1 mutada se encontró en 6 de los 7 gliomas de bajo grado (grado II), mayormente sin crecimiento tumoral y una sobrevida mayor de 12 meses. La IDH1 salvaje estaba presente en 11 de los 12 gliomas de alto grado (grado III y IV) mayormente con crecimiento tumoral y menor sobrevida que los tumores de bajo grado. Las mutaciones en el promotor del gen TERT se observaron en 5 de los 11 gliomas de alto grado, con la prevalencia de alelo polimórfico C, en cambio, en gliomas de bajo grado TERT mutado estaba presente en 1 de los 5 gliomas con predominio del alelo T. Las mutaciones en IDH1 y TERT fueron mutuamente excluyentes en la mayoría de los gliomas. Conclusiones: el análisis genético provee un pronóstico más certero que el análisis histopatológico. Nuestros resulta-dos muestran que la evolución de gliomas puede predecirse primariamente por el estado mutacional de IDH1 y secundariamente por mutaciones en otros marcadores tales como el TERT

Exosome-derived miR-181a promotes angiogenesis of glioma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of exosome-derived miR-181a on angiogenesis and tumor progression in gliomas. Methods: 83 cases of glioma tissues and 13 cases of peritumoral tissues resected in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from August 2017 to December 2019, glioma cells U87, A172, U251, LN229, U373 and microglial cell line HM, were selected to detect the expression of miR-181a in tumor tissues and cells by qPCR method. Glioma U373 cells with miR-181a over-expression or knockdown were constructed, and exosomes were isolated and identified. The effects of exsome-derived miR-181a on angiogenesis of HUVEC cells were investigated by tubule formation and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay in vitro. Nude mice bearing U373 cell transplanted xenograft was constructed to observe the effect of exsome-derived miR-181a on angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Results: The expression of miR-181a in glioma tissues and cells was significantly higher than that in normal tissues and normal glial HM cells (all P<0.01). The exsome-derived miR-181a could significantly promote the tubule formation of HUVEC cells (P<0.01) and the angiogenesis of chicken chorioallantoic membrane (all P<0.01). In vivo experiments showed that the growth of xenografts was promoted (P<0.05) and the amount of angiogenesis in the tumor tissues was increased in the nude mice after being transfused with exsome-derived miR-181a (P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-181a plays an important role in promoting angiogenesis of gliomas and may be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.

The application of blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) to the protection of language functional area during postoperative IMRT of cerebral gliomas / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) to the protection of language function in patients with unilateral frontal and temporal lobes glioma receiving postoperative intensity modulation radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods:A total of 27 patients with unilateral frontal and temporal lobe gliomas were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. The planning CT and BOLD-fMRI were performed before radiotherapy, and the language functional areas were delineated based on the fused images of 3D T1 and CT. IMRT technology was used to develop radiotherapy plans with and without language function area protection, naming conventional and protective radiotherapy plans respectively. The maximum radiation dose ( Dmax), average radiation dose ( Dmean), target conformal (CI) and dose uniformity (HI) of PTV of the two plans were compared and analyzed to ensure that the protective radiotherapy plan could meet the radiotherapy standard. Then, the Dmax and Dmean of the language function area were compared and analyzed to evaluate whether the Dmax and Dmean of the language function area were decreased in the protective radiotherapy plan. Results:There were no significant differences in CI, HI, Dmax and Dmean of PTV between the conventional radiotherapy plan and protective radiotherapy plan ( P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in Dmax and Dmean of Wernicke′s and Broca′s (healthy side and affected side) between the conventional radiotherapy plan and protective radiotherapy plan ( t=3.073-12.707, P<0.05). Dmax and Dmean of Wernicke′s and Broca′s (healthy side and affected side) were decreased in the protective radiotherapy plan compared with the conventional radiotherapy plan, and the decrease was significant in the healthy side. Conclusions:BOLD-fMRI combined with IMRT can not only guarantee the target dose of patients with glioma receiving postoperative radiotherapy, but also reduces the radiation dose to the language function area. Chinese reading task and paragraph comprehension task are the stimulation mode of language function in patients after brain tumor surgery. These tasks are simple and the effect is accurate.

Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of the human glioblastoma cell line AHOL1

Cancer cell lines are widely used as in vitro models of tumorigenesis, facilitating fundamental discoveries in cancer biology and translational medicine. Currently, there are few options for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment and limited in vitro models with accurate genomic and transcriptomic characterization. Here, a detailed characterization of a new GBM cell line, namely AHOL1, was conducted in order to fully characterize its molecular composition based on its karyotype, copy number alteration (CNA), and transcriptome profiling, followed by the validation of key elements associated with GBM tumorigenesis. Large numbers of CNAs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. CNAs were distributed throughout the genome, including gains at Xq11.1-q28, Xp22.33-p11.1, Xq21.1-q21.33, 4p15.1-p14, 8q23.2-q23.3 and losses at Yq11.21-q12, Yp11.31-p11.2, and 15q11.1-q11.2 positions. Nine druggable genes were identified, including HCRTR2, ETV1, PTPRD, PRKX, STS, RPS6KA6, ZFY, USP9Y, and KDM5D. By integrating DEGs and CNAs, we identified 57 overlapping genes enriched in fourteen pathways. Altered expression of several cancer-related candidates found in the DEGs-CNA dataset was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Taken together, this first comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape of AHOL1 provides unique resources for further studies and identifies several druggable targets that may be useful for therapeutics and biologic and molecular investigation of GBM.

Relación entre el coeficiente de difusión aparente y la celularidad de gliomas en centro de tercer nivel de Panamá / Relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient and cellularity of gliomas in tertiary care center of Panamá

Introducción: Los gliomas son tumores malignos altamente celulares del sistema ner­ vioso central. Su grado histológico preoperatorio es de utilidad en el manejo quirúrgico, por lo que la resonancia magnética con secuencias avanzadas intenta brindar mayor información tumoral. Objetivo: Relacionar el coeficiente aparente de difusión (CAD) y celularidad de los gliomas de pacientes entre enero 2015 a diciembre 2017. Metodo­ logía: Retrospectivamente se obtuvieron de archivos clínicos la edad, sexo, tipo, grado histológico y sitio anatómico. Se calculó el CAD en 5mm 2 en los estudios de resonancia magnética preoperatorias y se utilizó las laminillas para conteo de celularidad en 5mm 2 digitalmente. Se utilizó análisis estadísticos descriptivos y coeficiente de correlación entre CDA con celularidad. Se utilizaron valores de p < 0.05 para significancia estadís­ tica. Resultados: 46 casos fueron incluidos, 56.5% fueron hombres. El rango de 41­64 años fueron los más afectados. El glioblastoma fue el tipo histológico más frecuente (47.8%), así como los gliomas de alto grado (73.9%). El 95.7% fueron supratentoriales. La celularidad promedio fue de 3970 ± 2900 vs 2436 ± 948 núcleos/5mm 2 (p = 0.13), con valores promedio de CDA mínimo de 0.813 x 10­3 ± 0.229 mm 2 /s vs 1.052 x 10­3 ± 0.196 mm 2 /s (p = 0.002), para los gliomas de alto y bajo grado respectivamente. La co­ rrelación entre CDA y celularidad fue débil (R = ­ 0.13, p = 0.37). Conclusión: Existe co­ rrelación débil inversamente proporcional entre el CDA y la celularidad con distinción de gliomas de bajo y alto grado con valores de CDA mínimos

Introduction: Gliomas are highly cellular malignant tumors of the central nervous sys­ tem. Its preoperative histological grade is useful in surgical management, so magnetic resonance imaging with advanced sequences tries to provide more tumor information. Objective: Correlate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cellularity of gliomas of patients between January 2015 to December 2017. Methodology: Data of age, sex, ty­ pe, histologic grade and anatomic site were retrospectively obtained from clinical archi­ ves. The preoperative magnetic resonance ADC was calculated in a 5 mm 2 region of interest and the microscope slides were used for the cellularity digitally count in 5 mm 2 . Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation coefficient between ADC and cellularity were used. Values of p <0.05 were used for statistical significance. Results: 46 cases were included, 56.5% were men. The 41­64 years ranges were the most affected. Glio­ blastoma was the most frequent histological type (47.8%), as well as high grade glio­ mas (73.9%). 95.7% were supratentorial. The average cellularity was 3970 ± 2900 vs 2436 ± 948 nuclei/ 5mm 2 (p = 0.13), with average minimum ADC values of 0.813 x 10­3 ± 0.229 mm 2 /s vs 1052 x 10­3 ± 0.196 mm 2 /s (p = 0.002), for high­ and low­grade glio­ mas, respectively. The correlation between ADC and cellularity was weak (R = ­ 0.13, p = 0.37). Conclusions: There is a weak inversely proportional correlation between ADC and cellularity. With distinction of low­ and high­grade gliomas with minimum ADC values

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis:Differentiation of Genetic Subtypes of Diffuse Lower-grade Gliomas / 中国医学科学院学报

To explore the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)histogram analysis for differentiating genetic subtypes of diffuse lower-grade gliomas. A total of 55 patients with WHO grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ diffuse lower-grade gliomas who underwent preoperative routine brain magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging in our center were retrospectively evaluated.Among whom there were 14 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)wild-type gliomas(IDH group),19 patients with IDH-mutant 1p19q intact gliomas(IDH 1p19q group),and 22 patients with IDH-mutant 1p19q co-deleted gliomas(IDH 1p19q group).The whole-lesion ADC values derived from histogram analysis(including ADC,ADC,ADC5%,ADC10%,ADC25%,ADC50%,ADC75%,ADC90%,ADC95%,ADC,mode,range,skewness,kurtosis,standard deviation,inhomogeneity,and entrophy)were measured for each patient.All parameters between the different genetic subtypes were compared by using the Student's test or Mann-Whitney test.Receiver operating curve(ROC)analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram in distinguishing the different genetic subtypes. Compared with IDH group,the ADC75%(=0.021),ADC90%(=0.015),ADC95%(=0.014),ADC (=0.035),range(=0.009),standard deviation(=0.001)and inhomogeneity(=0.001)were significantly lower in IDH group;in contrast,the ADC (=0.031)and kurtosis(=0.020)of IDH group were significantly higher than those in IDH group.The ADC(=0.010),ADC5%(=0.016),ADC10%(=0.012),ADC25%(=0.007),ADC50%(=0.005),ADC75%(=0.015),and mode(=0.002)were significantly higher in IDH 1p19q group than in IDH 1p19q group.Inhomogeneity achieved the highest area under ROC(AUC)(0.811)in differentiating IDH gliomas and IDH gliomas,with a cutoff value of 0.229;the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 73.2%.The mode achieved the highest AUC(0.744)in differentiating IDH 1p19q gliomas and IDH 1p19q gliomas,with a cutoff value was 1448.75×10 mm /s;the sensitivity and specificity were 57.9% and 90.9%. ADC histograms analysis may be helpful to differentiate genetic subtypes in lower-grade gliomas.

Neurofibromatosis tipos 1 y 2 / Neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2

La neurofibromatosis (NF) comprende un grupo de enfermedades genéticas de herencia autosómica dominante, que se clasifican de la siguiente manera: neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2) y schwannomatosis (también conocida como neurofibromatosis tipo 3). Esta última es una enfermedad muy infrecuente, con una prevalencia aproximada de 1/126 000 personas, por lo que solo profundizaremos las dos primeras. La NF1, también conocida como la enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen, es la más frecuente de las tres y afecta principalmente la piel y el sistema nervioso periférico. Se caracteriza por la presencia de máculas "café con leche", pecas axilares o inguinales, nódulos de Lisch (hamartomas en el iris) y neurofibromas (tumores de la vaina de nervios periféricos). Otras manifestaciones menos frecuentes, aunque de mayor gravedad, incluyen gliomas del nervio óptico, meningiomas, neurofibromas malignos, escoliosis y displasia de la tibia. Su diagnóstico se suele realizar al nacimiento o durante los primeros años de vida, y se estima que un 50% de quienes la padecen presenta dificultades cognitivas. No hay datos concluyentes sobre la mortalidad en los pacientes con NF1, aunque se sabe que la expectativa de vida es menor que en la población general. La NF2 tiene una prevalencia considerablemente menor que la NF1 y su inicio es más tardío, afectando principalmente a adultos jóvenes. La presentación clínica típica se caracteriza por acúfenos, hipoacusia y ataxia en contexto de la presencia de schwannomas vestibulares bilaterales. Otros hallazgos menos frecuentes incluyen schwannomas de nervios periféricos, meningiomas, ependimomas o astrocitomas. La esperanza de vida es de unos 36 años, con una supervivencia media desde el momento del diagnóstico de 15 años. (AU)

Neurofibromatosis (NF) includes a group of genetic diseases with an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern, and they are classified as follows: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and Schwannomatosis (also known as neurofibromatosis type 3). This last one is a very rare disease, with an approximate prevalence of 1/126000, so we will only deepen in the first two. NF1, also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is the most frequent, and mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous system. Its typical manifestations are the presence of café-au-lait macules, axillary or inguinal freckles, Lisch nodules (hamartomas in the iris) and neurofibromas (peripheral nerve sheath tumors). Less frequent manifestations, although more serious, include optic nerve gliomas, meningiomas, malignant neurofibromas, scoliosis and tibial dysplasia. The diagnosis is usually made at birth or during the first years of life, and approximately 50% of patients present cognitive difficulties. There is no conclusive data on mortality in patients with NF1, although it is known that life expectancy is lower than in general population. NF2 has a considerably lower prevalence than NF1, and its onset is later in life, mainly affecting young adults. Its typical clinical presentation is characterized by tinnitus, hearing loss and ataxia in the context in the presence of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Less frequent findings include peripheral nerve schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas or astrocytomas. Life expectancy is about 36 years old, with a median survival from the moment of diagnosis of 15 years. (AU)

Uso de nimotuzumab en paciente con astrocitoma anaplásico / Nimotuzumab in the treatment of a patient with anaplastic astrocytoma

Introducción: Nimotuzumab es una inmunoglobina de isotipo IgG1, obtenido por tecnología de ADN recombinante. La expectativa de vida de niños con tumores cerebrales recurrentes, refractarios a tratamientos a la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia es de un mes aproximadamente. Con este tratamiento la supervivencia alcanza 44,5 meses. Objetivos: Presentar el caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico de Astrocitoma anaplásico que recibió tratamiento oncoespecífico concurrente con Nimotuzumab. Presentación de caso: Se realizó la descripción del diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución de un paciente de 31 años de edad que fue diagnosticado con una neoplasia del sistema nervioso central. (Astrocitoma anaplásico). Recibió la combinación terapéutica de cirugía, radioterapia y anticuerpos monoclonales, lográndose una sobrevida de 39 meses. Conclusiones: La adición del anticuerpo monoclonal al tratamiento estándar de los tumores cerebrales aumentó la sobrevida del paciente, convirtiéndose en una alternativa terapéutica segura, ventajosa y factible como parte del tratamiento convencional en las condiciones asistenciales(AU)

Introduction: Nimotuzumab is an IgG1 isotype immunoglobin, obtained by recombinant DNA technology. Life expectancy is approximately one month in children with recurrent brain tumors, refractory to treatments to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Survival reaches 44.5 months when using Nimotuzumab. Objectives: To report the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma who received concurrent oncospecific treatment with Nimotuzumab. Case report: This paper describes the diagnosis, treatment and evolution of a 31-year-old male patient with neoplasm of the central nervous system (Anaplastic astrocytoma). He received the therapeutic combination of surgery, radiotherapy and monoclonal antibodies, achieving a survival of 39 months. Conclusions: The adding the monoclonal antibody to the standard treatment of brain tumors increased patient survival, making it a safe, advantageous and feasible therapeutic alternative as part of conventional treatment in healthcare conditions(AU)